Objective To investigate the features of the memory function disturbance in patients of generalized seizures and the correlation between the memory function and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS).Methods The clinical memory scale of 45 general seizures and 20 normal age and sex-matched controls wss measured and a1 H-MRs was performed in the bilateral hippoeampal.The levels of NAA.Cho.Cr and the ratios of NAA/Cr+Cho were compared between these two groups.Meanwhile,tHe correlation coefficients was calculated and the results of clinical memory scale scoreB and the level of NAA,Cho.Cr and the ratios of NAA/Cr+Cho in groups were compared.Results As compared with the controls.the scores of pointing memory(17.19±5.86),associational learning(20.00±6.77),image free memory(18.44±6.62),association memory of portrait(13.19±6.62)and memory quotient (MQ,79.07±20.20)excepts insignificant figure recognition wcrc significandy decreased in patients of seizures(t=4.794-10.224,all P<0.01);The scores of scale and MQ of both the group of patients who wok antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)and the group of patients whose frequency exceeded 3 per month were significantly lower than the group who didn't take AEDs and the group whose frequency was lower than 3 per month(t=3.267-6.537,all P<0.01).The volumes of hippocampal formations(2.45 ±0.25 on left and 2.56 ±0.31 on right),the level of NAA(12.93 ±1.73 on left and 11.88 ±1.69 on right),Cho(15.02 ±0.86 on left and 14.94 ±0.96 on right),Cr(11.86 ±0.71 on left and 10.71 ±0.42 on right)and the ratios of NAA/Cr+Cho(0.48 ±0.08 on left and 0.39 ±0.07 on riht)in the group of pailents of generalized seizures were significantly difference than those in the controls(t=4.103-5.768,all P<0.01).Patients with seizures showed significant correlation between tlle scores of all items.MQ in clinical memory scale and NAA,NAA/Cr+Cho ratio(r=0.489-0.727,all P<0.01),and inverse correlation between the scores and MQ and Cho of in the bilateral hippocampal(r=-0.604-0.484,all P<0.01).However,there was no correlation between the scores and MQ and Cr of in the bilateral hippocampal.Condusions The patients of the general seizures do have the problem of the disturbance of short-term memory including acoustic memory and some visual memory.Both the high frequency of seizure and AEDs could affect the short-term memory function.The correlation between the scores of all the items and MQ in clinical memory scale proved that lack of nerve cell and hyperplasia of gliocyte was one of the reasons of the short-term memory disorder in epileptic.

Objective To learn the HPV infection situation of gynecological patients ,so as to provide a scientific basis for the epidemiological studies in Chongqing area .Methods Totally 12 196 gynecology clinic patients in January 2010 to December 2013 were registered whose cervical secretions was collected as specimens ,was type testing was carried on by PCR‐reverse dot hybridiza‐tion ,age distribution ,infected type and multiple infection of the patients were counted .Results There were 3 745(30 .8% ) patients with a positive test specimen of 12 196 patients detected in this study ,the high‐risk HPV infection rate was 61 .67% ,the top three high‐risk HPV subtype were HPV58 ,HPV16 and HPV52 ;the low‐risk HPV infection rate was 21 .23% and the main subtypes were HPV6 and HPV43 .The majority of multiple infections was double infection .There were significant differences between each age groups (χ2 =129 .76 ,P<0 .05) ,the paragraph of HPV infection rate present as U shaped curve .Conclusion The HPV in‐fection of gynecology clinic patients in Chongqing area has obvious regional specificity and age differences .HPV58 ,HPV16 and HPV52 should be pay attention in clinical diagnosis .The age group ≤25 and ≥46 years old are two peaks of HPV infections ,and it should be strengthen the screening of the two age groups .

Objective To extract and purify a polysaccharide SEP from eggs of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. and to determine its purity, molecular weight and immunological activity in vitro. Methods The orthogonal design was employed to obtain the best possible combination of the critical parameters for polysaccharide extraction. By ultrafiltration, DE-AE Sepharose Fast Flow anion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-400 gel filtration chromatography, the deproteinated crude polysaccharide was purified. The homogeneity of SEP was proved by HPLC, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and paper chromatography. Its molecular weight was determined by HPGPC in reference to standVd T-series Dextran. Lymphocyte proliferation assay was made to investigate the immuno-modulating activity of SEP. Results and Conclusion The results indicated SEP was a homogeneous polysaccharide. Its molecular weight was about 1950KD. SEP increased remarkably spleen lymphocyte proliferation. The homogeneous polysaccharide SEP showed significantly immunological activity in vitro.

Objective To study bioactive metabolite produced by marine actinomyces M326.Methods Based on the index of antimicrobial activity,the relation between activity of metabolite and conditions of culture in different media and time were researched,and the stability of bioactive metabolite treated with different temperatures and pH were obseved,and the bioactive ingredients were extracted and separated by organic solvent and by macroporous resin.Results The GBP medium made by artificial seawater or distilled water were suitable for production of strong bioactive metabolites.The antimicrobial substances were stable under pH 2～11 and were heat-resistant under strong acidic condition.It could not be extracted by usual organic solvent,but could be absorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin under alkaline situation.Conclusion The metabolites have strong activity against gram-positive bacteria and have different antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria and drug-resistant strains moreover,the polarity of antimicrobial substances is strong.

OBJECTIVE To know the clinical antibacterial use by line category in pediatric outpatients and emergency departments.METHODS The antibacterial use by line category from the 38998 prescriptions of pediatric outpatient and emergency departments of a hospital from Jul 1st to Dec 31st 2008 according to the medicament amount and frequency were surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS First-line antibacterial drug DDDs accounted for 37.4% and 24.7% of the total amount;second-line drug DDDs accounted for 48.7% and 40.8% of the total amount and the third-line drug DDDs accounted for 13.9% and 35.0% of the total amount.The top three by total amount were cefmetazole sodium injection,azithromycin sodium injection and Cefuroxime sodium injection.According to the sorting method of DDDs,the top three were cefprozil dry suspension,azithromycin sodium injection and amoxicillin sodium clavulanate potassium injection.CONCLUSIONS Frequency of the third-line antibacterial drug using is relatively high.Clinicians have a tendency to skip a line category in using drugs.Effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of antibacterials.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety degree of treating children's cough variant asthma for mite allergy with Montelukast sodium combined with Flixotide. Methods Forty cases of infant patients with cough variant asthma for mite allergy in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from February 2012 to Octo-ber 2013 were taken as research subjects and randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each group 20 cases. The control group was treated with Flixotide aerosol;the treatment group took extra medicine Montelukast sodium chewable tablets. The treatment period covered half a year. After treatment both groups were observed for 3 months. During the treatment period the recovery process of clinical symptoms and adverse reaction of all the infant patients were observed and recorded. The data was analyzed with statistical software SPSS 17. 0. Results The duration of cough im-proved and solved in treatment group in the acute phase was(5. 82 ± 0. 90)d,much shorter than that of the control group[(6. 54 ± 1. 30)d],and the difference was of statistical significance(P ﹤ 0. 05). In the procedure,4 times of cough scores of treatment group[(3. 90 ± 0. 90)scores,(0. 90 ± 0. 30)scores,(0. 70 ± 0. 30)scores,(1. 90 ± 0. 70) scores]declined apparently more than those of control group[(4. 10 ± 0. 70)scores,(1. 20 ± 0. 40)scores,(1. 30 ± 0. 50)scores,(2. 40 ± 0. 80)scores];the difference was of statistical significance(all P ﹤ 0. 05);and the both were rebounded after 3 months without medicine. In terms of pulmonary function PD20,the patients in treatment group [(0. 46 ± 0. 08)mg vs(1. 76 ± 0. 07)mg]showed better improvement than those in control group[(0. 46 ± 0. 07) mg vs(1. 70 ± 0. 07)mg],and the difference was of statistical significance(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions Treating chil-dren's cough variant asthma for mite allergy with Montelukast sodium combined with Flixotide is of good therapy effect in the acute phase and the control phase,worthy of further clinical application.

Objective To develop a multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based assay for rapid detection of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM in high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Methods After analyzing the uncleotide sequence divergence among D-Ala∶D-Lac ligase genes, an multiplex PCR assay for vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes in high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci were designed.By using recombination plasmids containing vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes as positive control, and non-vancomycin resistant enterococci (non-VRE) common pathogenic bacterial DNA as negative control, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated.Fifty vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates were detected by the assay.Fifty clinical strains of VRE were isolated from 9 hospitals in Shanghai from January 2006 to December 2014.The results were compared with the conventional PCR and sequencing methods.Results The identity of the D-Ala∶D-Lac ligase genes were 60.8%-71.3% of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes.The multiplex PCR assay could identify the genotypes of the positive control samples accurately.No false positive results were found in negative control samples.Among fifty VRE strains detected by the assay, 18 were vanA genotype and 32 were vanM genotype.Comparison of the multiplex PCR assay and sequencing methods revealed sensitivity and specificity of 100%.The detection limit of the assay was 2×10 copies/PCR reaction.The experiment could be done within 3.5 h.Conclusions A multiplex PCR assay is developed to rapid identify the genotype of the high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci, which can be used for the molecular epidemiology research and detection of VRE.

Objective To investigate the role of KiSS-1 and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)9 in trophoblasts in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and their relation to perinatal outcome of neonates. Methods RT-PCR and western blot analyses were used to detect the MMP-9 and KiSS-1 expression levels in trophoblast of 40 patients with preeclampsia (15 cases of mild and 25 cases of severe preeclampsia)(preeclampsia group) and 20 cases of term pregnancy (normal pregnancy group) and their correlations with symptoms and perinatal outcome of neonates were analyzed. Results (1) The KiSS-1mRNA and metastin expression levels in trophoblasts of preeclampsia group were 1.73?0.24 (A value) and (78.4?8.0) ?g/ 100 ?g total protein separately,those of mild preeclampsia were (1.50?0.15) and (72.4?6.9) ?g/ 100 ?g total protein , and severe preeclampsia were (1.87?0.20) and (83.52?3.57) ?g/100 ?g total protein , which were all significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group [1.24?0.25, P

Objective The article was to analyze the payment structure of hospitalized urban employees receiving basic medi -cal insurance and the factors affecting the payment structure , resulting in measures to control the in-hospital fee of Medicare patients . Methods Statistical analysis was done on hospitalization expenses , expense composition and payment structure of hospitalized Medi-care patients in a first-class comprehensive hospital from 2002 to 2012 .The analysis of multiple stepwise regression were done on possi-ble influencing factors of hospitalization expenses and payment structure . Results With the adjustment of health policy , the propor-tion of medical insurance fund payment in the hospitalization expenses increased year by year , while the individual payment-scale re-duced accordingly .The hospitalization expenses and payment structure of Medicare patients were correlated with Medicare payment pol -icy, social demographic characteristics and clinical disease features . Conclusion By rational control on controllable factors , empha-sis on health care education , adjustment on Medicare payment policy and promotion on two way referral system , it is hopeful to realize the effective utilization of health resources , to achieve reasonable control on medical costs , and to reduce patients'economic burden .

Objective To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and CTS-associated cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR),and to examine the relationship between CTS and CSR. Methods The clinical characteristics and electrodiagnostic features of 81 patients with CTS and 20 patients with both CTS and CSR (the double crush,DC) were analyzed and compared.The data were analyzed according to the severity of the deficit in median nerve conduction using electromyography. Results The 81 patients with CTS had 123 median nerves with abnormal conduction (39 cases with unilateral abnormalities and 42 cases with bilateral abnormalities).The 20 patients with DC had 31 median nerves with abnormal conduction (9 cases with unilateral abnormalities and 11 cases with bilateral abnormalities).The rate of abnormal sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) was 100％ in C6 and C7 level radiculopathies.The rate of abnormal distal motor latency (DML) was 92.31％ in C5 level radiculopathies.There was a statistically significant difference between CTS and DC in the rate of abnormal SCV from the middle finger to the wrist.The other electrodiagnostic data were not significantly different between the CTS and DC patients.Neurophysiological tests were used to grade CTS into categories according to the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine's criteria,but there was no statistically significant difference between CTS and DC. Conclusions CSR lesions on a proximal nerve root may cause the nerve to be more susceptible to distal injury and increase the risk of CTS.The findings support the DC hypothesis,but DC on a median nerve did not result in more severe injury than a single crush.