SLE-like syndrome in (C57BL/6 x BALB/c) F1 mice can be induced by intravenous injection of lymphocytes from BALB/c parental mice. In these SLE-like mice levels of DNA antibody and anti—histone increased and there were immuno-complex mediated proteinuria, glomerulonephritis. 28 days later artesunate was given intraperitoneally to daily these mice. The results revealed that artesunate could significantly suppress the progression of disease activity,

China is among the middle-high endemic regions of HBV infection.The pathological outcomes of chronic HBV infection have been shown to be greatly influenced by several important factors,including HBV genotype,sub-genotype and gene viability mutation.HBV genome mutation,on the one hand,could alter its replication and secretion and thus change viral pathogenicity.In addition,host immune microenvironment and host-virus interaction,disease progression and the effect of antiviral therapy could be adapted at the same time.The detection of HBV genotypes,genetic subtypes and the key hotspot mutation is helpful to clinical risk assessment and prognosis prediction of HBV-related end-stage liver diseases (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma),it is also helpful to auxiliary predict the liver diseases recurrence and metastasis after treatment.Thus persistent care should be taken on the HBV mutation and its clinical translation so as to provide solid evidences for the personalized,standardized and fine management of HBV-related liver diseases.

The natural history of chronic HBV infection is diverse and variable, ranging from inactive carriers to progressive chronic hepatitis B ( CHB), cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma.It is estimated that 93 million people are chronically infected with HBV and 20 million cases suffering from chronic hepatitis B in China.Hepatocelluar carcinoma has been the second leading cause of death for male in China.Liver cirrhosis and HCC which have high mortality and morbidity have become the heavy burden for the limited medication resource of China.Here the current clinical applications and consensus progression based on antigen and nuclear acid detection were acknowledged.The reasonable application as well as appropriate clinical interpretation are emphasized indicating that laboratory medicine practitioners should be more actively involved in clinical diagnosis and treatment.More efforts and contributions should be made by the laboratory medicine practitioner for optimizing clinical management of HBV-related diseases in future.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China because of high incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.HCC is diagnosed at a late stage in most of the cases; therefore the prognosis of patients with HCC is generally poor.Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are of great clinical desirable to improve prognosis of HCC.Tumor marker is an effective means for early diagnosis,prognosis assessment and recurrence monitoring.In addition to alpha fetoprotein (AFP),Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3),des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP),glypican-3,N-glycome markers,candidate-susceptibility genes,microRNAs and several other biomarkers have been revealed as potential HCC markers and will be applied in clinical laboratory gradually.In this review,the efficacies of novel HCC markers and their possible implications for clinical application are described.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide;meanwhile,it is also one of the fastest growing malignancies.The causes of HCC are multiple;HBV is the most important cause in China,with about 25%-30% of HBV infection patients finally develop hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer.At present,large scale epidemiological studies revealed that the metabolic syndrome(MS) was closely related to liver cancer,and it even served as an independent risk factor for the occurrence and progression of liver cancer.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a metabolic syndrome clinically manifested in the liver;recently it has been indicated to be closely related with HCC development and progression.This paper reviews the recent researches on metabolic syndrome and liver cancer,so as to provide literature for preventive and therapeutic studies on non-virus-related liver cancer.

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in China,and is one of the most serious threats to people's health.Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of PLC.Abnormal glycosylation is reported to be closely related to the genesis and development of malignant tumors.With the advent of modern proteomic and glycomic methodologies,several alterations in fucosylation,sialylation,and glycan branching have been observed in serum of patients with PLC.Altered glycosylation profiles,glycosyltransferases and glycosylated proteins could be screened and used as potential serum markers for early diagnosis,progression monitoring and prognosis evaluation of PLC.

Objective To identify a high affinity IRF-1 binding element in the translational start site of XAF1 promoter. Methods By the bioinformatics analysis, a putative IFN regulatory factor 1 binding element (IRF-E), named as IRFE-XAF1, was identified from -30nt to -38nt of the XAF1 gene, with 76.2% homogeneity with the synonymous IRF-E sequence. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to confirm the binding capacity of IRFE-XAF1. Two site-directed mutations were made, one mutation site was outside of the IRF-E region (-28nt) and another located at the center of IRF-E (-34nt). The promoter of XAF1 after mutation was examined, including its binding activity and response to IFN-?. Results It was found by EMSA assay that the doublestranded oligonucleotide DNA probe, containing IRFE-XAF1 and labeled with 32P, may be connected to the nuclear protein, and blocked by the unlabeled synonymous IRF-1 probe (cold probe). The binding capacity of IRF-E was lost after site-directed mutation. The XAF1 promoter containing IRFE-XAF1 site had the priming activity, and could be induced by IFN-?. The priming activity declined markedly after site-directed mutation of IRFE-XAF1, and -34 site mutation completely eliminated the effect of IFN-?. Conclusion A high affinity of IRF-E is found in -30nt to -38nt region upstream of ATG initiator codon of XAF1 gene. The code sequence is -38nt-GAAACGAAA--30nt. The present study suggests that XAF1 is one of the genes with which IFN-? may induce the differentiation of cancer cells.

Objective To approach the feasibility of identifying the specific biomarker of ovarian cancer by SELDI TOF mass spectrometry. Methods The relative contents of serum protein of both 24 the patients with ovarian cancer and 56 cases of healthy people were tested by IMAC3 chip and proteinchip reader (CipherGen Inc., VS). Results On the M/Z values ranged from 4000Da to 10000Da, there were six kinds of protein contents in the serum of the were obviously different between the two groups. Among them the serum protein of M/Z value 4472Da may be regarded as a specific biomarker of ovarian cancer. In the learning mode, all the 24 patients and 56 control people were diagnosed and distinguished out correctly, while in the test mode, 23 patients were correctly diagnosed and 56 control people were distinguished out, the total accuracy was 98 75%(79/80), and the sensitivity and specificity were 95 8%(23/24) and 100%(56/56), respectively. Conclusion Ovarian cancer can be quickly and correctly diagnosed by this method with high sensitivity and specificity. That will be widely used in clinical application

Objective To approach the significance of serum protein fingerprinting on the identification of different courses of acute myocardial infarction. Methods For 153 patients of acute myocardial infarction, including 45 cases of just admitted patients, 12 cases of 3h admitted patients, 22 cases of 6h admitted patients, 24 cases of 9h admitted patients, 24 cases of 12h admitted patients, 16 cases of 24h admitted patients and 10 cases of 48h admitted patients. The relative contents of serum proteins were detected by IMAC3 chip and proteinchip reader (CipherGen Inc., VS). Results On the M/Z values ranged from 4KDa to 12KDa, ten protein contents were obviously different between the different courses of acute myocardial infarction. All the patients in different courses were diagnosed correctly, the accuracy was 100%(153/153). Both sensitivity and specificity were also 100% in learning mode. Conclusion Different courses of acute myocardial infarction patients can be quickly and correctly diagnosed by this method with high sensitivity and specificity. That will be widely used in clinical application

Objective To compare the specific proteomics between LoVo cells suspension, HT29 cells culture fluid and the serum of patients oof colorectal cancer. Methods serum of colorectal cancer, LoVo cells suspension and HT29 cells culture fluid were detected by IMAC3 chip and proteinchip reader (CipherGen Inc., VS). Results A protein at M/Z value 11731D was checked out in the LoVo cell suspension and the patients′ serum. No similar biomarkers were found in HT29 cell suspension and serum of colorectal cancer. Conclusion There existed similar biomarkers between LoVo cell suspension and serum of colorectal cancer