The role of oxygen free radicals in multiple system organ failure (MSOF) was studied in rats produced by reticuloendothelial system blockade in addition to hemorrhagic shock. In MSOF animals blood reduced glutathione (GSH) elevated to 4.17?0.38 mg/g Hb at day 2, compared with baseline 2.67?0.09. Plasma glutathione peroxidase declined to 1.22?0.27 U/ml?min at day 1, and gradually increased at day 2 and day 3, but still lower than baseline 3.08?0.20. Blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was 182.6?27.1 at day 1, lower than baseline 249.5?72.4 ?g/g Hb. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) increased twice the normal level of 6.54?31 nmol/ml. Correlation analysis showed that lung index, plasma GPT and creatinine negatively correlated with the level of lung and liver homogenate SOD and kidney homogenate GSH, respectively.Results indicate that there are significant changes in the levels of blood and tissue antioxidants and lipid peroxides during MSOF. Organ failure appears to be correlated with the decrease in tissue antioxidation capacity.

Objective To improve arterial anastomosis method for renal transplantation model in rats.Methods Male Fisher and Lewis rats were used as kidney donors and recipients respectively,and left kidneys were harvested in situ.Revascularizations of renal artery were fashioned end-to-end by the modified sleeve anastomosis.The renal artery was placed in the orthotopic position and sutures were inserted in order to place the feeding vessel into the receiving vessel.One invaginating suture was placed starting outside the donor's renal artery wall,approximately 2 mm from the free edge,then passing through the free edge of the recipient renal artery,and lastly passing again through the donor's renal artery wall out alongside the point of entry.The sutures Were tied so that the recipient renal artery was drawn inside the donor's renal artery.Thereafter,one external stitch was placed opposite to the invaginating suture passing through the overlapped free distal edge and the adventitia of the recipient renal artery,and the suture the opposite side using the same technique.The renal veins and ureters were anastomosed using end-to-end interrupted suture technique.Results Twenty cases of rat renal transplantation were performed.The transplantation procedures took totally between 70-90 min.The time for arterial anastomosis was approximately(4.6 ± 0.6)mint the mean time for anastomosis of the renal vein in 20 grafts was(11.8 ± 1,2)min.and ureter was(12.2 ± 1.4)mia The successful rate of the model was 95 % at the 5th day.Conclusion New end-to-end technique which incorporatesa modification of the sleeve anastomosis is the safest way to perform a revascularization of renal artery.This suggests that the technique is feasible and reliable.

Objective To explore the surgical procedure for combined heart and kidney transplantation in rats. Methods Inbred Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients. The left kidney and the heart were removed from the donors,the donor kidney was therefore transplanted to the left side. Revascularization of renal artery was constructed end-in-end by modified sleeve anastomosis. Renal veins were anastomosed using stenting technique. Ureters were anastomosed using end-to-end interrupted suture technique. The aortic and pulmonary arteries were anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta and inferior vena cavaLewis rats receiving right nephrectomy were assigned to a control group. Results The time of warm ischemia was 10s,and the donor nephrectomy time was (30 ± 3.0)min;the removal of donor heart was(6 ± 1.8)min,the renal cold ischemia time was(40 ± 3.2)min and heart was(70 ± 4.1)min,the meantime for recipients operation was(95 ± 5.4)min,and the graft survival rate was 80.9%. Renal function and heart rate did not differ significantly between the two groups 30 days after the procedure. Conclusions The new model for simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation in rats is feasible and reliable. This technique can be applied to basic research on multiple organ transplantation immunity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the common pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance status in neonatal ward to provide guidance for rational clinical medication. MethodsData of 2306 cases in neonatal ward from July 2008 to June 2010 whose body fluid were cultured with positive results of common bacteria were collected. The change of the bacteria and drug resistance was analyzed. Results Among 10 017 body fluid samples, 80 species consisted of 2306 strains of bacteria were found. Enterobacteria accounted for about 53.8％ (1241/2306), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (430/1241, 34.6％) and Escherichia coli (341/1241, 27.5％) were the most common ones,and among which 68.1％(293/430)strains of Klebsiella pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniae and 59.5 ％ (203/341 ) strains of Escherichia coli were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains, which were significantly lower than those[78.1％ (118/151) and 82.6％(76/92) respectively]during 2003 to 2005 (U=-2.32 and -4.11, P＜0.05 respectively).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)detectionrate was 8. 5％(23/272)in Staphylococcus, which was lower than that (17.7％, 15/85) in year 2004 to 2006 (U= -2.4, P＜0. 05). Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphulococcus (MRCNS) detection rate was 63.5％(157/247), which was higher than that (32.6％, 97/298) in year 2004 to 2006(U=7.54,P＜0.05).The common pathogens of nosocomial infection were Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae,Escherichia coli , Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; while common pathogens of community infection were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Multiple drug-resistant infections in hospital were significantly higher than those in community. Drug susceptibility results showed that the resistance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae were especially severe.ConclusionsOpportunistic infections and drug resistant strains increased. The increasing of MRCNS and drug-resistant of Acinetobacter baumanniishouldbepaidmore attention.Comprehensive measures might reduce the production of ESBLs bacteria. The choice of antibiotics should be based on drug susceptibility test.

Objective To identify the effect of oral cod liver oil on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D] level in breast-fed infants during winter.Methods Healthy newborn infants were recruited at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics between December 2009 and February 2010 for the self-controlled study.Serum samples were obtained with 2 ml umbilical cord blood for each neonate.The neonates received vitamin D supplementation in the form of oral cod liver oil from 15 days to 4 months after birth.For each exclusively breastfed infant,2 ml fasting venous blood was collected at the end of postnatal 4 months to separate serum.Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations of the infants were determined with umbilical cord blood serum and venous blood serum.Results Altogether 43 exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled,including 26 boys and 17 girls.The mean serum 25 (OH)D concentration in umbilical cord blood was (20.9 ± 5.1) nmol/L (12.5-32.1 nmol/L).All the neonates were vitamin D deficient.The mean serum 25 (OH) D concentration in infants at 4 months was (106.3 ± 42.4) nmol/L (30.2-208.5 nmol/L).Among the infants,the serum 25 (OH) D level was ＜ 50 nmol/L in 4 infants (the rate of vitamin D deficiency being 9.3％),50-75 nmol/L in 7,75-150 nmol/L in 25,and ≥150 nmol/L in 7.A positive correlation was detected between serum 25(OH)D level and cod liver oil dose (r =0.530,P =0.001).The average percentage of the missed doses (missed doses/prescribed doses) was 36.1％,negatively correlated with serum 25 (OH)D level (r =-0.634,P =0.001).Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common among infants born during winter in northern China.Daily oral intake of cod liver oil in infants can significantly increase serum 25 (OH) D level; However,the prevention of vitamin D deficiency cannot be ensured if doses are missed.

Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Poisoning ; physiopathology ; Xylenes ; poisoning

Endomyocardial Fibrosis ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology

This study was aimed to analyze the similarities of characteristics between members of“metal family” in the five elements. Wittgenstein’s family resemblance theory was used in the analysis of members assigned to the category of“metal family”, which included metal, autumn, west, white, pungent and lung. The results showed that there was family resemblance between members of“metal family”. It was concluded that members were classified into the category of“metal family” through analogical reasoning of family resemblance. Any member to be classified as a member of“metal family” showed similarity with at least one of other family members. Certain member in the“metal family” had similarities in different aspects with multiple members in the family. Any two members of“metal family” may not always have any similarities. It can be deduced that certain physiological functions of lung were not owned by the lung itself, but by the characteristics of“metal family”. The range of“metal family” can be expanded and multiplied. The“metal family” can build new members in different areas.

Aim To explore the mechanism of polydatin (PD) treating shock through investigating influence of PD in protein kinase C (PKC) activity of myocardial cells when myocardial cells are treated by ischemia and hypoxia. Methods The hypoxia model was set up by drawing off the oxygen of an enclosed acryl glass box and ischemia model by low sugar culture medium.The activity of PKC was measured by ?-scintillation counter. Results The activity of PKC of myocardial cells cytoplasm in normal situation after the cells were treated by PD decreased(vs normal group P0.05). Conclusion PD antagonizes the damage by reversing the PKC activities, which is associated with the anti-shock effect of PD.

Aim To observe the effect of polydatin(PD) on the activities of ?-AR in cardiomyocytes under the stimulation of LPS. Methods Cardiac myocytes were isolated and cultured from neonatal rats. Radioligand binding assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the function of ?-AR. Results In control group, the density of ?-AR (B max) was 4.14?1.41 fmol?(1?105 cells) -1 and ?-AR affinity (K d) was (4.02?0.59) nmol?L -1. In LPS group, ?-AR density was down-regulated 〔B max=1.78?0.12 fmol?(1?105 cells) -1〕 and the affinity decreased (K d=23.88?2.34 nmol?L -1). In LPS+PD group, ?-AR B max was recovered to 3.37?0.36 fmol?(1?105 cells) -1 and the affinity increased (K d=3.44?0.44 nmol?L -1). In PD group, ?-AR functions had no significant difference with normal group 〔B max=2.76?0.32 fmol?(1?105 cells) -1 and K d=4.63?1.54 nmol?L -1〕. The ?-AR amount measured by flow cytometry showed the same change tendency as the radioligand binding assay. Conclusion ?-AR activities may be down-regulated during the pathological process of LPS treatment. PD could reverse the effects of LPS by up-regulating ?-adrenoreceptors.