Aiming at the cropping operations widely applied in practical industry production, a new method of bar cropping is presented. The rotational speeds of actuating motor of eccentric blocks are controlled by a frequency-changer, and the shearing die provides the bar with the controllable force, frequency and amplitude of vibration. By utilizing the stress concentration at the bottom of V shape groove on the bar, the low stress bar cropping is realized. The bar cropping experiments of duralumin alloy and steel show that the shear surface has no radial distortion and deviation angle, the cutting force is lower and the die life is longer compared with the common bar cropping method. According to the special feature of cutting surface obtained by the new method, a new method of measurement is proposed and applied to assess the cutting surfaces obtained by the different control curves of frequency. The results show that the linear decrease control method is the best.

Objective The health risk behaviors of undergraduates exist universally, which can induce other social problems. The aim of this study was to describe the present situation and analyze the influencing factors of health risk behaviors of 404 undergradu-ates. Methods Adolescent Health Related Behaviors Questionnaires were conducted in 404 undergraduates chosen from a University in Nantong by stratified cluster sampling method.Logistic regression and multiplicative interactive effects were adopted to analyze the influ-encing factors. Results Health risk behaviors were common among college students.In the past 30 days, 33.4%of students had rule-breaking behaviors in bicycle riding and 45.3%had rule breaking behaviors in walking.In the past 12 months, 2.7%of students had in-tentionally hurt themselves, 2.5%had suicidal inclination, 19.8%had smoking history, 69.3%had drinking history, 7.4%participa-ted in the gambling, 7.7%and 11.9%played video games and surfed online over 4 hours everyday, respectively, and 4.5%of students have had sex.In the past 30 days, 94.3% of students lost their weight through the unhealthy way, and 37.8%of students participated physi-cal exercise over 60 minutes for at least 3 days in the past 7 days.Lo-gistic regression indicated that male, higher grade and higher education level of the student′s mother were the risk factors of some health risk behaviors.Interactive effect was not found between the different influencing factors. Conclusion Health risk behaviors exist widely a-mong college students and more attention should be paid to risk behaviors of college students.Health behaviors should be trained among adolescents to improve their overall health level.

A new method to calculate and counterbalance the inertia force of slider-crank mechanisms in high-speed mechanical presses was put forward. By analyzing the kinematic characteristics of a center-located slider-crank mechanism whose crank rotates at a constant angular velocity, the kinematic parameters of the slide, connecting rod and crank were formulated approximately. On the basis of the results above, three inertia forces and the input moment in the mechanism during its idle running were investigated and formulated by dynamic analysis. A verification experiment was performed on a slider-crank mechanism at a high-speed press machine. The forces derived from the established formulas were compared respectively with those obtained by the ADAMS software and the classical method of connecting rod mass substitution. It was experimentally found that the proposed formulas have an improved performance over related earlier techniques. By use of these results, a 1000 kN 1250 rpm four-point high-speed press machine was designed and manufactured. The slide of this press is driven by four sets of slider-crank mechanisms with symmetrical layout and opposite rotation directions to counterbalance the horizontal inertia forces. Four eccentric counterbalance blocks were designed to counterbalance the vertical force after their mass and equivalent eccentric radius were formulated. The high-speed press machine designed by the proposed counterbalance method has worked with satisfactory performance and good dynamic balance for more than four years in practical production.

Object To establish the process of supercritical CO 2 extraction of glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.. Methods The comparison methods among supercritical CO 2 extraction, Soxhleth extraction and ultrasonic extraction were conducted. Results The optimized supercritical CO 2 extraction conditions were 30 MPa, pressure; 70 meshes, granularity of material; 80% ethanol, modifying agent; 45 ℃, extraction temperature; 2 hours, extraction time. Conclusion The results show that supercritical CO 2 extraction has an advantage over any other extractions of glycyrrhetic acid from G. uralensis.

Objective:To investigate the body composition and sarcopenia in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 220 patients with stable COPD were enrolled in the study from China-Japan Friendship Hospital during July 2018 to December 2019; 220 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group 1) and 220 healthy young adults aged 20-40 years (control group 2) were enrolled from the community. The body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method. The demographic characteristics, disease conditions, living background and other related factors were collected by questionnaire. T test or one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between groups, and non parametric test was used for non normal distribution data.Results:Compared with the control group 1 and control group 2, the body fat rate ( Z=-10.037, t=-8.411), the fat free mass index ( Z=-8.165, t=-7.856), and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) ( t=-7.158, t=-11.989) were significantly lower in stable COPD patients ( P<0.05). Among 220 patients with stable COPD, 51 (23.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia; the prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.3% (24/131) in men and 30.3% (27/89) in women (χ2=4.297, P=0.038). The decreased ASMI and grip strength in COPD patients with sarcopenia were significantly associated with age≥75 (χ2= 15.746, F= 14.048), female sex ( Z=5.805, t=2.672), low income ( Z=-4.291, t=-4.789), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade Ⅳ (χ2=22.644, F=3.905), Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale grade 4 (χ2=12.475, F=4.369), not receiving systematic health education ( Z=-4.239, Z=-2.474), no exercise (χ2=14.786, F=3.402), insufficient nutrition intake (χ2=40.531, F=10.529). The range of 6-min walking distance was (110-268) m, that was even shorter for patients with mMRC dyspnea scale grade 4 ( F=3.468, P<0.05). Conclusion:The impairment of body composition is common in COPD patients, which will further affect the body function. It is suggested that the routine evaluation of COPD should include the measurement of body composition.

Objective:This study was conducted to evaluate the roles of internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SL-NB) in the treatment of breast cancer patients with clinically positive axillary lymph nodes. Methods:This study is a one-armed clini-cal research conducted from June 2013 to October 2014. A total of 64 breast cancer patients from Shandong Cancer Hospital with clini-cally positive axillary lymph nodes were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Meanwhile, IM-SLNB was performed in all patients using the new injection method of radiotracer. Results:Among the 64 enrolled patients, the visual-ization rate of internal mammary lymph node was 59.4%(38/64). For the 38 patients who were subjected to visualization of the internal mammary node, the detection rate was 100%(38/38), and the incidence of complications was 7.9%(3/38). The metastasis rate of inter-nal mammary lymph node was 21.1%(8/38). Patients with upper inner quadrant tumors and metastasis of more axillary lymph nodes had a significantly higher chance of developing sentinel lymph node metastasis (P<0.001 and P=0.017, respectively) than the other pa-tients. The clinical benefit rate of the above mentioned treatment was 59.4%. Among the patients, 12.5%(8/64) received extra internal mammary radiotherapy, whereas 46.9%(30/64) patients avoided the unnecessary internal mammary radiotherapy. Conclusion:IM-SL-NB should be performed in breast cancer patients with clinically positive axillary lymph nodes because IM-SLNB could provide the ac-curate indication of radiation to the internal mammary area, especially for the patients with upper inner quadrant tumors and those with a suspiciously high level of axillary lymph node metastasis.

Background and purpose:Whether axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (ASLNB) could replace axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients who converted after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) from cN+ to ycN0 is still contentious, and the previous study only evaluated the pathological status of ALN without internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) condition. This study is to evaluate roles of ASLNB and internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) in breast cancer patients after NAC.Methods:From Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2014, 60 breast cancer cT1-4N0-3M0patients who were scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and agreed to accept surgery after NAC from our department were enrolled into the retrospective study. Patients with cN0 before NAC and ycN0 after NAC underwent ASLNB (group A). Patients with cN+ received NAC and ycN0 after NAC (group B) were treated with ASLNB and ALND. Only patients whose clinical nodal status remained positive (ycN+) after NAC underwent ALND without ASLNB (group C). All the patients received radiotracer injection and patients in group A and group B received blue dye injection additionally. Meanwhile, IM-SLNB would be performed for all patients with IM-SLN visualization.Results:The number of patients enrolled in group A, group B and group C was 6, 45 and 9 cases respectively. The accuracy rate of ASLNB in group A was 100% (6/6). Only one patient was axillary sentinel lymph node (ASLN) positive performed ALND. With combination of blue dye and radiolabeled colloid, the accuracy rate of ASLNB in group B was 100% (48/48) and the false negative rate (FNR) was 17.9% (5/28). The FNR in patients with 1, 2 and>2 SLNs examined was 27.3% (3/11), 20.0% (2/10) and 0% (0/7). All of the ALNs were positive in group C. The visualization rate of IM-SLN was 63.3% (38/60). The detection rate of IM-SLNB was 97.4% (37/38) and the metastasis rate was 8.1% (3/37). The incidence of complications was 5.3% (2/38).Conclusion:ASLNB can be performed either before or after preoperative chemotherapy for patients with cN0 disease. Among women with cN+ converted to ycN0 who had 3 or more SLNs examined, the FNR could return to be less than 10%. Those patients whose nodes are still ycN+ should perform ALND. IM-SLNB should be performed routinely in all breast cancer patients after NAC, for it might help to make clear of the nodal staging and the pathological status of IM-SLN and provide the accurate indication of radiation to the internal mammary area in case of under-stage and under-/over-treatment, expecting to develop the deifnition of pathological complete response (pCR).

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of recombinant human soluble CD(40) ligand (rhsCD(40)L) and CD(40)L cDNA transfected cell (CD(40)L-TC) on the behavior of malignant B lymphocytes, and investigate the possibility of using rhsCD(40)L as a new bio-factor in tumor immunotherapy.

METHODrhsCD(40)L and CD(40)L-TC were obtained by gene recombinant techniques. Multiple myeloma cell lines, XG2, XG7, U266 and 8226, B-lymphoma cell lines, Raji and Daudi were selected to detect responses to rhsCD(40)L and CD(40)L-TC stimulation. Cell growth curve, cell cycle, early apoptosis as well as membrane surface molecules on these cell lines were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) The expression levels of CD(40) molecule on malignant B lymphocytes showed heterogeneity. High level of CD(40) on XG2, moderate on 8266, Raji, and Daudi, and no expression on U266 and XG7 were detected. The rhsCD(40)L stimulation gave rise to a typical homo-type cell aggregation of XG2 and Daudi. Meanwhile, at least 10 to 20 of CD(40)(+) XG2 or CD(40)(+) Daudi cells were found adherent to one pre-treat ed CD(40)L-TC. (2) Co-incubation with rhsCD(40)L (5 micro g/ml), or CD(40)L-TC (tumor cell: CD(40) = 5:1) resulted in a significant inhibition of in vitro cell growth of XG2, Raji and Daudi, with G(1)-phase arrest for XG2 and G(2)-phase for Raji and Daudi. These two kinds of CD(40) stimulators induced XG2, Raji and Daudi cells to apoptosis in vitro. The apoptotic rate for XG2 was 23.3% (rhsCD(40)L) and 18.8% (CD(40)L-TC), for Daudi 14.2% and 15.9%, and for Raji 11.6% and 8.9% respectively. (3) Phenotype analysis showed that CD(95) expression levels were significantly up-regulated on XG2, Raji and Daudi after stimulation with rhsCD(40)L or CD(40)L-TC, and CD(80) and CD(18) expression levels on Raji were respectively enhanced and decreased.

CONCLUSIONThe abilities to directly inhibit XG2, Daudi and Raji cell proliferation, to induce themapoptosis, as well as to up-regulate immune co-stimulator molecule CD(80) expression on Raji cells would make rhsCD(40)L a potential bio-factor for tumor immuno-therapy.

B-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD40 Antigens ; metabolism ; CD40 Ligand ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects

Objective To verify the accuracy of the modified technique for internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy ( IM-SLNB) in breast cancer .Methods In the validation study , the radiotracer was injected with the modified technique , and fluorescence tracer was injected into the peritumoral breast tissue .The radioac-tive IM-SLN was identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and γprobe.The radioactive IM-SLN received bi-opsy during operation .The status of the fluorescence tracer was identified by the fluorescence imaging system . Results A total of 162 patients were enrolled from Sep .2013 to Dec.2014.IM-SLNB was performed in 110 pa-tients.The radiotracer and the fluorescence tracer were identified in the same IM-SLN in 94 cases, and the con-cordance rate was 85.5%(Case-base, Spearman coefficient correlation 0.823, P<0.001).Conclusion Dif-ferent tracers injected into the different sites of the intra-parenchyma can reach the same IM-SLN, proving the ac-curacy of the modified technique and the hypothesis of IM-SLN lymphatic drainage pattern ( IM-SLN receives not only the lymphatic drainage from the primary tumor area but the entire breast parenchyma ) .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for sentinel lymph node(SLN)metastasis,and assess the value of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram in predicting SLN metastasis in breast cancer patients.Methods A sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) database containing 1227 consecutive breast cancer patients(412 patients with a positive SLN)was retrospectively analyzed.The value of MSKCC nomogram was predicted by drawing the trend line and calculating the area under the curve(AUC) of receiver-operator characteristic(ROC). Meanwhile,the risk factors of SLN metastasis were evaluated. Results Tumor size,tumor location,histological grade,lymphovascular invasion,mulifocality,ER and PR status were correlated with SLN metastasis( all P ＜ 0.05 ).All the above factors but tumor location were significant independent predictors for SLN metastasis(all P ＜ 0.01 ).The MSKCC nomogram presented AUC value of 0.730 for ROC.Patients with predictive values lower than 16％ had the frequency of 0.9％ for SLN metastasis while patients with predictive values higher than 70％ had the frequency of 96.2％.ConclusionsThe risk factors of SLN metastasis in our study are consistent with those in MSKCC nomogram.MSKCC nomogram is a useful tool in predicting the probability of SLN metastasis for breast cancer patients.Axillary surgery can be avoided in patients with the predictive values lower than 16％,axillary lymph node dissection could be done in patients with the predictive values higher than 70％,and other patients should still undergo SLNB.