Objective To optimize the extraction procedures of compound Three-Flower-Tea (CTFT) by orthogonal design. Methods After having established the methods of quantifying the chlorogenic acid by TLC-UV, the orthogonal design was used to select the best extraction procedures, using chlorogenic acid content and extract yield as the measuring index, through controlling four different factors, naming extraction temperature (A), extraction time (B), watervolume added (C) and extraction number of times (D), and three levels at each factor. Result The effective factors which influenced the extraction procedures were A, C and D. Conclusion The optimum extraction procedures for CTFT should be 15-fold water volume, three-time decocting with 20 minutes per time at temperature of 100 ℃.

Xanthone and its derivatives occupy a large part of the family of natural polyphenolic compounds with various biological and pharmacological activities.In recent years (from 2006 to 2011),it was reported that 127 xanthones were discovered from plants and fungi using various modem separation methods including silica gel/polyamide column chromatography,HPLC,high-speed counter-current chromatography,high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography,etc.Since total synthesis and structure modification for xanthone and its derivatives have been given attention worldwide,we introduced the synthetic methods of xanthone skeletons as well.Unfortunately,to date,there are still weaknesses in current methods of separation and synthesis,which need to be improved.This review,to a certain extent,provides necessary foundation for the further research and development of medicines containing xanthone and its derivatives.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of related substances in bifonazole raw material. METH-ODS:HPLC method was performed on the column of Kromasil C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.02 mol/L phosphoric acid(ad-justed pH to 7.5 with triethylamine)(70:30,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 258 nm,volume injection was 20 μl,and the column temperature was 40 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.05-0.25 μg/ml for bifonazole(r=0.9996), 0.05-0.25 μg/ml for impurity A(bifonol)(r=0.9997)and 0.05-0.25 μg/ml for impurity B(4-C isomer)(r=0.9995);the detec-tion limits were 8.2 ng/ml,7.5 ng/ml and 8.4 ng/ml,and the quantification limits were 27.1 ng/ml,24.7 ng/ml and 27.8 ng/ml,re-spectively;RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery of impurity B was 95.13%-101.29%(RSD=1.89%,n=9);both impurity A and impurity B were were detected in the 3 batches of samples. CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,sensitive and reproducible,and can be used for the determination of the related substances in bifonazole raw material.

OBJECTIVE:To provide ideas for revise and improve the standard and related method of the quality control of ben-zalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Ⅱ). METHODS:The standards and related methods of the quality control of benzalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,Ⅱ),British Pharmacopoeia(2013 edition),European Pharmacopoeia (7.0 edition) and United States Pharmacopoeia (36 edition) were comprehensively compared. RESULTS:Com-pared with Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition,Ⅱ),the standards abroad provided the component and the ratio of the benzalko-nium chloride substituted homolog,the method for ammonia compound test had higher sensibility,it also added the test for benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde and benzyl chloride impurity,as well as the component ratio test and average relative molecular mass calcu-lation. CONCLUSIONS:The standard and related method of the quality control of benzalkonium chloride in Chinese Pharmacopoe-ia(2015 edition,Ⅱ)still need to be further improved.

BACKGROUND:Deluxe-PS knee prosthesis is designed based on the anatomical characteristics of the Chinese peoples’ knee joint, especial y the morphological features of femoral condyle. The distance between median and lateral knee prosthesis femoral condyle is less than that of the imported prosthesis for 3.5 mm.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the short-term efficacy of Deluxe-ps knee prosthesis in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:Fifteen knee osteoarthritis patients (30 knees) were included as the experimental group, and treated with simultaneous bilateral knee arthroplasty by Deluxe-ps knee prosthesis. Twenty patients (40 knees) in the control group were treated with simultaneous bilateral knee arthroplasty by PFCSigma knee prosthesis. The knee society score, hospital for special surgery knee score and knee joint range of motion were compared between two groups;the operation time and the intraoperative blood loss were compared between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The patients in both groups were fol owed-up for 12 to 24 months, with an average of 16 months. Postoperative knee pain was relieved, and the joint function was recovered satisfactorily. The knee society score, hospital for special surgery knee score and knee joint range of motion in two groups were improved significantly after treatment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative knee society score, hospital for special surgery knee score and knee joint range of motion between two groups (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between two groups (P>0.05), while there was significant difference in operation time between two groups (P<0.05). The results showed that the short-term effect of Deluxe-ps knee prosthesis in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty was satisfied.

Objective: To study the expression and localization of apoptosis-related protein TFAR19 in TF-1 cells undergoing apoptosis. Methods: Using monoclonal antibody against TFAR19, the expression level and cell localization of TFAR19 were examined by fluorescence microscope, confocal laser scan microscope(CLSM) and flow cytometry. Simultaneously, we also analyzed the relationship of TFAR19 protein with phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and cell nuclear DNA fragmentation. Results: The level of TFAR19 proteins expressed in TF-1 cells treated with GM-CSF withdrawal was significantly increased compared with normal TF-1 cells, then translocated rapidly from cytoplasm to the nucleus of cells. Appearance of TFAR19 in the nucleus of apoptotic cells preceded the detection of PS externalization and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion: Nuclear translocation of TFAR19 protein is one of the earliest events of cell apoptotic process. These data provided a new clue to further approach to the biological function of TFAR19 and study of cell apoptosis.

Objective:To evaluate the quality status of lithium carbonate tablets and lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets. Methods:The samples were examined in accordance with the statutory standard,and the exploratory studies were carried out. The results were statistically analyzed. Results:In accordance with the statutory standard,among 120 batches of samples, only one was unqualified in dissolution,and the others were qualified. The qualified rate was 99. 2% . Conclusion:The quality of the most products meets the current standard and the quality evaluation standard needs to be improved.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence of carotid artery abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the related risk factors affecting the occurrence of carotid artery abnormalities.Methods:A total of 169 regular follow-up outpatients with HIV/AIDS from April 2003 to December 2019 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, whose carotid artery ultrasound examination were performed from July 2015 to December 2019 were included. The patients were divided into young (≤44 years old), middle-aged and elderly (≥45 years old) according to their ages, and the physical examination data of the included patients were collected.The statistical methods were logistic regression analysis and single sample t test. Results:Among the 169 HIV/AIDS patients, 40(23.7%) had abnormal carotid artery and 129(76.3%) had no abnormal carotid artery. Middle-aged and elderly people (odds ratio ( OR)=3.85, 95%confidence interval (95% CI) 1.54-9.65, P<0.01), hypertension ( OR=6.24, 95% CI 1.95-20.00, P<0.01), hyperlipidemia ( OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.00-5.93, P<0.05), and elevated human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR + CD8 + /CD8 + ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P<0.05) were the risk factors for carotid artery abnormality. The common carotid artery inner medium film thickness (IMT) of patients in HIV/AIDS group Ⅰ (20 to 30 years old), group Ⅱ (31 to 40 years old), group Ⅲ (41 to 50 years old) were (0.061 0±0.001 2), (0.062 9±0.001 4) and (0.065 6±0.002 6) cm, respectively, which were thicker than the control groups ((0.051±0.003), (0.056±0.004) and (0.063±0.002) cm, respectively). The differences were all statistically significant ( t=5.119, 4.775 and 1.739, respectively, all P<0.05). The common carotid artery IMT of patients in HIV/AIDS group A (30 to 44 years old) and group B (45 to 59 years old) were (0.062 6±0.001 1) and (0.072 3±0.003 4) cm, respectively, which were thicker than the control groups ((0.052±0.011) and (0.064±0.015) cm, respectively), the differences were both statistically significant ( t=9.520 and 3.012, respectively, both P<0.01). Conclusion:Younger HIV-positive people have a higher probability of abnormal carotid arteries and may be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease than HIV-negative people of the same age, suggesting that HIV-positive people, especially young people, should be examined early with ultrasound of the neck arteries to detect abnormalities and intervene as soon as possible.

Objective To explore what kind of strategies should be adopted by the medical disciplines of comprehensive universities in China,taking into account and respect the particularity nature of medical science,inspiring innovative creation to build the First-Class disciplines.Methods Literature review and quantitative research were adopted in this paper.By reviewing published articles to better understand the special laws of medical disciplines and identify current development problems.Furthermore,the data from ESI,QS Ranking,and the Ministry of Education were collected to reveal problems and to propose strategies.Results The future development of Medicine disciplines possesses the characteristics of integration,technology dependence,heterogeneity,etc.In the new era of building world-class disciplines and first-class universities,compared with international first-class disciplines,peaks of medical disciplines in Chinese universities are still relatively scarce.The comprehensive university medical discipline should adhere to the principle of ‘connotative development’.In the process of construction,medical discipline should pay full attention to cross-integration,promote cross-disciplinary,adjust and optimize the former system.Strengthen the construction of new disciplines development to build medical disciplines with distinctive features.Optimize top-level design to foster disciplines peaks.Attach great importance to the construction of talents to build up high-level talent team with sustainable development ability.Emphasize on medical education to improve the quality of personnel training.Promote institutional innovation to activate the vitality of integration.Build an effective evaluation system to promote construction.Conclusions With the premise of fully respecting the special laws and characteristics,the medical discipline constructions of comprehensive universities should be guided by the future development model of medicine and clinical needs,and adhered to the ‘connotative development’.With the development of medical disciplines,the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment will be improved,the original innovation will be enhanced,as well as the social service capabilities of comprehensive universities,furthermore,the frontiers of scientific development and national strategic development needs will be effectively supported.

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of recurrence in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. Methods:The clinical data of 168 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy（PTX） from June 2017 to May 2019 were collected. The prediction model was constructed by using Akaike information criterion（AIC） to screen factors. A total of 158 patients treated with PTX from June 2019 to September 2021 were included in the validation set to conduct external validation of the model in three aspects of differentiation, consistency and clinical utility. Results:The prediction model we constructed includes different dialysis methods, ectopic parathyroid gland, the iPTH level at one day and one month after surgery, the number of excisional parathyroid and postoperative blood phosphorus. The C index of external validation of this model is 0.992 and the P value of the Calibration curve is 0.886[KG0.5mm]1. The decision curve analysis also shows that the evaluation effect of this model is perfect. Conclusion:The prediction model constructed in this study is useful for individualized prediction of recurrence after PTX in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Humans ; Parathyroidectomy/methods* ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Retrospective Studies ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery* ; Parathyroid Glands ; Recurrence ; Calcium