Objective To investigate the distribution of carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) infections and its resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs to provide a basis for infection control and rational use of antibacterial drugs in this area .Methods The clinical data and drug susceptibility test results in the patients with CRAB infection in our hospital from January 1 ,2013 to December 31 ,2014 were retrospectively analyzed .Results Eighteen strains of CRAB in community‐acquired in‐fection and 140 strains of CRAB in nosocomial infection were isolated ,the resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam ,gentamicin and tobramycin were higher than 80% ,which to ampicillin/sulbactam and levofloxacin were 64 .5% and 48 .2% respectively ,which to compound SMZ and amikacin were lower than 25% .The distribution of drug sensitivity results had no statistical difference between community CRAB infection and nosocomial CRAB infection (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The CRAB infection is mainly nosocomial in‐fection ,the empirical therapy could select compound SMZ and amikacin .

Objective To study the estrogenic effect of organic extracts of effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Methods Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of target compounds from water samples. Then, a simplified proliferation test with human estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell and recombined yeast assay were applied to assess the estrogenic effect in effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Results The amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing the maximum effect in cell proliferation assay was equal to that from 1.00 ml primary water. In recombined yeast assay, the amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing maximum ?-galactosidase activity was equal to that from 20.00 ml primary water. Conclusion The effluent of reclaimed water treatment plant still shows estrogenic effect though slightly reduced.

AIM　To study bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metablites terbutaline in 20 healthy male volunteers. METHODS　A single oral dose of domestic or imported bambuteral tablet was given according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The plasma bambuteral and terbutaline concentrations were determined by HPLC/MS. RESULTS　The pharmacokinetic parametrs of domestic and imported bambuteral: AUC0-t were (52±21) μg*h*L-1 and (51±20) μg*h*L-1, Tmax were (2.9±0.9) h and (2.6±0.7) h, Cmax were (6.0±2.6) μg*L-1 and (6.2±2.9) μg*L-1, T1/2Ke were (11.2±2.3) h and (11.2±1.9) h, respectively; terbutaline: AUC0-t were (191±30) μg*h*L-1 and (197±37) μg*h*L-1; Tmax were (4.2±1.0) h and (4.2±1.0) h; Cmax were (10±5) μg*L-1 and (10±4) μg*L-1; T1/2Ke were (20±3) h and (21±4) h, respectively. The bioavaiability of the domestics was 102%±8% (bambuteral) and 100%±12% (terbutaline). CONCLUSION　The results demonstrate that the two forms of bambuteral and terbutaline were bioequivalent by analysis of variance, two-one sided test and 90% confidential limit.

0.05);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(61.97%),followed by surgical site infection(SSI)(23.94%).CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce postoperation nosocomial infection rate,we should take following measures:Improve pulmonary function,remove tracheal intubation as early as possible,shorten lasting time of surgery and days before operation,keep aseptic technique,strengthen nursing,enhance immunity,and use antimicrobial agents reasonably.

Objective To evaluate the impact of different ages, different gender, with or without exercise and different fracture sites on the nutritional status using mini nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) in hospitalized elderly fracture patients. Methods A total of 1 353 hospitalized elderly patients with fracture were included. The MNA-SF investigations were completed within 3 days after admission. The diet, body weight, physical activity, psychological trauma or stress, psychological problems, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC), history of aerobic exercise and the fracture sites were recorded three days after admission. The nutritional status were evaluated including normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition and malnutritional status. The relationships of nutritional status were analyzed between different ages, different gender, with or without exercise, different fracture sites. Results There were significant differences in the incidence of normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition malnutrition and non-normal nutritional status between different ages, different gender, with or without exercise, femoral intertrochanteric fracture and upper limb fracture. There were also significant differences in the incidence of normal nutrition, risk of malnutrition and malnutrition between femoral neck fracture and upper limb fracture. Conclusion There is a higher incidence of non-normal nutritional status in patients older than 80 years, female, with no regular exercise and with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the current status and future trend of antibacterials utilization in our hospital.MET-HODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the use of antibacterials in our hospital in 2003～2005,covering sales value and application density(AD).RESULTS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital had been high in AD for the three years.In ran-ked order,the top three subcategories were quinolones,macrolides and lincosamides,represented respectively by levofloxacin,azithromycin and clindamycin.CONCLUSIONS:Antibacterials as used in our hospital are high in AD.Administration of antibacterials use during the perioperative period should be specially strengthened to avoid irrational combination medication.

Aim To investigate the method of culturing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of coronary arteries derived from experimental diabetic rats and to establish the model of VSMC for the study of chronic cardiovascular diseases of diabetes. Method After the establishment of the model of diabetic rats, the coronary arteries of rats were separated carefully to culture VSMC using the method of explanting culture. Results The primary culture of VSMC was performed successfully by the method mentioned above. The cells could be isolated by different kinds of digestive enzyme in three steps. 7 ~10 days afterward, the cells overlapped in layers and displayed the typical ‘hill and valley’ pattern and positive immunochemical staining for smooth muscle actin. Conclusion VSMC from experimental diabetes proliferates faster than normal VSMC and its cultivating condition is strictly limited. The morphology of diabetic VSMC is as same as that of normal rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase C (PKC ) in reduction of mitochondrial injury during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by ischemic preconditioning in rats .Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats ,aged 12-13 weeks ,weighing 280-320 g ,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group) ,I/R group ,ischemic preconditioning group (IP group) and PKC inhibitor chelerythrine group (C group) .Myocardial I/R was produced by 35 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion .Ischemic preconditioning was induced by 3 episodes of 5 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch at 5 min intervals before myocardial ischemia . Chelerythrine 1 mg/kg was injected intravenously via the caudal vein before ischemic preconditioning in group C . At 120 min of reperfusion ,the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were immediately removed .Mitochondrial suspension was prepared for determination of activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH ) , xanthine oxidase (XOD ) , glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px ) and Ca2+-ATPase , content of Ca2+ , myocardial mitochonerial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and membrane potential (Δψm ) .Results Compared with S group , the activities of XOD and Ca2+-ATPase ,content of Ca2+ and mPTP opening were significantly increased ,and the activities of SDH and GSH-Px and Δψm were decreased in I/R group ( P<0.05) .Compared with I/R group ,the activities of XOD and Ca2+-ATPase , content of Ca2+ and mPTP opening were significantly decreased , and the activities of SDH and GSH-Px and Δψm were increased in IP group ( P<0.05) .Compared with IP group ,the activities of XOD and Ca2+-ATPase , content of Ca2+ and mPTP opening were significantly increased , and the activities of SDH and GSH-Px and Δψm were decreased in C group ( P<0.05) .Conclusion PKC is involved in reduction of mitochondrial injury during myocardial I/R by ischemic preconditioning in rats .

An investigation of inappropriate feeding behavior and its impact was conducted in patents of 875 infants and toddlers aged 1-24 months from March 2004 to February 2008.The survey revealed that inappropriate feeding behavior included feeding sugar solution or sweet fruits daily in 72.1％ parents (631/875) ; adding yolk as the first supplementary food in 51.3％ (394/768) ; not allowing handgrabbing food or coarse food for infants over 7 months in 50.4％ (270/536) and 44.0％ (236/536) ; no meat eating for infants over 12 months in 36.0％ (54/150).And also revealed that 34.0％ (270/795) and 24.8％ (184/743) parents mixed rice flour or yolk with formula milk,respectively; 17.6％ (48/273) infant over 10 months only had cereal; insufficient or excessive water were used for reconstituting milk powder in 11.8％ (87/735) and 9.3％ (68/735),respectively.The results of investigation indicate that inappropriate feeding behavior among infants and toddlers are quite common and the reasons are various.

Objective No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions(tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activities(less than three times a week) have been considered as crucial risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney injury.This paper aims to discuss whether these risk factors can be used for screening high risk groups.Methods Soldiers were divided into 5 groups based on the questionnaire survey:Group1 had no risk factor, Group2 had 1 risk factor, Group3 had 2 risk factors, Group4 had 3 risk factors, and Group5 had 4 risk factors.Urine samples were collected after 6 h and 24 h of 5 km armed military training.Kidney injury indicators were compared such as urine protein, urine occult blood test, urine micro-albumin ( mALB) , urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase( NAG) among different groups.Results As the risk factors increased, the incidence of positive urinary protein 6 h after training increased (x2 =101.8,P<0.001),and the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples were elevated as well.The analysis among moderate and high risk groups(Group3-5) showed that the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples 24 h after training increased with the number of risk factors.The mean value of these injury indicators reached to the maximum in Group 5.Conclusion No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions( tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activi-ties(less than three times a week) are independent risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney inju-ry,which can be used for screening high risk individuals during training.