Objective To investigate current status of diagnosis, treatment and referral of pulmonary tuberculosis in general hospital. Methods Statistical reports of hospital work, notification forms of tuberculosis (TB) cases on the internet, registration book of laboratory sputum mgcobacteria examinations, statistical reports of X-ray examinations for outpatient department, referral forms for mycobacteria patients, medical records for hospitalized patients at the respiratory ward of the People's Hospital, Peking University during August 2005 to July 2006 were reviewed and analyzed. Results In outpatient pulmonary department, there were 45 055 visitors during the period of August 2005 to July 2006,and 4960 of them (11.0%) had their chest X-ray examined, 1 512 (3.4%) had sputum mycobacteria examined with smear-positive in 24 cases, 189 (0.4%) were referred to specialized TB dispensaries for further diagnosis and 183 with notification forms with a notification rate of 96.8%, and 30 (0.1%) were finally diagnosed as TB after hospitalization with an interval less than 14 days between onset of symptoms and diagnosis in 27 of the 30 (90.0%) and 26 were referred to a specialized TB dispensary (86.7%) for treatment. Conclusions On general, detection, diagnosis and referral of TB in People's Hospital of Peking University are in a good situation.However,more aUenfion should be paid to the following aspects：① quantity and quality of sputum myeobacteria examinations for outpatients should be improved further,②chest radiograph reading by radiologists and clinicians need to be improved,and ③consciousness of early detection for TB need to be enforced in physicians by bronchoscopy and pathological diagnosis,especially in those with complicated and difficultly diagnosed smear-negative TB.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of compound glycyrrhizin(SNMC)combining artificial liver on severe hepatitis.METHODS:58patients with severe hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups,for the control group,apart from the basic treatment,each of them was also given plasmapheresis or hemoperfusion every3d～5d for5～10times ac?cording to their state of illness;For the treatment group,they were treated with SNMC apart from the therapy of the control group.RESULTS:The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were64.52%and40.74%,respec?tively,thus significant differences existed between the2groups(P

Combined with the partial least square regression, the oc tane number (RON), density, temperature evaporate (50%,90%), aromatics and olefi n concentration of gasoline were determined by the Fourier transform infrared spe ctroscopy at the wavenumber region of 1550～660cm－1. The experimenta l results showed that the actual values measured by the standard method were agre e with the prediction values by the proposed method.

A wide range of uncomfortable symptoms are attributed to menopause.It is also during this time that women are at increasing risk of poor medical conditions such as osteoporosis,cancers and dementia.Most physicians pay attention to the proper selection of effective and reasonable therapeutic methods,unfortunately,no agreement exists on the clinical recommendations and choice.The article reviewed hormone replacement therapy(HRT),common therapy and traditional medical therapy.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and faux pas task involving ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed on the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls on task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F=278.756,P ＜0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux pas Questions:29.0± 4.0 vs.41.2 ± 4.4,F =81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the faux pas showed no significant difference compared to health controls group (F =3.508,P =0.069 ; F =1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Type B insulin resistance (TBIR) is a rare disease caused by the presence of insulin receptor autoantibodies (IRA).African middle-aged women are predisposed to it.Most patients have an underlying autoimmune disease,most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The patients predominantly present with abnormalities of glucose homeostasis ranging from extreme insulin resistance and symptomatic hyperglycemia to lifethreatening hypoglycemia,usually accompanied with manifestation of insulin resistance such as acanthosis nigricans,hyperandrogenism,and polycystic ovary.The diagnosis can be established by the elevation of IRA.We herewith report a ease of TBIR complicated with SLE,and the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of TBIR are reviewed.

Objective To characterize social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component of theory of mind(TOM) in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 19 patients with idiopathic PD and 20 demographic-matched health subjects were included in this study.They were assessed by using Reading the Mind in the Eyes and Faux Pas task involving ToM socialperceptual component and social-cognitive component.The severity of PD was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale.Results Significant difference was found between PD group and health controls in task involving ToM social-perceptual component (mind Reading:17.1 ± 3.1 vs.30.4 ± 1.7,F =278.756,P＜ 0.001),test involving social-cognitive component (Faux Pas Questions:29.0 ± 4.0 vs.41.2±4.4,F=81.647,P＜0.001).While the ability to identify sex and control questions of the Faux Pas showed no significant difference as compared to health controls group (F=3.508,P=0.069;F=1.063,P =0.309).Conclusions The ToM social-perceptual component and social-cognitive component are both impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To explore the factors of treatment adherence for patients with hypertension.Methods Data were collected among 520 patients with essential hypertension from 2009 to 2010.It investigated the factors of treatment adherence for patients with hypertension by self-report scales.Results Structural equation model analysis showed age,self-rated health,self-eificacy,quality of life,family function and health concept were all directly associated with treatment adherence,and these variables explained 52.0％ of the total variance.Self-efficacy and quality of life were regarded as mediators in predicting treatment adherence of hypertensive patients,other variables indirectly affected adherence behavior by two mediators.Age and self-efficacy showed a strong independent predictive role to adherence.Conclusions Healthcare providers should take effective measures to improve treatment adherence for patients with hypertension based on patients characteristic once they make reasons for adherence clear,which can enhance quality of life,control blood pressure and prevent complications.

Objective This article aimed to investigate the treatment adherence of patients with hypertension and examine determinants of adherence.Methods A longitudinal design was adopted to test the treatment adherence and correlated factors of patients with hypertension twice from 2009 to 2012.The influencing factors of treatment adherence in patients with hypertension were analyzed.Results A total of 520 patients finished the first investigation,and 331 patients completed the second investigation.The comparison of demographic characteristics between patients who participated the second investigation or not showed no significant difference except for the education degree (x2=9.38).The incidences of symptoms and complications,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive patients and the laboratory indexes such as serum creatinine (SCr),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL),high density lipoprotein (HDL),fasting blood-glucose and postprandial blood sugar in the second investigation were lower than those of the first investigation,but the difference showed no statistical significance.The scores of treatment adherence,self-efficacy,social support,quality of life were higher in the second investigation than those of the first investigation.The multiple regression analysis found that treatment adherence,social support,education degree and duration of disease course were significant predictors in the first investigation entered the equation,accounting for 26％ of the total variance,among which treatment adherence explained 15％ of the variance,social support 7％,education degree 3％ and duration of disease course 1％.Conclusions The treatment adherence of hypertensive patients improved over one year follow-up.Healthcare providers should pay attention to adherence behavior at initial phase of disease development,and effective strategies targeted patients at risk are suggested to be necessary and should be designed according to the factors affecting adherence.

Objective To evaluate the difference in isokinetic strength of the knee muscles between knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients aged 80 years and over and matched healthy controls,and to establish the association of isokinetic strength with pain and functional status in patients with KOA.Methods The study enrolled 32 patients aged 80 and over diagnosed with unilateral knee OA and 10 matched controls.Pain was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS),the pain intensity scale and the Lequesne index for patients with knee OA.Functional status was assessed by the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT),the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) and the Timed 10 Meter Walk Test (TWT).Muscle strength was measured using the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 4 Pro.Bilateral isokinetic (concentric) knee flexion and extension with the protocol of 60 degrees/sec,180 degrees/sec was also performed.Results The difference in two angular velocities of extensor and flexor peak torques between the knee OA group and the control group was statistically significant (t=2.747,P＜ 0.05).The extensor peak torque was negatively correlated with age,Liquesce index scores,FTSST,TUGT and TWT (r=-0.39～～-0.75,P＜0.05),but had no correlation with the VAS score or the Lequesne index pain score (r=-0.23～ 0.31,P＞0.05).The regression analysis results suggested that the extensor peak torque and the VAS score together were important predictors for the Liquesce index (adjusted R2 =0.41).Conclusions The degree of knee muscle damage is closely related to the functional performance of the muscles in knee OA patients aged 80 years or over.The strength of the quadriceps and the intensity of pain are important predictors of disability for those patients.