Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura (HSP) is the common form of systemic vasculitis in children,which characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin E within the small vessels.The long-term prognosis of HSP depends on the severity of renal involvement.Renal involvement in HSP affects 10％-100％ patients and the clinical manifestations vary from microscopic hematuria to nephritic/nephritic syndrome even renal dysfunction.Early diagnosis,early treatment and long-term follow-up affect the prognosis of HSP patients.As for the treatment of HSP nephritis (HSPN),there have been many reports dealing with the immunosuppressive agents.Now glucocorticoid is the first-line treatment for HSPN,and other immunosuppressive agents offer more choices to treat HSPN especially for severe HSPN.But,the use of immunosuppressive agents still needs large sample multicenter randomized controlled trials and evidence-based study.

Objective To investigate the effect oflevecamitine on nutrition,microinflammation status in ma-intenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Forty two MHD patients were selected, who had undergone he-modialysis for at least two months before the study. One gram of levoeamitine was injecfed to the patients at the end of each dialysis treatment for six months. The parameters of inflammation stress were studied. Results After treatment with levocarnitine for six months, the average levels of dry body weight decreased markedly. ( P<0.05 ), The aver-age serum levels of C2reaetive protein (CRP),interleuldn26 (IL26) ,tumor necrosis factor2α(TNF2α), (P<0.01 ). Difference was not significant between serum lipid parameters before and after the treatment. Conclusion Intravenous supplement with levocamitine in MHD patients, appears to be associated with an improvement of nutrition and mieroinflammation status.

Objective To explore visual-spatial working memory deficits of patients with basal ganglia damage, based on which tried to provide the new method for detecting the injuries in basal ganglia. Methods Twenty-five patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and twenty-five healthy controls performed visual-spatial working memory tasks, including a face-recognition and a spatial delayed-response. Results For the basal ganglia damage group ,the correct rate of both visual- face ( 54.5 ± 9.6 ) % and visual-spatial ( 80.0 ± 11.7 ) % working memory tasks was significantly lower than that of the control group ( ( 64.3 ± 9.5 ) %, ( 93.6 ± 4.9) %, respectively) ,and the difference was statistically significant ( u= - 147.5,80.5, P＜0. 01 ). For the patients injured in the left basal ganglia, the correct rate of visual- face working memory (48.5 ± 5.4 )% was obviously lower than that of patients injured in the right basal ganglia ( 59.2 ± 9.8 ) %, and the difference was statistically significant ( u =25.5, P＜0. 01 ) ;but the difference of correct rate for the visual-space working memory was not statistically significant( u = 52.5, P＞ 0.05 ). In contrast to the controls, both the visual-face and visual-space working memory of the group with injuries in basal ganglia,had appeared to be disable. Conclusions The results confirmed that patients with lesions in basal ganglia had deficits of visual-spatial working memory,and that injuries either in the left or the right basal ganglia can probably cause the shiftiness of cognitive function. Therefore, the injuries in basal ganglia can be detected by the visual-spatial working memory tests.

Objective To evaluate the effects of smecta in prolonged hemorrhagic shock.Methods The modified Wigger's method was used to induce hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rabbits.Twenty-nine rabbits were randomly divided into hemorrhagic shock group(n=14),smecta group(n=15),with smecta solution being administered via a gavage tube before shock.The plasma levels of endotoxin,tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?),interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide(NO) were detected at pre-shock and post-shock,immediately after resuscitation and 2h after resuscitation.Blood culture was done at pre-shock,immediately after resuscitation,2h after resuscitation.The survival rates of 24h and 48h were observed.Results The plasma levels of endotoxin,TNF?,IL-6 and NO markedly increased after shock,and were maintained at high level in shock group (P

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of transradial puncture route for digital subtraction angiography (DSA)in young patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods One hundred young patients with cerebrovascular disease who underwent whole brain angiography at the Department of Neurology,the 81 st Hospital of PLA were enrolled. They were divided into either a radial group (n =50)or a femoral group (n = 50)using a computer random number method. The time of puncture,success rate of puncture,success rate of selective angiography,exposure time,and incidence of complications were compared and analyzed. Results (1)The puncture time of the radial group was significantly longer than that of the femoral group,they were 3. 00 ± 0. 50 min and 1. 50 ± 0. 25 min respectively. There was significant difference (t = 18. 97,P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in the success rate of puncture (98% vs. 100%),success rate of selective angiography (100% vs. 100%),and exposure time (5. 3 ± 2. 2 vs. 4. 8 ± 1. 7 min)between the two groups (all P > 0. 05). (2)The incidence of complications of the radial group (4%,n = 2)was significantly 1ower than that of the femoral group (18%,n = 9 ). There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 5. 01,P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Transradial route puncture for whole brain DSA in young patients with cerebrovascular disease is safely and feasible.

ObjectiveTheaimofthisstudywastoprovideabetterpositivecontrolforallergictestbycomparing the allergic effect of two kinds of positive materials , human albumin and ovalbumin , on active systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pig.Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into 14 groups, and were given human albumin , ovalbumin (2, 10, 100 mg/animal), or 0.9%sodium chloride injection as test substances , to assess the symptoms and incidence of systemic allergic responses induced by different sensitizing substances in different challenge doses and different challenge intervals.Results In the range of 2 to 100 mg/animal, the guinea pigs showed a 100%incidence rate of positive allergic reaction to human albumin and ovalbumin , the severity of anaphylactic symptoms was increasing along with the increase of sensitizing doses and challenge doses , and the allergic reaction was more strong induced by the same dose of ovalbumin than human albumin .Conclusions Our findings indicate that in the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs , we recommend ovalbumin as the positive control in a dose of 2 mg/animal.

Objective To investigate the situation of knowledge,attitude and practice of physical restraint from nurses for critical parents in secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals in Hubei province.Methods 300 nurses from four tertiary hospitals and four secondary hospitals were investigated for the situation of knowledge,attitude and practice of physical restraint by questionnaires.Results It showed that nurses had a good knowledge of physical restraint,(11.02±1.96),their attitude of physical restraint tended to be neutral,(34.99±3.52),the practice of physical restraint turned out to be at meddle-up level,(51.90±6.67).There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of physical restraint knowledge and practice between nurses who receive physical restraint train or not after they got a job,besides,there was also statistically significant difference in the scores of physical restraint knowledge between intensive department and non-intensive department,tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals,however there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of physical restraint attitude and practice between them.Conclusions Compared with non-intensive department and secondary hospitals,the nurse managers of intensive department and tertiary hospitals should strengthen the training and education of physical restraint of clinical nurses,guide the nurses to build the positive attitude of physical restraint,to reduce the use of preventive physical restraint and then to promote their quality of practice on physical restraint.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth.Methods :35 cases of impacted supernumerary teeth were included.Excluding extraction contraindications,preoperative X-ray or dental CT examina-tion was executed to find out the location of the impacted teeth and adjacent anatomical structures.According to the location,operation approach was selected to extract the impacted supernumerary teeth using minimally invasive apparatus.Intraoperative and postoperative feeling of the patients and the complications were recorded.Results:Operation time lasted from 1 0 to 40 minutes,average 1 5 minutes. All patients maintained good comfort in the operation.8.6% patients had postoperative adverse reactions such as mild pain and discom-fort.None had serious reactions.Conclusion:Minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth has less complication and less uncomfort.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and faux pas task involving ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed on the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls on task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F=278.756,P ＜0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux pas Questions:29.0± 4.0 vs.41.2 ± 4.4,F =81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the faux pas showed no significant difference compared to health controls group (F =3.508,P =0.069 ; F =1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.