Objective To evaluate the significance of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) culture in diagnosis and treatment of childhood bacterial meningitis(BM).Methods Clinical data were collected and the etiology,laboratory results,treatment and disease prognosis were analyzed in children with positive CSF culture during Jan 2011 to Dec 2012 in our hospital.Results A total of 43 organisms were detected from CSF,13 cases of which were clearly diagnosed as BM.The coagulase negative staphylococcus was isolated most frequently (51.2％,22/43),meanwhile,CSF routine examination and biochemical test were abnormal in only 1 case.All results of blood cultures were negative.All cases were cured without changing antibiotics according to the drug sensitive test.Four strains of Streptococcus agalactiae,2 strains of Streptococcus pneumohiae and 4 strains of gram-negative bacilli were separated.Routine examinations of all CSF were abnormal in most cases,the CSF biochemical tests were abnormal and blood cultures were positive.Conclusion Coagulase negative staphylococcus separated in most CSF is contaminated bacteria.Streptococcus agalactiae,Streptococcus pneumoniae and gram-negative bacilli separated in CSF have important diagnostic value in BM.Diagnosis of BM should be combined with CSF culture,routine examination,biochemical test,blood culture results and clinical manifestations,then we can avoid unnecessary usage of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of dasatinib concentration in human plasma and study the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of tablets. METHODS:In a randomized two-way crossover study,24 healthy male volunteers were divid-ed into two groups,and were administered respectively with test and reference preparations 100 mg under fasting and fed condi-tions. The plasma concentration of dasatinib was determined by LC-MS/MS. Using imatinib mesylate as internal standard,the deter-mination was performed on Welchrom C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid(70∶30,V/V). Posi-tive ion scanning was conducted under MRM mode,ESI,and ion pair for quantitative analysis were m/z 488.5→401.2 (dasatinib) and m/z 494.6→394.2(internal standard). DAS 3.2.8 software was used for data processing and variance analysis was adopted to in-vestigate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of tablets. RESULTS:The linear rang of dasatinib was 1-300 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic pa-rameters of test and reference preparations under fasting conditions were as follows:cmax were (165.599 ± 67.592) and (164.533 ± 77.960)ng/ml;tmax were(1.145±0.504)and(1.080±0.467)h;t1/2 were(5.080±2.262)and(3.771±1.596)h;AUC0-36 h were (550.487 ± 256.494) and (585.986 ± 324.885) ng·h/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparations under fed conditions were as follows:cmax were(163.058±47.533)and(165.440±53.012)ng/ml;tmax were(1.630±1.066)and(1.576± 0.530)h;t1/2 were(4.720±2.677)and(4.311±2.610)h;AUC0-36 h were(568.036±192.521)and(601.100±216.855)ng·h/ml. Relative bioavailability of AUC0-36 h under fasting and fed conditions were(100.2±7.5)% and(99.2±3.8)%. Analysis of variance showed there were no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of between 2 preparations and cyde(P>0.05),there was statistical significance among subjects(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:LC-MS/MS method can determine the concentration of da-satinib in human plasma rapidly;and the two preparations are bioequivalent.

Objective To study the relationship between mental effort and personal time perspective during the process of individual changing bad habits.Methods 230 graduate students were collected to attend this longitudinal study of 21 days by experience sampling method.The data on mental effort and performance were obtained from the process of daily change of the bad behavior.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was applied to graduate students.The survey results were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).Results In 21 days,the mental effort of subjects showed very clear downward trend,the trend of the change was statistical significant (total score(5.63±2.62),t=-5.590,P＜0.01).Mental effort didn't have significant difference in five kinds of behavioral objectives (keeping early hours,exercising daily,dieting,reading daily,limiting screen time) (P＞0.05).The male obviously put more effort than the female during the study(t=2.743,P＜0.01).Both Present Hedonism and Futurism were inversely related to mental effort,which was statistical significant (t=-2.504,P＜0.05;t=2.39,P＜0.05).Both Present Fatalism and Futurism had the effects on the changing trend of the mental effort regulatory,which was statistical significant (t=-3.099,P＜0.01;t=-2.400,P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental effort of changing the behavior will gradually decline during the process of habit establishment.The mental effort of subjects who had present fatalism or futurism show a faster decline.

Objective To study the effect of parenting styles on the children' s self-control,and distinguish the influence between father and mother.Methods The present study selected 1 531 children (766 girls) between 3-10 years old.Data on parenting style were collected by parenting style questionnaire,while data on children' s self-control were measured by dual-system of self-control scale.Principal component analysis was conducted to examine common method bias.Results (1) No common method bias was found in this study.(2) Boys scored (31.66±5.95) on control system lower than girls (32.91±5.49),t=4.071,P＜ 0.01,but they had higher scores (43.19±8.32) on impulsive system than girls (41.96±8.32),t=2.226,P=0.027.(3)The associations of children's self-control scores with parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significant (r=-0.054～-0.174,P＜0.05),while it correlated positively with parents' democratic style (r=0.231,r=0.243,P＜0.05).The correlation between children's impulsive system scores and parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significantly positive (r=0.116-0.195,P＜0.05),while its associations with parents' democratic style were significant (r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P＜0.05).(4) As controlling children's age and sex,father democracy (β=0.120),inconsistency (β=-0.159),and mother democracy (β=0.188) were significantly correlated with children' s self-control (R 2adj =0.107,P＜0.05).Father despotism (β=0.070),inconsistency (β=0.136),mother's democracy (β=-0.063),despotism (β=0.099) and inconsistency (β=0.061) significantly predicted children's impulsive system (R 2adj =0.082,P＜0.05).Conclusion Each dimension of self-control and parenting style is high correlation.Father and mother's different rearing traits and the combination of different rearing traits contributed variously to children' s self-control system.

Objective:To investigate the expression of MEK/ERK signaling pathways in renal cell car-cinoma with bone metastasis,and to analyze the differences of expressions of VEGFR-2,MEK,ERK on the primary and metastasis tissue and its mechanism.Methods:The tissue samples were obtained from 7 renal cell carcinoma patients kindly provided by Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hos-pital from January 1,2009 to January 1,2010.The expression of MEK/ERK signaling pathways was de-tected in the 7 renal cell carcinoma patients`primary and matched metastatic tissues with ICH,The anti-body concentrations were 1 ∶200,1 ∶25,and 1 ∶250,respectively.The mutation of the twentieth exon of the PDGFRA gene,the second exon of the K-ras gene,the fifteenth exon of the Brafgene and the se-cond exon of the MEK1 gene were detected with PCR.Results:The expression intensities of VEGFR-2, MEK,and ERK were measured by H-score [intensity (1,2,3,or 4)multiplied by the distribution (%)].VEGFR-2,MEK,and ERK expressions were divided into 3 groups according to the positive dis-tribution of the tumor cells:1,0 -5%;2,6% -50%;and 3,>50%,To assess intratumor heteroge-neity,three distinct microscopic fields (×200)from each specimen were used to evaluate the expres-sions,Subsequently,the scores were averaged to obtain a single concatenated score for each tissue. VEGFR-2,MEK,and ERK expressions were assessed by 2 independent pathologists who were blinded to the clinicopathological data.The data were expressed as the mean value of the triplicate experiments.The expressions of MEK,and ERK were higher in the metastatic tissues than in the matched RCC tissues (6.10 ±4.10 vs.1.33 ±0.51,P =0.015;9.10 ±2.24 vs.4.43 ±2.84,P =0.021 )while the ex-pression of VEGFR-2 was not different between the primary and metastatic tissues (P =0.901).No mu-tation was detected on the twentieth exon of the PDGFRA gene,the second exon of the K-ras gene,the fifteenth exon of the Brafgene and the second exon of the MEK1 gene.Conclusion:MEK/ERK signa-ling pathways may play an important role in the metastasis and the resistance of sunitinib in RCC patients with bone metastasis.

Objective To determine the expression level of microRNA-25 in animal models of diabetic nephropathy and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cultured in different conditions, and to explore its regulating effect on the fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Methods The expression of microRNA-25 was detected by real-time PCR. The downstream target protein of microRNA-25 was verified by bioinformatic prediction, transient transfection of cells and Western blotting. Results MicroRNA-25 was down-regulated in animal models of diabetic nephropathy and HK-2 cells which were cultured in high-glucose medium (P<0. 01). MAP2K4 might be the downstream target protein of microRNA-25. Overexpression of microRNA-25 reduced the protein expression of MAP2K4 and α-SMA (P<0. 01). Conclusion MicroRNA-25 inhibits the fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the expression of MAP2K4.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Self-Regulatory Fa-tigue Scale (SRF-S)in Chinese young people.Methods:A sample of 553 young people from a university and a state-owned enterprise was administrated with the SRF-S,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ)and the Dual-Mode Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S).Item analysis was conducted to identify valid items and revise the scale.Then the construct validity of the revised scale was tested through confirmatory factor analysis.Finally,a sam-ple of 238 graduate students was retested two weeks later to examine the reliability of the scale.Results:Item analy-sis showed that the SRF-S had satisfactory item discrimination (r >0.38).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the whole scale had a three-order factor and good construct validity (χ2 /df=5.08,RMSEA =0.09,NFI =0.90, NNFI =0.90,CFI =0.92,IFI =0.92,GFI =0.90)after removing 2 items with factor loadings lower than 0.32,and the range of factor loading was between 0.37 and 0.71.The SRF-S total and subscale scores were positively corre-lated with the scores of negative coping and poor control (r =0.25 -0.58,Ps <0.001),and were negatively associ-ated with the scores of positive coping and good self-Control (r =-0.22 --0.47,Ps <0.001).The Cronbach's αcoefficients were 0.84 for the total scale,and 0.64 to 0.69 for the three subscales,respectively;the test-retest relia-bility coefficients were 0.73 for the total scale,and 0.62 to 0.67 for the three subscales,respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of SFR-S could be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing self-regu-latory fatigue state among Chinese young people.

Objective To learn how the process of self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) mediates the effect of leadership styles on job satisfaction of young workers.Methods 723 young workers recruited from a business enterprise were required to response to questionnaire survey, including leader behavior description, self-regulatory fatigue and job satisfaction questionnaire.Results All young workers' job satisfaction was 3.78±0.69,31 years old and above were higher than 30 years old and under(t=-3.246, P＜0.01) ,and there was no significant difference in gender and education.Job satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with leadership style (r initiating structure =0.210, r ideration =0.272), and was significantly negatively correlated with self-regulatory fatigue (r=-0.333).Two dimensions of leadership styles,initiating structure (β=0.227, t=2.659, P＜0.01) and consideration (β=0.270, t=5.035, P＜0.01), had the predicted effects of job satisfaction (R 2 =0.098).Consideration dimension of leadership style had more influence on job satisfaction at the high level of self-regulatory fatigue (β=0.266, t=4.929, P＜0.01);the effect of initiating structure dimention on job satisfaction was influenced by gender (t=-5.154, P＜0.01);self-regulatory fatigue was mediator between leadership styles and job satisfaction, and the consideration dimension of leadership style had more mediation effect on job satisfaction than that of initiating structure dimention of leadership style (mediationconsideration=0.317,mediationinitiating structure=0.268).Conclusion Two dimensions of leadership style can affect job satisfaction, and are mediated by self-regulatory fatigue.The intervention of self-regulatory fatigue can help to improve the job satisfaction of young workers.

Objective To explore the expression of sex determining region Y-box 18 (SOX18) in prostate cancer(PCa) and its role on prostate cancer cells.Methods The expression of SOX18 in 98 PCa tissues and 81 adjacent non-tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of SOX18 mRNA and protein in PCa cell lines were detected by q-PCR and Western blotting analysis,respectively.After knocking down SOX18 with si-RNA,the proliferation,migration and invasion of PCa cells were analyzed by CCK8,Transwell and Matrigel assays in vitro.Results The rate of high SOX18 expression in prostate cancer tissues was 73.5％ (72/98),which was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (43.2％,35/81) (P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the rates of high SOX18 expression in clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [83.7 ％ (36/43) vs.65.5 ％ (36/55),x2 =4.131,P =0.042],pathological grading G3-4 [88.6％ (39/ 44) vs.61.7％ (33/54),x2 =9.424,P =0.002] and Gleason scores ≥ 8 [85.0％ (34/40) vs.65.0％ (38/58),x2 =4.610,P =0.032] groups were higher than those in clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,pathological grading G1-2 and Gleason scores ≤7 groups.However,there were no differences in the rate of high SOX18 expression in different age groups [77.3％ (38/54) vs.70.4％ (34/44),x2 =0.539,P =0.441].Knockdown of SOX18 notably suppressed the proliferation,migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.Conclusions SOX18 is over-expressed in prostate cancer,and could promote the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of prostate cancer cells.

Objective To study the current situation of migrant children' s social adaptation and ex?plore its influencing factors. Methods The study population was 1547 children aged 10?16 years recruited from Shijiazhuang city. Social adaptation was collected through social adaptation questionnaire,whereas self?control was measured by children' s self?control investigating questionnaire. The data were statistically ana?lyzed with the ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis. Results ①There was no significant difference on social adaptation scores between migrant children and urban children (3.71±0.65,3.70±0.69, P>0.05). ②Among migrant children,girls scored significantly higher than boys(3.80±0.59,3.63±0.69, P<0.01). And as the grade of the migrant children increased,the social adaptation scores decreased (3.82±0.68,3.72±0.64, 3.58±0.60, P<0.01). ③The poor control system had a significantly negative prediction on migrant children' s social adaptation ( β=-0.299, P<0.01),whereas the good self?control system had a significantly positive prediction on migrant children' s social adaptation ( β=0.243, P<0.01) . Both parent?child relationship and peer relationship significantly positively predicted migrant children ' s social adaptation ( β=0. 179, β=0.092, P<0.01) . There was no significant correlation between the proportion of the migrant children in the classes and migrant children's social adaptation (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference on social adaptation between migrant children and urban children. Children' s self?control,parent?child rela?tionship and peer relationship have significant influence on social adaptation of migrant children .