The numbers of binucleated nerve cells in the rabbit superior cervical ganglionwere investigated.We found that in the neonatal rabbit the binucleated nerve cellsare 31.4% of the total number of nerve cells,and in the 100-day rabbit,thebinucleated nerve cells increase to 41.4%.We infer that the binucleated sympatheticnerve cells are formed either by the fusion of uninucleated sympathetic nerve cellsor by amitosis of the uninucleated cells.

The validity of HbA1C and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)for screening of diabetes in community population was investigated.A total of 1 794 subjects from two sub-districts of Yangpu District,Shanghai,underwent a 75 goral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and HbA1C determination.Based on 1999 World Health Organization criteria,there were 1 411 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),111 impaired fasting glucose(IFG),73 impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),33 IFG+IGT,and 166 diabetes.According to the receiver operating characteristic curve,the optimal cut-point of FPG for diagnosing diabetes was 6.15 mmol/L with sensitivity of 89.0%,specificity of 92.8%,and area under the curve of 0.959.The cut-point of HbA1C for diagnosing diabetes was 6.5% with a sensitivity and specificity of 71.1% and 80.2%.The area under the curve was 0.822.The screening model using FPG ≥6.1mmol/L and HbA1C≥6.5% had sensitivity of 66.9% and specificity of 97.0%.When the model was FPG ≥6.1 mmol/L or HbA1C ≥6.5%,the sensitivity and specificity was 96.3% and 76.7% respectively.The results suggest that both FPG and HbA1C have good value for screening diabetes in community,and FPG combined with HbA1C may further promote diagnostic efficacy.

Objective To explore the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS)in bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly male type 2 diabetics (T2DM). Methods One hundred and fourty cases were divided into MS group and non-MS(NMS)group according to with or without MS. Height,weight were measured, body mass index(BMI) were calculated and the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)were tested. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The differences among these groups were compared and the risk factors for MS were analyzed. Results The MD, BMI, TC,TG in MS group was higher than that in NMS group (P < 0.05 vs. P < 0.01),and HDL-C was lower than NMS group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that BMD was negatively correlated with age , TG , HDL-C , and was positively correlated with BMI.The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age ,HDL-C,BMI were independent risk factors for BMD. Conclusion The BMD significantly increases in T2DM with MS.Obesity and low HDL-C have positive effects in bone mass.

Objective To discuss the effects of community diabetes specialist nurse training practice from the perspective of knowledge management, in order to provide some references for personnel training mode of the community nurses. Methods We established community diabetes specialist nurse training practices, screened 80 community nurses to participate in training, and implemented the training practices. The training objects were surveyed with the diabetes knowledge and performed duties questionnaires before and after the training. Diabetes knowledge level and the degree of willingness to perform duties were as evaluation indexes, SPSS 18. 0 software was used for analyzing and processing the date, and studying training effects from the perspective of knowledge management. Results Diabetes knowledge test accuracy of community nurses were 37. 0%, 68. 4% before and after the training (Z=7. 36, P<0. 01);willingness to perform their duties showed that options of very willing were 52. 5%(42/80), and options of willing were 46. 2%(37/80), and only one person said reluctantly willing. Conclusions The training practice can guarantee quality of nursing knowledge resources which were imported community health service centers, promote effectively spread, flow and use of knowledge resources in the community health service centers, then to promote knowledge utilization value.