Endocannabinoids are endogenous brain ligands of cannabinoid receptors and have specific synthesizing,transporting,metabolizing ways in the body. Endocannabinoids can regulate release of some neurotransmitters such as glutamate or GABA. So elucidating the mechanism of endocannabinoids is not only helpful in understanding the mechanisms of cannabiod addicton but also useful in developing new useful drugs.

Objective:The tissue culture of Saussurea involucrata has been studied for the protection of immune function activities in animal models in our research.Methods: The tissue culture of S.involucrata at the doses of 75,150 and 300mg/kg were given to mice by intragastric administration,successive medication for 7 days,and then the effects of S.involucrata were investigated in mice by carbon clearance rate,DNCB induced delayed hypersensitivity and serum hemolysin formation.Results: The tissue culture of S.involucrata at the doses of 150mg/kg i.g.,for 7 days could inhibit the non-specificity of immune function in mice.At the doses of 300mg/kg i.g.,for 7 days it could have significantly inhibitory effect on delayed hypersensitivity in mice and increase the humoral immunity activity in mice.Conclusion: The tissue culture of S.involucrata had the protection effect on immune function activities.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ADR evaluation in China.METHODS:The ADR signal evaluation method adopted by the pharmacovigilance center in Netherlands was analyzed by means of literature review,contrasting analysis and data reduction etc.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:We should draw experience from the pharmacovigilance center in Netherlands about the evaluation method on ADR signal and establish ADR evaluation databases of high quality;furthermore, we should attach great importance to the application of pharmacoepidemiology and statistics in ADR evaluation and gradually replace the qualitative evaluation with quantitative one for ADR signal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the quantitative evaluation of ADR signals in FDA and to provide a reference for ADR evaluation in China. METHODS: By means of literature review,contrasting analysis and data reduction,ADR signal evaluation in FDA was investigated. RESULTS&CONCLUSION: In USA MGPS method is used for the quantitative evaluation of ADR signal, which can earlier obtain ADR signal and effectively promote the risk warning ability of ADR information. This is practical in our country and we should learn from them. Combined with various data analyzing methods, we can set up a high-quality evaluation database for ADR signals. The importance of pharmacoepidemiology and statistics in ADR evaluation should be highly recognized and the methods for ADR signals evaluation should be gradually shifted from qualitative to quantitative evaluation.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the practical importance of project management in the new drug Research&De-velopment.METHODS:The foreign project management in the new drug Research&Development was reviewed,the dif-ferences of which in the development of innovative drugs and the imitated drugs were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:A complete,detailed and practical project program must be work out to enhance project management in the new drug Research&Development of China,an working group that of clear position&responsibility and high efficiency should be established,and a rigorous project monitoring should be carried out.

OBJECTIVE:To seek an effective starting point for the improvement of pharmacy administration efficiency(PAE)in China.METHODS:Level of PAE in China,the existing problems and their root causes were analyzed using a systematic methodology.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Level of PAE in China is far from perfect,which may be attributed to the narrowly defined boundary of pharmacy administrating system,the lack of systematic understanding and command of relevant factors and the unscientific,non-integrated objective of pharmacy administration.It is advisable to enlarge system boundary,adjust the objective of pharmacy administration,and adopt a systematic point of view and methodology in the practice of pharmacy administration.

During the last forty years, although cytotoxic chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients has improved to some extent, its therapeutic effect is limited. Simultaneously, great progression of oncobiology to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of gastric cancer has been made. Currently the cancer cell has been characterized by several genetic changes that lead to altered cellular functions. In addition, multiple cancer-cell environment factors affect the tumor cell via various receptors and subsequent signaling pathways. The increasing knowledge of cellular signaling offers the opportunity to develop novel substances that target specific pathway molecules.

Objective To observe the effect of hot spring medicated bath regimen which is guided by the theory of constitution distinction of TCM.Methods According to the standard of Constitution Classification and Decision of TCM which is published by China Association of Chinese Medicine to assess the standard-compliant volunteers,then make the volunteers have physical-chemical indexes checked and hot spring medicated bath taken.At last,re-assess the constitution of the individual and re-check the indexes.Results After the drug bath,the levels of total cholesterol (TCH),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C),thyroid stimulating factor(TSH),and IL-1 of the patients who were both yang deficiency and phlegm-dampness decreased significantly (t values were 2.093,2.045,2.092,and 2.13,respectively; P＜0.05); the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),cortisol,and free thyroxine T4 (fT4) increased significantly (t values were 3.731,2.571,and 3.027,respectively; P＜0.05) ; the pulse rate raised obviously (t=8.323,P＜0.01) ; both of the systolic (t=4.405,P＜0.01) and diastolic (t=2.782,P＜0.01)blood pressure dropped.After the drug bath,the levels of fT4 and IL-1 of the patients who were yang deficiency significantly increased (t values were 3.709 and 3.339,respectively; P＜0.01); the waist circumference reduced (t=2.831,P＜0.01),the pulse rate rised (t=9.605,P＜0.01) ; both of the systolic (t=5.281,P＜0.01)and diastolic (t=6.573,P＜0.01)blood pressure dropped.After the drug bath,the levels of pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure of the patients who are phlegm-dampness changed significantly:the pulse rate raised (t=4.702,P＜0.01),the diastolic blood pressure dropped(t=6.096,P＜ 0.01).As the effect analysis showed,the Ridit data of the criterion group which consists of summation was 0.5.Compared with the criterion group,the total effective rate of the yang deficiency group was 74.1％,which was statistically significant (R=0.55,P＜0.05).The total effective rate of the phiegm-dampness group was 81.8％,which had no statistical significance (R=0.48,P＞0.05).The total effective rate of the both yang deficiency and phlegm-dampness group was 77.4％,which was statistically significant (R=0.46,P＜0.05).Conclusion The Wuyi hot spring medicated bath regiman is helpful to the constitution type of yang deficient and phlegm-dampness,which can help warming yang and benefiting qi,living blood links contact us nourishing the skin,reducing blood fat,lowering blood pressure,improving the immune function and so on.

Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different routes for vinpocetine injection by intravenous or trans-angiographic catheter on cerebral vasospasm(CVS).Methods A total of 105 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH)patients with CVS following intracranial aneurysm embolization were chosen and randomly divided into group C, B and A, with 35 cases in each group.Patients in group C were treated with 3H therapeutic regimen, while those in group B and A were with 3H therapeutic regimen plus vinpocetine by intravenous injection or trans-angiographic catheter, respectively.The index including middle cerebral artery(MCA) blood flow velocity, National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) grading, clinical efficacy, hypotension rate and rehaemorrhagia rate were detected and compared among three groups.Results After the 7 d and 14 d treatment, the MCA blood flow velocity of group A and B was observed to be significantly lower than that of group C(P<0.05), and the MCA blood flow velocity of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05).The NIHSS score of group A and B was significantly lower than that of group A(P<0.05), and the score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B(P<0.05) following 28 d treatment.Moreover,the clinical efficacy of group A and B was significantly higher than that of group C(P<0.05), and the clinical efficacy of group A was significantly higher than that of group B(P<0.05).After the 28 d treatment, the hypotension rate of group B was found to be significantly higher than that of group C and A(P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference(P>0.05) observed in the hypotension rate between group A and C.Also, there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)found in the rehaemorrhagia rate among three groups.However, the GOS grading of group A and B was significantly better than that of group C(P<0.05), and the grading of group A was significantly better than that of group B(P<0.05)after 3 months treatment.Conclusions Using vinpocetine by intravascular injection or by trans-angiographic catheter could be the efficient treatment for the CVS after intracranial aneurysm embolization, and vinpocetine injection by trans-angiographic catheter is the better mode of administration with the consideration of efficacy and safety.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Resina Draconis on the levels of plasma glucose,insulin and lipids in normal and diabetic rats. Methods: Hyperglycemia rat models were induced by glucose or adrenaline and rat models with diabetes mellitus were induced by alloxan.The levels of plasma glucose, insulin and lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-C) were determined. Results: Resina Draconis had no obvious effects in decreasing the plasma sugar level in normal fasted rats but could decrease the plasma sugar level and improve the glucose-resistance in glucose-induced or adrenaline-induced hyperglycemic rats and alloxan-induced fasted diabetic rats and increase insulin secretion in both normal and diabetic rats. It could also decrease the plasma lipid level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: Resina Draconise exerts a good therapeutic effect on hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and its mechanism may be related to the increase of the secretion of insulin.