Objective To study the counteraction of l- tetrahydropalmatine (l- THP) against bromocriptine (Bro)- induced hypoprolactin in lactational rats and to prove that l- THP is an antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors. Methods The lactational rat model with hypoprolactin was established by subcutaneous injection of Bro (0.5 mg/kg).The counteraction of l- THP (6 and 18 mg/kg, ip)was evaluated by observing serum prolactin (PRL) level, weight growing in newly born rats, and histology changes of mammary gland. Results Bro (0.5 mg/kg, sc) reduced the PRL level and induced the dysplasia of mammary gland in lactational rats. Bro also caused the retardation of the weight growing in newly- born rats. l- tetrahydropalmatine 6 and 18 mg/kg ip remarkably increased the prolactin level and promoted the development of mammary gland in lactational rats models and promoted the weight growing in newly- born rats. Conclusion l- tetrahydropalmatine(l- THP) has an antagonism against dopamine D2 receptors.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and glucose transporter-1(GLUT-1)in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and in elderly primary lung cancer tissue under hypoxia. Methods MTT assay was used to test the effect of CoCl2-induced hypoxia on the growth activity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis(RT-PCR)and Western blot were used to determine the changes of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 under hypoxia.The expressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 were detected by using immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR in 60 specimens of lung carcinoma and 26 benign lung tissues in elderly patients with pulmonary diseases.Their interrelations and their relationship with clinicopathologicaI characteristics of the tumors were analyzed. Results The growth activity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was increased under hypoxia.RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mRNA expressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 were 0.69±0.08,0.65±0.09 after hypoxia exposure for 24 hours,and 0.99±0.16,0.83±0.11 after hypoxia exposure for 48 hours,which were higher than those in control group (0.47±0.11,0.40±0.08,P＜0.01).The results from Western blot showed that the protein expressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 were 1.57±0.29,1.66±0.28 after hypoxia exposure for 24 hours,and 2.31±0.46,2.22±0.34 after hypoxia exposure for 48 hours,which were higher than those in control group(0.93±0.07,1.06±0.17,P＜0.01).In specimens of lung carcinoma,the positive expression rates of mRNA and proteins of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 were higher than those in benign lung tissues(all P＜0.01).Compared with the mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1a and GLUT-1 in lung carcinoma tissues of Ⅰ and Ⅱ stage,there were marked increases in Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage (all P＜0.05).The expressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in lymph node metastasis group were higher than those in group without lymph node metastasis(all P＜0.05).There were positive correlations between the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α and between the mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT-1(r1=0.527,r2=0.408,respectively,both P＜0.01). Conclusions CoCl2 can up-regulate the expressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 by inducing hypoxia.The hypoxia-mediated effects on them have the potential to make lung cancer cells further grow and promote hypoxie tolerance.The overexpressions of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 are closely correlated with the progression of lung carcinoma.Combined detection of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 may be helpful for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of primary lung cancer in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the correlations of the expressions of CXCR4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in esophageal cancer and their associations with patients' clinicopathological features.Methods The paraffin-embedded samples of 127 patients with esophageal cancer treated by thoracic surgery in Zhongshan Hospital in 2005 were collected. The CXCR4 and VEGF expressions in esophageal cancer tissues were detected with immunohistochemical technique. The immunostaining was evaluated according to the staining area and intensity. Results The overall expression rate was 88.2% and 79.5%, respectively. CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, size, tumor depth, regional lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05);VEGF expression was significantly associated with tumor depth, TNM stage and tumor grade.In addition, there were significant correlations between CXCR4 and VEGF (P<0.01). Conclusions There was significant association between CXCR4, VEGF expressions and clinicopathological features of esophageal cancer. There might be some potential correlation between CXCR4 and VEGF expression in esophageal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the surgical indications and treatment of spontaneous cerebellar hemor-rhage.Methods The clinical data and surgical methods of 46 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed.Results Follow up 6 months,4 cases were dead.Outcomes were assessed by the ADL:17 cases wereⅠ,10 cases were Ⅱ,9 cases were Ⅲ,4 cases were Ⅳ,2 cases were Ⅴ.Conclusion The surgical way should be selected according to degree of patients,conditions severity and CT imaging of hemorrhage in the patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.The curative of timely proper surgery on the patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhages is good.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound bladder detrusor wall thickness (DWT) measurement for female bladder outlet obstruction (FBOO) and investigate the application of this non-invasive method for diagnosis of FBOO.Methods DWT was measured by linear ultrasound (7.5 MHz) either at a filling volume of 50％ of cystometric capacity or at 250 ml filling in 93 women undergoing pressure flow study (PFS) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).FBOO was defined as maximal flow rate (Qmax) of less than 12 ml/s combined with a detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (Pdet Qmax)greater than 25 cm H2O.All the patients were divided into 2 groups according to FBOO and non-FBOO.The age,urodynamic parameters and DWT of the 2 groups were compared.Meanwhile DWT was evaluated for diagnosing BOO through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe age (61.2 ± 8.3 vs 59.9 ± 7.7 years,P =0.44) and maximal cystometric capacity (292.2 ± 82.3 vs 308.1 ± 87.5 ml,P =0.37 ) between the 2 groups had no significant difference.DWT was significantly higher ( P =0.00 ) in FBOO group (42 cases,DWT 1.8 ±0.3 mm) compared to non-FBOO group (51 cases,1.4 ±0.2 mm).Furthermore maximal detrusor pressure (43.1 ± 11.2 vs 16.2 ± 7.1 cm H2O,P =0.00),Pdet Qmax (34.3 ±8.2 vs 13.1 ±7.8 cm n2O,P =0.00),Qmax(7.4 ±3.2 vs 17.4 ±4.1 ml/s,P =0.00),voided volume (157.1 ±63.7 vs 251.2 ±77.4 ml,P=0.00) and post-void residual volume (117.5 ±71.3 vs 37.7 ± 18.1 ml,P =0.00) had significant differences between the 2 groups.For a diagnosis of FBOO,DWT of 1.9 mm or greater had a positive predictive value of 100％,a negative predictive value of 62％,specificity of 100％ and sensitivity of 38％.ROC analysis revealed that DWT had a high predictive value for FBOO with an area under the curve of 0.88 ± 0.06.Conclusions Ultrasound DWT measurement for FBOO is non-invasive,convenient and reliable.DWT 1.9 mm or greater assessed by ultrasound has a high predictive value and specificity for FBOO and can replace PFS in some extent.However,this cutoff value needs to be validated in multiple center and larger population study.

Objective: To study the Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic actions of Zhisou Lixiao capsule(ZLC). Methods: The incubation period and the frequency of cough in mice induced by ammonia water, the secretion of PSP from mouse bronchus and the incubation period of asthma in guinea-pigs induced by histamine were observed. Results: ZLC 0.8～3.2g?kg-1?d-1 ig could obviously prolong the incubative period of cough and decrease the frequency, ZLC 0.8～3.2g?kg-1?d-1 ig could increase the secretion of PSP in mice, 0.5～2.0 g?kg-1?d-1 increase the bronchial secretion in rats, and 1.0～2.0 g?kg-1?d-1 could prolong the incubation period of asthma in guinea-pigs. Conclusion: ZLC exerts a good Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effect.

Objective To explore the reasons for rebleeding and its coping strategies.Methods To study the 19 hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients'medical records who suffered postoperative rebleeding in our department from June 2011 to May 2015.Results Rebleeding time:within 6 hours:11 cases,6 ~24 hours:5 cases, 2 ~3 weeks:3 cases.Among 19 cases,hematoma puncture drainage in 2 cases,small bone window craniotomy surgery in 9 cases,craniotomy with big bone flap decompression in 8 cases,6 cases with severely disabled and 7 cases died. Conclusion Intraoperative bleeding operation is not standardized,early postoperative blood pressure control failure in patients,preoperative instability function are the main causes of postoperative bleeding.Choosing a better operating time,the specification intraoperative hemostasis and controlling blood pressure to stable after surgery can reduce the membership of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage incidence of postoperative bleeding.

Objective To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1)products inhibitor on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in rat autologous vein graft.Methods Autogenous vein transplantation model was established in 30 Wistar rats. The vein grafts were harvested at different time after grafting. The change of TIMP-1 was detected by using hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Results 1. Changes of histopathology in vein grafts: Intimal hyperplasia (IH) could be seen in 7 - 14 days, the peak at 2 ~ 4 weeks after operation.2. ISH results: TIMP-1mRNA positive cells appeared at 24 hours, increased significantly in 72 hours and reached the peak at 1 ~ 2 week after operation. There was significant difference between day 1 and 2 week.TIMP-I expression was not detected in normal vessels (P <0. 01). 3. Immunohistochemistry results: There was trace TIMP-I expression in normal vessels. The expression of TIMP-1 appeared at 72 hours after vein graft, increased mostly in 1 week, reached the peek at 2 week and reduced later. There was significant difference between day 1 and 2 week (P < 0. 01). Conclusions 1. The activation of TIMP-1 exists in autogenous vein grafts. 2. The intima experienced hyperplasia in spite of increased secretion of endogenous TIMP-1 after autogenous vein grafts.

Objective To investigate the effect of berberine on endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK apoptosis pathway in HK-2 cells by high fructose.Methods HK-2 cells were grown in DMEM/F12, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and divided randomly into four groups: normal control group (Group C); Fructose group (Group F): it contains 25mmol/L fructose culture; Berberine group (Group B): 25mmol/L fructose + 10μmol/L berberine treatment group; TUDCA group (Group T):25mmol/L fructose +2μmol/L TUDCA culture group; Cells were collected after culturing 24h. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CHOP protein and the phosphorylation levels of PERK, eIF2α were tested by Western blotting. The cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry and the apoptosis of cells were detected by TUNEL staining.ResultsWestern blotting showed that the expression of GRP78 and CHOP protein in group F was significantly higher than that in group C, and the levels of p-PERK and p-eIF2α in group F were significantly higher than those in group F. Compared with group F, GRP78, CHOP, p-PERK and p-eIF2α in group B and T were significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression of GRP78, CHOP, p-PERK and p-eIF2α in group B had no significant difference. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining showed that the cell viability of fructose group was significantly lower than that of C group, and the apoptotic index was significantly higher than that of group C (P<0.05). Compared with group F, the activity of HK-2 cells in group B and T significantly increased, otherwise the apoptosis index significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with group T, the viability index and apoptosis rate of group B had no significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion Persistent high fructose can activate the intracellular PERK pathway in HK-2 cells, causing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Berberine can inhibit the fructose-induced PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation, down-regulated the expression of GRP78, CHOP protein, thus by regulating PERK Pathways to alleviate cell cycle arrest and reduce cell apoptosis.