AIM　To study bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metablites terbutaline in 20 healthy male volunteers. METHODS　A single oral dose of domestic or imported bambuteral tablet was given according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The plasma bambuteral and terbutaline concentrations were determined by HPLC/MS. RESULTS　The pharmacokinetic parametrs of domestic and imported bambuteral: AUC0-t were (52±21) μg*h*L-1 and (51±20) μg*h*L-1, Tmax were (2.9±0.9) h and (2.6±0.7) h, Cmax were (6.0±2.6) μg*L-1 and (6.2±2.9) μg*L-1, T1/2Ke were (11.2±2.3) h and (11.2±1.9) h, respectively; terbutaline: AUC0-t were (191±30) μg*h*L-1 and (197±37) μg*h*L-1; Tmax were (4.2±1.0) h and (4.2±1.0) h; Cmax were (10±5) μg*L-1 and (10±4) μg*L-1; T1/2Ke were (20±3) h and (21±4) h, respectively. The bioavaiability of the domestics was 102%±8% (bambuteral) and 100%±12% (terbutaline). CONCLUSION　The results demonstrate that the two forms of bambuteral and terbutaline were bioequivalent by analysis of variance, two-one sided test and 90% confidential limit.

Objective To study the estrogenic effect of organic extracts of effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Methods Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of target compounds from water samples. Then, a simplified proliferation test with human estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell and recombined yeast assay were applied to assess the estrogenic effect in effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Results The amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing the maximum effect in cell proliferation assay was equal to that from 1.00 ml primary water. In recombined yeast assay, the amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing maximum ?-galactosidase activity was equal to that from 20.00 ml primary water. Conclusion The effluent of reclaimed water treatment plant still shows estrogenic effect though slightly reduced.

Objective To investigate the distribution of carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) infections and its resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs to provide a basis for infection control and rational use of antibacterial drugs in this area .Methods The clinical data and drug susceptibility test results in the patients with CRAB infection in our hospital from January 1 ,2013 to December 31 ,2014 were retrospectively analyzed .Results Eighteen strains of CRAB in community‐acquired in‐fection and 140 strains of CRAB in nosocomial infection were isolated ,the resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam ,gentamicin and tobramycin were higher than 80% ,which to ampicillin/sulbactam and levofloxacin were 64 .5% and 48 .2% respectively ,which to compound SMZ and amikacin were lower than 25% .The distribution of drug sensitivity results had no statistical difference between community CRAB infection and nosocomial CRAB infection (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The CRAB infection is mainly nosocomial in‐fection ,the empirical therapy could select compound SMZ and amikacin .

Objective To evaluate the impact of different ages, different gender, with or without exercise and different fracture sites on the nutritional status using mini nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) in hospitalized elderly fracture patients. Methods A total of 1 353 hospitalized elderly patients with fracture were included. The MNA-SF investigations were completed within 3 days after admission. The diet, body weight, physical activity, psychological trauma or stress, psychological problems, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC), history of aerobic exercise and the fracture sites were recorded three days after admission. The nutritional status were evaluated including normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition and malnutritional status. The relationships of nutritional status were analyzed between different ages, different gender, with or without exercise, different fracture sites. Results There were significant differences in the incidence of normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition malnutrition and non-normal nutritional status between different ages, different gender, with or without exercise, femoral intertrochanteric fracture and upper limb fracture. There were also significant differences in the incidence of normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition and malnutrition between femoral neck fracture and upper limb fracture. Conclusion There is a higher incidence of non-normal nutritional status in patients older than 80 years, female, with no regular exercise and with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current status and future trend of antibacterials utilization in our hospital.MET-HODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the use of antibacterials in our hospital in 2003～2005,covering sales value and application density(AD).RESULTS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital had been high in AD for the three years.In ran-ked order,the top three subcategories were quinolones,macrolides and lincosamides,represented respectively by levofloxacin,azithromycin and clindamycin.CONCLUSIONS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital are high in AD.Administration of antibacterials use during the perioperative period should be specially strengthened to avoid irrational combination medication.

Aim To investigate the method of culturing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of coronary arteries derived from experimental diabetic rats and to establish the model of VSMC for the study of chronic cardiovascular diseases of diabetes. Method After the establishment of the model of diabetic rats, the coronary arteries of rats were separated carefully to culture VSMC using the method of explanting culture. Results The primary culture of VSMC was performed successfully by the method mentioned above. The cells could be isolated by different kinds of digestive enzyme in three steps. 7 ~10 days afterward, the cells overlapped in layers and displayed the typical ‘hill and valley’ pattern and positive immunochemical staining for smooth muscle actin. Conclusion VSMC from experimental diabetes proliferates faster than normal VSMC and its cultivating condition is strictly limited. The morphology of diabetic VSMC is as same as that of normal rats.

0.05);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(61.97%),followed by surgical site infection(SSI)(23.94%).CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce postoperation nosocomial infection rate,we should take following measures:Improve pulmonary function,remove tracheal intubation as early as possible,shorten lasting time of surgery and days before operation,keep aseptic technique,strengthen nursing,enhance immunity,and use antimicrobial agents reasonably.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of polysaccharide from Fructus corni ( PFC) on cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation ( H/R) injury and its possible relationship with ROS/PKC/p38 MAPK pathway.METHODS:Prima-ry cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal SD rats and randomly divided into normal group, H/R group, PFC (20 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L) preconditioning+H/R groups, chelerythrine+PFC (100 mg/L)+H/R group and SB203580+PFC (100 mg/L)+H/R group.The cell viability was measured by inverted microscopic observation.Apoptosis in the car-diomyocytes was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy.The levels of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in the cell culture supernatants, and the reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in the cells were also measured by microplate reader.The protein levels of PKC, p-p38 MAPK and HSP70 in the cells were detec-ted by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with normal group, the cell viability and beating frequency were decreased in H/R group.LDH and ROS contents, apoptotic rate and p-p38 MAPK level increased significantly (P<0.01).Compared with H/R group, PFC preconditioning increased beating frequency, SOD activity and the protein level of PKC and HSP70, and decreased ROS production, the protein level of p-p38 MAPK and cell apoptotic rate.However, the effect of PFC was in-hibited by chelerythrine or SB203580.CONCLUSION:PFC may protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Its mechanism is possibly involved in the inhibition of ROS via increasing the activity of SOD and the activation of PKC, and suppression of excessive activation of p38 MAPK.

An investigation of inappropriate feeding behavior and its impact was conducted in patents of 875 infants and toddlers aged 1-24 months from March 2004 to February 2008.The survey revealed that inappropriate feeding behavior included feeding sugar solution or sweet fruits daily in 72.1％ parents (631/875) ; adding yolk as the first supplementary food in 51.3％ (394/768) ; not allowing handgrabbing food or coarse food for infants over 7 months in 50.4％ (270/536) and 44.0％ (236/536) ; no meat eating for infants over 12 months in 36.0％ (54/150).And also revealed that 34.0％ (270/795) and 24.8％ (184/743) parents mixed rice flour or yolk with formula milk,respectively; 17.6％ (48/273) infant over 10 months only had cereal; insufficient or excessive water were used for reconstituting milk powder in 11.8％ (87/735) and 9.3％ (68/735),respectively.The results of investigation indicate that inappropriate feeding behavior among infants and toddlers are quite common and the reasons are various.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in peripheral and portal vein blood to liver metastasis and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods From January 2009 to April 2011,a total of 181 patients diagnosed as primary CRC and received radical resection were enrolled.The relative quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood and intraoperative portal vein blood were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).All the patients were followed up for three years after operation.The relative quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA in peripheral blood before operation and intraoperative portal vein blood were compared between patients with synchronous liver metastasis (18 cases) and without synchronous liver metastasis (163 cases); between metachronous liver metastases (29 cases) and without metachronous liver metastases (152 cases).The relationship between the expression of hTERT mRNA in intraoperative portal vein blood and clinicopathological features of patients with CRC was analyzed.The t-test was used.Univariate and Multivariate Cox analysis were used for risk analysis of metachronous liver metastases.Log-rank test was used for comparisons of survival rate between the group with high hTERT mRNA expression in intraoperative portal vein blood during operation and the group with low expression.Results The relative quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood and intraoperative portal vein blood in synchronous liver metastases group (8.04±3.79 and 11.88±4.19) was higher than that of no synchronous liver metastases group (4.30±2.81 and 4.94±3.37,t=5.159 and 8.084; both P＜0.01).The relative quantitative expression of hTERT mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood and intraoperative portal vein blood in metachronous liver metastases group (7.16±3.08 and 9.83 ± 2.96) was higher than that of no synchronous liver metastases group (4.11±2.58 and 4.56±3.09,t=5.648 and 8.467;both P＜0.01).The hTERT mRNA expression in intraoperative portal vein blood of patients with CRC changed significantly with the differentiated degree of tumor,tumor size,different invasion degree of tumor,lymph node metastasis,recurrence after operation,survival time (t =2.987,2.281,2.135,5.070,5.431 and 6.803,all P＜0.05).Univariate analysis revealed that the expression of hTERT mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood and intraoperative portal vein blood both were correlated with postoperative metachronous liver metastases (x2=9.522 and 16.393,both P＜0.01).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that both of them were independent risk factors (relative risk (RR)=4.286 and 9.783).The two-and three-year survival rates of the patients with high hTERT mRNA expression levels in intraoperative portal vein blood were 64.6 ％ and 52.3 ％,and those of low expression group were 91.4 ％ and 85.3 ％,and the differences between two groups in two-and three-year survival rate were statistically significant (x2 =5.313,P＜0.05; x2 =8.925,P＜0.01).Conclusions The expression of hTERT mRNA in intraoperative portal vein blood was closely correlated with the important pathologic features,prognosis and liver metastasis of patients with CRC and its predictive value of postoperative CRC metachronous liver metastases was higher than the expression of hTERT mRNA in preoperative peripheral blood.The hTERT mRNA in intraoperative portal vein blood can be a postoperative prognostic marker of patients with CRC.