Objective To investigate the relationship between early pregnancy fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and gestational glucose metabolism disorders. Methods Six hundred and fifty-six pregnant women who were singleton, non-diabetes before pregnancy and had FPG examined during 5-13 weeks of pregnancy were admitted into this study from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2009. All these subjects had routine prenatal examination and finally delivered in the Department of Obstetrics of Peking University First Hospital. The FPG, 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) after 24 weeks of pregnancy, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) were analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results (1) Relationship between FPG and GCT were analyzed with ROC curve.The maximum area under curve was 0. 539 (95% CI: 0. 493-0. 586) and there was no correlation between the FPG and GCT results(P=0. 057). (2) Relationship between early pregnancy FPG and abnormal FPG examined after 24 gestational weeks were also analyzed . The maximum area under curve was 0. 796(95% CI: 0. 672-0. 920). If 5. 05 mmol/L was taken as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity was 54. 5% and 83. 2%, respectively. There was significant relationship between the two values (r=0. 432, P=0. 000). (3) There were no relationship between early pregnancy FPG and the blood glucose value of 1, 2 and 3 h in 75 g OGTT (r=0. 093, 0. 036 and 0. 107, P=0.122, 0. 549 and 0. 074 respectively). OGTT 0 h value was positively related to OGTT 1, 2 and3 h glucose level (r=0.493, 0.421 and 0.368, P=0.000, respectively). (4) All early pregnant FPG values in this study were under 6.1 mmol/L. Twenty-two GDM and 27 GIGT patients were diagnosed in this study. Early pregnancy FPG did not relate to the GDM and GIGT diagnosis.Conclusions Early pregnancy FPG could not replace 50 g GCT as an early screening for glucose metabolic abnormality in pregnancy, but FPG during early pregnancy is necessary.

Objective To study newborns weight in singleton term births and the associationbetween newborns birth weight and mode of delivery in 3 hospitals.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2009,13 963 singleton term live neonates born in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital(PU group),6519 neonates in Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College (BMC group,)and 8725 neonates in Miyun Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Yanjing Medical College(MYC group)were enrolled in this retrospective study.The newborns weight and the rate of macrosomia was calculated and compared.Those newborns from PU group and MYC group were divided into 2288 neonates at macrosomia group and 20 400 neonates at non-macrosomia group,their mode of deliveries were analyzed.Results(1)The mean neonatal birth weight were(3386 ± 414)g at PU group,(3389 ± 446)g at BMC group and(3445 ± 449)g at MYC group.Neonates born weight in MYC was significantly higher than those from in PU group and BMC group(P =0.000).Neonates born weight in BMC showed higher than those in PU group,which did.not reached statistical difference(P =0.638).(2)The incidence of macrosomia were 7.935％(1108/13 963)in PU group,9.802％(639/6519)in BMU group and 13.524％(1180/8725)in MYU group.The incidence of macrosomia in MYC group was higher than those in PU and BMC group,the incidence of macrosomia in BMC group was higher than that in PU group,which reached statistically difference(P =0.000).(3)The proportion of cesarean delivery were 75.306％(1723/ 2288)at macrosomia group,50.765％(10 356/20 400)at non-macrosomia group,which showed statistical difference(P =0.000).Conclusions(1)The difference of newborns birth weight existed in different administrative level hospital.(2)The risk of cesarean delivery due to macrosomia is higher than that of nonmacrosomia.(3)Obstetricians should pay more attention to nutrition in gestation period to lessen the incidence of macrosomia and cesarean section.

Objective:To investigate the hippocampus neuron injury,mitochondrial function and mitochondrial apoptosis related protein expression in kainic acid(KA) induced epilepsy rat,and to explore the role of mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis in the neuron injury.Methods:KA induced epilepsy model was produced by injection of KA into the hippocampus.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control and KA group(6 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d),n=32.The concentration of Glu in hippocampus CA3 area was detected by HPLC.The apoptosis of hippocampus neurons and the concentration of free calcium ion were assayed by flow cytometry.The expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 in hippocampus CA3 area was determined by Western blot.Results: ①The concentration of Glu in hippocampus CA3 area was increased in the fourth day after KA injection.②The concentration of free calcium ion,mitochondrial membrane potential,and the number of apoptosis neurons was significantly changed after 6 h of KA injection.Seven days after KA injection,these changes were more significant.③The hippocampus neuron expressed low levels of cytochrome C and caspase-9,and the expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 was dramatically increased in a time dependent manner which increased by 4.37and 3.20 fold 7 d after KA injection.Conclusion:Mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis involve in hippocampal neuron apoptosis in KA induced epilepsy rat.

Objective:To understand the effect and existing problems of teaching reform about primary health care demands in local medical universities and colleges.Methods:With sampling survey method,150 students from Xi'an Medical College were investigated using questionnaires.Results:Totally 93.1％ of the freshmen approved of setting up the courses,72.6％ of the students thought that nursing ethics and skills were equally important,43.2％ of the students thought learning this course made themselves have a new understanding of nursing ethics.Totally 84.2％ of the students were satisfied with the teacher's teaching process,while 69％ of the students were not satisfied with the existing teaching materials.Conclusion:The teaching method oriented by practical problems and the teachers' own efforts are prerequisites for students' acceptance of this course.Content setting based on post needs is an important link of nursing ethics teaching effect.Setting up sustainable teaching time is the basis of the teaching effect.High quality teaching materials are necessary conditions to achieve the teaching orderly.

Objective:To explore the relationship between cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in male patients with heroin dependence (MPHD). Methods: The cognitive function of 140 MPHD and 75 healthy controls were evaluated with Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Cancellation Test (CT) and Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST). The levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in colorimetry. Results:The performances of WMS, CT and M-WCST in MPHD were significantly lower than that in healthy controls (93.7?13.8/102.9?12.3, t=-2.83; 161.6?32.8/194.4?26.5, t=-4.28; 18.8?7.8/25.0?7.5, t=-3.38, P

Objective To investigate the effect of scalp acupuncture plus real-time cognitive training on cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease patients with cognitive disorder.Methods One hundred Alzheimer disease patients with cognitive disorder were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 50 cases each. Both groups received treatment for the primary disease. In addition, the treatment group received scalp acupuncture plus real-time cognitive training and the control group took Ginkgo leaf extract tablets. Mean flow velocity (Vm) in the left vertebral artery (LVA), right vertebral artery (RVA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured using transcranial Doppler in the two groups of patients before and after three months of treatment.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in LVA, RVA and MCA Vm in the two groups (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in LVA, RVA and MCA Vm between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Scalp acupuncture plus real-time cognitive training can improve cerebral circulation and increase cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease patients with cognitive disorder.

requirement of medical materials for hemolysis experiment (<5%) .MTT assay showed that , after 4 days of culture , the optical densi-ties were 0.498 ±0.218 and 0.566 ±0.266 in the 120℃12 h and 24 h groups and 0.668 ±0.268 and 0.769 ±0.213 in the 150℃12 h and 24 h groups, while after 8 days, the optical densities were 0.767 ±0.267 and 0.836 ±0.236 in the 120℃12 h and 24 h groups and 0.765 ±0.265 and 0.903 ±0.303 in the 150℃12 h and 24 h groups, all significantly higher than in the non-CaTiO3 group at 4 (0.341 ±0.143) and 8 days (0.731 ±0.121) (P<0.05). Conclusion The CaTiO3 coating on titanium is neither mutagenic nor hemolytic and has no toxicity on osteoblasts .Instead, it can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts , and therefore is a valuable coating material for implants .

Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in rats with simulated high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).Methods Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into five groups:control (normal),HAPE (high altitude pulmonary edema model),1 HBOT (HAPE model and HBO therapy for 1 time),2 HBOT (HAPE model and HBO therapy twice) and NOT (normal pressure oxygen therapy) groups,and was intervened accordingly.Western blotting and real-time PCR techniques were used to analyze the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in their lungs.The wet-todry (W/D) weight ratio and morphology of the lungs was also examined.Results The protein and gene expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the HAPE group decreased significantly compared with the control group.There were obvious differences in the protein and mRNA expression of AQP1 and AQP5 between the 2 HBOT group and the HAPE group and between the 2 HBOT group and the 1 HBOT group.Compared with the control group and the 1 HBOT group,marked lung injury could be seen in the HAPE group.Compared with the NOT group and the 1 HBOT group,lung injury in the 2 HBOT group was relieved significantly.Conclusions HAPE in rats is associated with down-regulation of the expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in the lungs.This down-regulation can be attenuated and lung injury can be alleviated by HBOT.Two sessions of HBOT could be more helpful than one for promoting this improvement.

Objective To study the effect of bird's nest nursing on the vital signs,gastroenteric function,body weight and growth of premature infants.Methods 456 cases of premature infants were divided into the warm box group and the bird's nest group randomly according to odd and even number of birth,namely 228 cases in each group.The warm box group adopted routine nursing care.The bird's nest group adopted routine nursing care and bird's nest nursing in the mean time,namely the bird's nest wag put into the warm box,the premature infants slept in the pre-heated bird's nest.The condition of the two groups Was compared.Results On the first day of birth,there were no statistical difference(P＞0.05)between the two groups in respiration,heart rate,milk amount and body weight.On the seventh and fourteenth day,respiration and heart rate were stable and milk amount and body weight increased rapidly in bird's nest group.There Was statistical difference(P＜0.05)between the two groups.In bird's nest group,the premature had long sleeping time and body temperature-fluctuation was reduced.There was statistical differencere(P＜0.01)between the two groups.Conclusions After the bird's nest was used in premature care,diseases were recovered rapidly,hospitalization days were shortened and it was beneficial to the development of intelligence and body and mind of the premature infants.

Objective To explore the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback (SEMG-BFT) combined with electrical stimulation on the swallowing function of stroke survivors with dysphagia,and to evaluate the electromyographic activity of the submental muscles in swallowing various foods so as to provide a basis for future rehabilitation of such patients.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,each of 28.Both groups were given low-frequency electrical stimulation and conventional swallowing training.The treatment group was additionally provided with SEMG-BFT.Before the treatment as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,the swallowing function of both groups was evaluated using the Kubota drinking water test (KDWT) and a Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS).Surface electromyographs of the submental muscles were recorded during empty swallowing,swallowing 10 ml of dilute liquid and swallowing 10 ml of paste.Results After two and four weeks of treatment,the average KDWT and GUSS scores of both groups had improved significantly,but that of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time point.After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,significant differences were found in swallowing duration and the average amplitude of the sEMGs compared with before the treatment in both groups.The difference between the groups was significant at each time point.Conclusions SEMG-BFT combined with electrical stimulation can significantly improve swallowing function.Paste food can be used safely in the early evaluation and treatment of swallowing dysfunction.