Objective:To investigate the hippocampus neuron injury,mitochondrial function and mitochondrial apoptosis related protein expression in kainic acid(KA) induced epilepsy rat,and to explore the role of mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis in the neuron injury.Methods:KA induced epilepsy model was produced by injection of KA into the hippocampus.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control and KA group(6 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d),n=32.The concentration of Glu in hippocampus CA3 area was detected by HPLC.The apoptosis of hippocampus neurons and the concentration of free calcium ion were assayed by flow cytometry.The expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 in hippocampus CA3 area was determined by Western blot.Results: ①The concentration of Glu in hippocampus CA3 area was increased in the fourth day after KA injection.②The concentration of free calcium ion,mitochondrial membrane potential,and the number of apoptosis neurons was significantly changed after 6 h of KA injection.Seven days after KA injection,these changes were more significant.③The hippocampus neuron expressed low levels of cytochrome C and caspase-9,and the expression of cytochrome C and caspase-9 was dramatically increased in a time dependent manner which increased by 4.37and 3.20 fold 7 d after KA injection.Conclusion:Mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis involve in hippocampal neuron apoptosis in KA induced epilepsy rat.

This article summarizes specific ethical doctrines from the traditional ancient Indian medicine, analyzes the characteristics of its ethical thought, absorbs its reasonable essence, pays great attention to the dual function of medical technique and medical ethics in current medical activities, highlights the importance of cooperation under the modern medical service condition, and emphasizes the application of etiquette in medical activities.

This paper was aimed to analyze and study the process of Turmeric fine pulverizing; and the powder properties of Turmeric ultra-micro powder after the process. Based on d50, the powder properties of Turmeric ultra-micro powder were summarized by using orthogonal design to select the optimal Turmeric fine pulverizing. Compari-sons were made on powder properties, such as exterior characters, IR spectra, fluidity and hygroscopicity before and after fine pulverizing. The results showed that optimal fine pulverizing process was determined based on orthogonal design. The conditions were that the material was 1 200 g, with water of 5.5% and crushing for 40 min. Compari-son of powder properties of Turmeric powders before and after fine pulverizing showed that as the diameter of the particle decreased. Turmeric particle gradually showed signs of aggregation. At the same time, granular sensation disappeared;the color turned lighter;powder became finer;fluidity was reduced;balanced hygroscopic capacity el-evated. Although the chemical composition and molecular structure had not changed;initial velocity and capacity of hygroscopicity increased, acceleration declined. It was concluded that Turmeric fine pulverizing was a convenient, reliable and practical process, with small size of particle. It can be used for Turmeric fine pulverizing. The compre-hensive evaluation showed that ultrafine powder four as the optimum powder.

AIM　To study the effect of glucocorticoid acetic acid cortisone on expression of CaM mRNA in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). METHODS　Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),the expression of CaM mRNA was measured in HPAA of rats which were injected with acetic acid cortisone. RESULTS　Acetic acid cortisone induced the expression of CaM mRNA in hypothalamus and adrenal respectively, but it had no effect significantly in pituitary. CONCLUSION　These data suggest that CaM mRNA plays important role in the modulation of GC in HPAA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between 592C/A and-819C/T of interleukin-10 gene polymorphism in patients with immediate ?-lactam drug allergy in Chinese Han population.METHODS The genotype and allele frequency of interleukin-10 gene were studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in 44 Chinese Han patients with evidence of immediate ?-lactam drug allergy and 44 controls subjects.They all matched for sex and atopy,the production was investigated by sequence analysis.RESULTS Our analysis did reveal differences in the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)between female allergic patients and controls.Among allergy subjects,we found two distinct significant associations between immediate drug allergy women and two linked IL-10 promoter genes polymorphism,-592C/A and-819C/T(P

Objective To investigate the risk factors for intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods The demographic data and vascular risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke who performed digital subtraction angiography were analyzed retrospectively.According to the lesion locations,the patients with moderate to severe intracranial arterial stenosis were divided into intracranial internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery,intracranial vertebral artery,and basilar artery.The démographic data and vascular risk factors among all groups were compared.Results A total of 344 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited,147 (42.7％ ) of them were moderate to severe intracranial arterial stenosis and 197 (57.3％ ) were mild intracranial arterial stenosis.Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of diabetes (34.0％ vs.20.8％,x2 =7.541,P=0.006) or hyperlipidemia (78.9％ vs.66.0％,x2 =6.900,P=0.009) in the moderate to severe intracranial arterial stenosis groups was significantly higher than that in the mild intracranial arterial stenosis group.The levels of total cholesterol (4.656 ±0.955 mmol/L vs.4.401 ±0.882 mmol/L,t =-2.543,P =0.011),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.015 ± 0.817 mmol/L vs.2.741 ± 0.786 mmol/L,t =-3.113,P =0.002),fasting blood glucose (FBG) (6.184 ± 2.127 mmol/L vs.5.568 ±1.772 mmol/L,t =-2.869,P =0.004),and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (5.48 ± 4.980 vs.4.33 ± 4.094,t =-2.332,P =0.020) were significantly higher.Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [ OR ] 1.907,95％confidence interval [ CI] 1.164-3.124; P =0.010) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.500,95％ CI 1.133-1.986; P =0.005) were the independent risk factors for moderate to severe intracranial arterial stenosis.Among the patients with different locations of intracranial arteries,there were significant differences in the distribution of the risk factors,such as male (P =0.017),coronary artery disease (P =0.002),and smoking (P =0.026).Conclusion Diabetes and the increased level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were the independent risk factors for moderate to severe stenosis of intracranial arteries.The distribution of risk factors for intracranial atherosderosis had location specificity.

AIM To study the effect of glucocorticoid acetic acid cortisone on expression of CaM mRNA in hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (HPAA). METHODS Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR),the expression of CaM mRNA was measured in HPAA of rats which were injected with acetic acid cortisone. RESULTS Acetic acid cortisone induced the expression of CaM mRNA in hypothalamus and adrenal respectively, but it had no effect significantly in pituitary. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CaM mRNA plays important role in the modulation of GC in HPAA.

The ketogenic diet(KD) treatment program planned for a 2 years old and 5 months boy suffered from severe cerebral complications after ependymoma operation in the Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University at December 2018 was analyzed retrospectively.The patient developed various complications, including cerebral hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and hernia after the operation of ependymoma, with coma, fever and convulsion, and 1 month of anti-infection and antiepileptic treatment was ineffective.After 2 weeks of 4∶1 KD, fever and convulsion were effectively relieved without obvious side effects.One month later, the patient regained consciousness, demonstrating that KD can be applied to treat severe cerebral complications after ependymoma operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of several scoring systems including of acute physiol-ogy and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ)score,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score,pediatric risk of mortality score(PRISM),pediatric critical illness score(PCIS)and paediatric index of mortality(PIM)in estimating the prognosis of illness in pediatric severe cases.To select a more appropriate scoring system for PICU.Methods From January 2013 to December 2014,486 cases admissed in PICU of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in the study,including 42 hospital death cases (dead group)and 444 survived or cured cases(survival group).We estimated each patient with APACHEⅡ,SOFA,PCIS,PRISM and PIM on admission and compared the scores between dead group and survival group.Results The results of APACHE Ⅱ,SOFA,PCIS,PRISM,PIM showed significant defferences be-tween dead group and survival group(13.43 ±8.70 vs.3.48 ±3.94;78.38 ±9.33 vs.88.24 ±6.84;0.142 0 ±0.214 7 vs.0.015 3 ±0.030 7;5.48 ±3.42 vs.1.73 ±1.94;22.02 ±8.48 vs.12.68 ±4.88,P <0.001 ). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of APACHE Ⅱ,SOFA,PRISM,PCIS and PIM (95%CI)were 0.854 (0.798,0.910 ),0.838 (0.778,0.898 ),0.881 (0.828,0.934 ),0.808 (0.748, 0.869),0.936(0.913,0.960).Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PIM was the lar-gest.Conclusion All the 5 kinds of severe scoring systems are effective and have a good ability to asses the prognosis and severity of diseases.It seems that PIM is the most effective.

Hedgehog pathway is an osteogenesis-related signaling pathway . During embryonic development , it regulates the growth and proliferation of progenitor cells and tissue formation. This pathway can be activated during liver injury. Activated Hedge-hog signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of liver wound-healing responses, including hepatic progenitor cell pro-liferation, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, apoptosis of various types of liver cells, inflammatory reactions, and vascular remod-eling. This article reviews the research progress in the role of Hedgehog signaling pathway in liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. The potential drug targets are also discussed. This review is to provide novel insights into antifibrotic research and therapeutic targets.