OBJECTIVE:To realize automatic central drug dispensing model in hospital pharmacy.METHODS:The construction,running condition,major function and flow-sheet of automatic oral drug dispensing system of our hospital was introduced,and the automatic drug dispensing system was compared with traditional dispensing system.RESULTS:The automatic oral drug dispensing system could enhance the speed and accuracy of drug dispensing,shorten waiting time of nurse,improve health condition and decrease medicine pollution.CONCLUSION:The automatic oral drug dispensing system is suitable for drug dispensing in hospitals and conducive to the enhancing of pharmaceutical care level.

Background The extraocular muscles (EOMs) Pulley in primate is related to the function of EOMs,but there are arguments about that.The location of rabbit's eyes is different from the primate.Study on the structure of the extraocular muscle connective tissue in rabbit may play a role to analyze the function of the EOMs Pulley.Objective The structure of the connective tissue around EOMs in rabbit was studied,the difference between this structure in rabbit and homan' s EOMs Pulley in past reports was analyzed,and then,the role of EOMs Pulley to ocular movement was investigated.Methods Five adult rabbits were involved.The gross anatomy of an orbit in each rabbit was observed.The other orbit was processed with paraffin imbedding and coronal serial sections.A murine monocolonal antibody to α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was used to show the smooth muscle,while Weigert stain was used to show muscle and collagen,and Masson trichrome stain to show the elastin.Results An encircling ring of collagen circled every EOM.The collagen ring was thin and connected to the orbital layer muscle fiber loosely.Collagen tissues coupled to adjacent EOMs.Less elastin fibers and scanty the smooth muscle cells were embedded in the collagen.Conclusions The connective tissue around rectus in rabbit is different from that in human with developed binocular ocular movements.It shows that connective tissue around EOMs may be related to the function of ocular movements.

Objective:To provide the basis for postoperative nutritional support,exp lore the appropriate support methods and its influnce on rehabilitation in postoperative patients with laryngea l carcinoma.Methods:285 patients with laryngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into therapy group and control group.The therapy group (161 patients)was given homogenate diet and the control group(124 patients) was given mixed mi lk by nasal feeding 5-6 times per day.The nutritional index and occurr ence of pharyrgeal fistula were monitored at preoperation,7th and 14th days postopera tion r espectively.The duration of hospitalization of each patient was recorded at the same time. Results:The decreasing of the nutritional index w as significantly lower in the therapy group than in the control group(P<0.0 5).The duration of hospitalization was shortented to about 12 days, and the incidence of pharyngeal fistul a was reduced to 11%.Conclusion:The appropriate nutrition may decrease the incidence of pharyngeal fistula,shorten the mean duration in hospital and reduce the economic burden of postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

AIM　To study bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metablites terbutaline in 20 healthy male volunteers. METHODS　A single oral dose of domestic or imported bambuteral tablet was given according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The plasma bambuteral and terbutaline concentrations were determined by HPLC/MS. RESULTS　The pharmacokinetic parametrs of domestic and imported bambuteral: AUC0-t were (52±21) μg*h*L-1 and (51±20) μg*h*L-1, Tmax were (2.9±0.9) h and (2.6±0.7) h, Cmax were (6.0±2.6) μg*L-1 and (6.2±2.9) μg*L-1, T1/2Ke were (11.2±2.3) h and (11.2±1.9) h, respectively; terbutaline: AUC0-t were (191±30) μg*h*L-1 and (197±37) μg*h*L-1; Tmax were (4.2±1.0) h and (4.2±1.0) h; Cmax were (10±5) μg*L-1 and (10±4) μg*L-1; T1/2Ke were (20±3) h and (21±4) h, respectively. The bioavaiability of the domestics was 102%±8% (bambuteral) and 100%±12% (terbutaline). CONCLUSION　The results demonstrate that the two forms of bambuteral and terbutaline were bioequivalent by analysis of variance, two-one sided test and 90% confidential limit.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the irrational use of vancomycin to treat infections of the patients with severe renal dysfunction.METHODS:Combining the results of blood concentration monitoring for vancomycin and the clinical symptoms with Micromedex Kinetidex,we evaluated whether the vancomycin was administered rationally when the infected patients with severe renal dysfunction were treated.RESULTS:It really existed that the vancomycin was irra?tionally used among these three patients:①The first loading doses did not match the saturation principle.②Administration interval did not be regulated in time along with the T 1/2 change.③The clinical doctors did not clearly understand that the hem_ odialysis can not efficiently remove vancomycin from the blood.CONCLUSION:For the infected patients with severe renal dysfunction,it is necessary to monitor the serum concentration of vancomycin in order to insure the rational use of vancomycin to treat these infected patients.

Objective To summarize and analyze the effect of hand hygiene(HH)cost on the incidence of health-care-associated infection (HAI),evaluate continuous improvement method,and provide data for hospital manage-ment.Methods The cost of HH project and incidence of HAI in a hospital from January 2013 to June 2014,as well as HH compliance in the first half year of 2014 were investigated.Results Semiannual statistics were performed, the cost of HH project in the first half of 2013,second half of 2013,and first half of 2014 were 283 490,414 232, and 522 345 yuan respectively,compared with the first half of 2013,the cost of HH in the first half of 2014 in-creased by 84.26%;incidence of HAI were 3.13%,3.33%,and 3.03% respectively,difference was significant(χ2=10.37,P <0.001).In the first half of 2014,HH compliance rate increased from 35.00% in January to 59.49% in June.The top three factors that affecting the implementation of HH were busy work,had no time for handwashing;inadequate HH facilities or supplies;inadequate knowledge about HH.Conclusion Increasing the investment of HH products can improve HH compliance and reduce the incidence of HAI.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate1812cases of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)and the clinical drug utilization of cyclosporine.METHODS:Analysis and statistics of cyclosporine TDM data of1812cases(502subjects)in our hospital were carried out.RESULTS:Among all the1st TDM concentration,only41.4%was within the therapeutic window.Constituent ratios of patients whose drug concentration were monitored once,twice,or three times respectively was44.8%,16.3%and11.6%respectively.Among all the subjects undergoing3～4times of TDM,constituent ratio of patients whose drug con-centrations of the1st,2nd,3rd and4th TDM are within therapeutic window are40.6%,48.0%,50.0%and57.9%respec-tively.CONCLUSION:Although TDM is widely used,for some reasons,the constituent ratio of drug concentration within therapeutic window is low and the TDM times are much less than enough.Even TDM is multiple,the status of is not satisfac-tory,So clinics should pay more attention to the phenomenon that the patients’medication can’t be adjusted properly;Mean-while,it correlates with the expensive medication costs,etc.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current status and future trend of antibacterials utilization in our hospital.MET-HODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the use of antibacterials in our hospital in 2003～2005,covering sales value and application density(AD).RESULTS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital had been high in AD for the three years.In ran-ked order,the top three subcategories were quinolones,macrolides and lincosamides,represented respectively by levofloxacin,azithromycin and clindamycin.CONCLUSIONS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital are high in AD.Administration of antibacterials use during the perioperative period should be specially strengthened to avoid irrational combination medication.

Objective To evaluate the remineralization effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) and fluoride complex on artificial enamel subsurface white spot lesions in vitro in order to provide a new method to treat the postorthodontic enamel demineralization.Methods Extracted premolar teeth for orthodontic reason were immersed into lactic acid gel to prepare artificial white spot lesions.Then the specimens were randomly assigned to seven groups:5.0%CPP-ACFP group,1.0% CPP-ACP group,0.1% CPP-ACPgroup,calcium phosphate saturated solution group,calcium phosphate saturated solution plus fluorid group,deionized water group.Lesion depths and mineral loss were quantitatively determined by microradiography in various groups.Results The lesion depths and mineral loss after remineralization in each group were significantly reduced(P0.05),but the lesion depths and mineral loss in these three groups were significantly lower than those in deionized water group(P

Objective To probe into the preventive effect of Xinhuang tablet dissolved in vinegar on phlebitis caused by Doxorubicin? Methods The self-control study was performed in 30 patients treated by doxorubicin? In the initial course,33%magnesium sulfate by wet dressings was externally applied on the skin along the vein until completion of transfusion of chemotherapeutic drugs? In the second course,Xinhuang tablet dissolved in vinegar was used on the skin along the vein until completion of transfusion?The phlebitis rate by magnesium sulfate by wet dressings was compared to that by Xinhuang tablet dissolved in vinegar? Result The phlebitis rate in the initial course was 83?3% while 36?7% in the second course(P<0?01)? Conclusions Xinhuang tablet dissolved in vinegar applied on the skin may be of use for the prevention of phlebitis? It may reduce the damage and improve the quality of the life?