[Objective] To determine dormancy mechanism of Taxus mairei(Lemee et Levl.) S.Y.Hu ex Liu Seeds,the best method of dormancy breaking.[Method]The seeds were handled by lotic water or excitatory autacoid or cold-warm-cold stratification treatment or cold-warm-cold stratification treatment with excitatory autacoid,then compare withgermination inhibition of Brassica campestris seeds handling with water solution from the seeds after four dormancy breaking methods,to dertemine the best dormancy breaking method.[Conclusion] The best damancy breaking method was cold(4℃)—warm(23℃)—cold(4℃) stratification treatment with 0.05% gibberellic acid for 120 days.

Obj cetive A large number of recent studies show that sevoflurane anesthesia may cause learning and memory dysfunction.The aim of this study was to explore changes of learning and memory ability and hippocampal volume in infantile rats after neonatal interrupted and repeated inhalation of 2.6% sevoflurane through detecting the learning and memory ability by Morris water maze and the hippocampus volume by MRI.Method s Thirty two neonatal SD rats were randomly devided into two groups (n=16):experimental group and control group.Rats inhalated 2.6%sevoflurane in the experimental group and 1 L/min O2 +1 L/min Air in the control group at the postnatal days of 7, 14 and 21 (P7, P14, P21). The learning and memory ability was determined by the Morris water maze test from P31 to P37;The brains of rats were scanned by mag-netic resonance imaging ( MRI) machine under anesthesia with 1%sodium pentobarbital at P37, and the brain and bilateral hippocampal volumes were measured. Results ①In the place navigation test, the escape latency had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).In the spatial probe test, the dwelling time, movement distance and number of entering times in platform quadrant decreased slightly in experimental group compared with those in the control group, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05).②The brain volume [(1.53 ±0.18) cm3 vs (1.60 ±0.13) cm3] and right hippocampal volume [(16.15 ±1.76)mm3 vs(16.46 ±1.71)mm3] had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).The left hippocampal volume [(16.46 ±1.71)mm3] was decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group [(18.10 ±2.53)mm3](P<0.05). Conclusion The learning and memory ability has no significant changes in in-fantile rats after neonatal interrupted and repeated sevoflurane inhalation and MRI examination of hippocampal volume is not sufficient for the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To study the temozolomide combined with curcumin on the inhibitory effect and apoptosis of the C6 glioma cells. Methods The C6 glioma cells were treated with temozomide in combination with curcumin. The anti proliferation effect of liposomes on the C6 glioma cells was investigated by using the method of sulforhodamine B (SRB). Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis of the C6 glioma cells. Confocal laser scan-ning microscope was used to observe apoptosis and location in the C6 glioma cells. Results The results of SRB as-say showed that temozolomide in combination with curcumin inhibition rate were (91.22 ± 0.51)%in 48 h of the C6 glioma cells; Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate were (33.15 ± 0.79)% with temozolomide (5 μmol/L) in combination with curcumin (10 μmol/L). Laser scanning confocal scanning microscope indicated that the apop-tosis of in the C6 glioma cells treated with temozolomide in combination with curcumin was more than that of free drug. Conclusion The temozolomide in combination of curcumin can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of the C6 glioma cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the expression of hippocampal apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mRNA of rats.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-400 g,aged 15 weeks,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:50％ oxygen group (group C) and 3.2％ sevoflurane group (group S).The rats in group C inhaled 50％ oxygen for 2 h,while those in group S inhaled 3.2％ sevoflurane in 50％ oxygen for 2 h.Morris water maze test was carried out before anesthesia and at 24 and 72 h after anesthesia.At 2,24 and 72 h after anesthesia,hippocampal specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of ApoE mRNA by RT-PCR.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the escape latency,time of staying at the original platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform,and swimming distance before and after anesthesia,and the expression of ApoE mRNA was up-regulated after anesthesia in group S.There was no significant difference in the escape latency,time of staying at the original platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform,and swimming distance before and after anesthesia,and expression of ApoE mRNA at each time point after anesthesia between the two groups.Conclusion Cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane has no relationship with the up-regulated expression of ApoE mRNA in the hippocampus of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of multiple exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia on the expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats (12 males,12 females),aged 7 days,weighing 15-20 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:control group (group Con) and multiple exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia group (group Sev).On postnatal day 7,14 and 21,2.6％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h in group Sev,while the mixed gas of oxygen and air was inhaled instead of sevoflurane in group Con.Morris water maze test was carried out on postnatal day 31-37 to assess cognitive function.The rats were then sacrificed,and the hippocampus was removed to determine the expression of ApoE protein in hippocampal CA1,CA3 and DG regions (by immunohistochemistry) and the expression of ApoE mRNA (by fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction).Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in cognitive function (P＞0.05).Compared with group Con,the expression of ApoE protein in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and ApoE mRNA was significantly up-regulated in group Sev (P＜0.05),and no statistically significant change was found in the expression of ApoE protein in hippocampal DG region in group Sev (P＞0.05).Conclusion Multipie exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia can up-regulate the expression of hippocampal ApoE and produce mild neurotoxicity without causing changes in cognitive function in neonatal rats.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and security of general anesthesia for elective surgery in infants with mild upper respiratory tract infections (URI). Methods A total of 169 cases of infants underwent general anesthesia for elective surgery, ASAⅠorⅡ, both sexes, aged 20 days to 36 months, were divided into URI group (n=41) and non-URI group (n=128), according to the preoperative symptoms of URI. The general data, the perioperative and postoperative respiratory-related complications were observed and recorded. Results (1) There was a higher incidence rate of breath holding during the operation in URI group than that of URI group. There were no significant differences in cough, sputum, blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2)<0.95, fever, glossoptosis between two groups. No fever was found in both groups. There was a higher incidence rate of sputum after operation in URI group. There were no significant differences in other complications including cough, SpO2<0.95, fever, glos?soptosis and incidence rate of breath holding between two groups. No laryngospasm and bronchospasm were found during operation and after operation in two groups. (2)The incidence of postoperative cough and fever increased, while the inci?dence rates of SpO2<0.95 and glossoptosis were lower after operation compared with those during operation in non-URI group. In URI group, the incidence rate of postoperative fever was higher,and SpO2<0.95 and breath holding was lower. There were no significant differences in other complications in URI group. Conclusion It is feasible and relatively safe to implement tracheal intubation general anesthesia for the infants with mild URI under thorough preoperative assessment and careful opera?tive management.

The clinical data of 7 patients who underwent the treatment of gradual and persistent balloon dilatation (GPBD) by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)for traumatic biliary stricture in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University were analyzed retrospectively.Balloon catheters were successfully implanted in 5 cases by PTC,and with the help of ERCP in 2 PTC failed cases.There was no bleeding,acute pancreatitis and other complications.Two balloon catheters were damaged and displaced,respectively.All the biliary strictures were relieved.No biliary sludge was attached on the surface of the balloon and in the bile duct.Bile duct mucosa had congestion edema and cellulose attachment.There was no biliary stricture recurrence in the follow-up of 5 to 27 months.This study showed GPBD by PTC was a simple,safe and effective method for treating traumatic biliary strictures.

Objective To explore the mechanism of cell apoptosis of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and protein expression related to this process after long term exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2,1.0 μmol/L).Methods Malignant transformation model was set up through long-term exposure of HaCaT cells to 1.0 μmol/L NaAsO2.Cell passage for 0,1,7,14,21,28 and 35 generations in the process of malignant transformation were collected for measurement of cell apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,and apoptosis related proteins by Western blotting,including activation of cysteine protease 3,8 (cleaved-caspase-3,8),C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP),B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2),and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).Results Along with the arsenite treatment,the apoptosis levels were significantly decreased (F =26.770,all P ＜ 0.05),the apoptosis levels (0.307 ± 0.049,0.213 ± 0.055,0.163 ± 0.057,0.147 ± 0.035,0.053 ± 0.012) of the 7th,14th,21st,28th and 35thgenerations of cells after arsenite treatment were lower than that of control group of the 0th generation (0.393 ±0.021,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared between generations,there were statistical differences of the protein expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3,Chop,Bax and Bcl-2 in arsenite group (cleaved-caspase-3:1.000 ± 0.000,1.030 ± 0.027,1.104 ± 0.069,1.016 ± 0.087,0.838 ± 0.075,0.753 ± 0.082,0.677 ± 0.073;Chop:1.000 ± 0.000,1.059 ± 0.018,0.934 ± 0.095,0.976 ± 0.216,0.793 ± 0.136,0.651 ± 0.042,0.564 ± 0.056;Bax:1.000 ± 0.000,1.069 ± 0.037,1.028 ± 0.042,0.954 ± 0.118,0.641 ± 0.135,0.531 ± 0.132,0.429 ± 0.085;Bcl-2:1.000 ± 0.000,1.072 ± 0.023,1.249 ± 0.134,1.334 ± 0.143,1.633 ± 0.221,1.507 ± 0.152,1.461 ± 0.145,F =7.730,7.355,27.802,12.438,all P ＜ 0.05),compared with control group of the 0th generation (1.000 ± 0.000) and the same generation control group (1.000 ± 0.000),after the 21st generation,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),while there was no difference of the protein expression levels of cleaved-caspase-8 (F =0.832,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In the process of malignant transformation,the apoptosis levels of HaCaT cells are inhibited after long term sodium arsenite exposure through mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathways.

Objective To evaluate endoscopic pancreaticobiliary separation (EPBS) in patients with gallstone and occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR).Methods The clinical data of 47 cases with gallstone and OPBR from Oct 2013 to Oct 2016 was analyzed retrospectively.Results The mean gallbladder bile amylase (GBA) was (864 ± 575) U/L.40 cases have undergone the treatment of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.26 cases were diagnosed as duodenal papillitis,16 cases as periampullary diverticula,14 cases as long nipple,5 cases as atrophic papilla,3 cases as ampulla stone and 2 cases as papillary tumor.9 were diagnosed as pancreaticobiliary maljunction in the 14 patients with long nipple.33 cases were performed with EPBS.GBA was tested in 16 cases,and the GBA of 15 cases returned to normal level.The difference of GBA was statistically significant [(1 161 ±764) U/L vs.(47 ± 17) U/L,(t =5.641,P ＜ 0.05)].Patients were followed up for 1 to 4 years,among 36 cases without cholecystectomy,there was no recurrence of cholecystolithiasis after EPBS in 27 cases,but 2 cases had recurrent gallstones in 9 cases without EPBS,and the difference of gallstone recurrence rate was statistically significant (x2 =21.340,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Pancreaticobiliary junction diseases is an important cause for gallstone formation and OPBR.EPBS can avoid pancreaticobiliary reflux and reduce the recurrence rate of gallstone after choledochoscopic lithotomy.

Objective :To explore influence of acupuncture combined butylphthalide soft capsule on cognitive function and head MRI imaging in patients with vascular dementia (VD).Methods : A total of 94 VD patients treated in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into butylphthalide group (received butylphthalide soft capsules ) and combined treatment group (received acupuncture pericardial acupoint treatment based on butylphthalide group ) ,both groups received controls of blood pressure and blood lipids ,anti—infection intervention ,and continuously treated for eight weeks .Mini—mental state ex—amination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) were used to assess cognitive function ,related head MRI in—dexes ,plasma levels of somatostatin (SS) and arginine vasopressin (AVP ) were measured.Results : Compared with bu—tylphthalide group after treatment ,there was significant rise in total effective rate (78.72% vs.93.62%) , P＝0.036 ;sig—nificant rise in MMSE score [ (19.18 ± 3.24) scores vs.(21.15 ± 4.11) scores] and significant reduction in CDR score [ (1.51 ± 0.26) scores vs.(1.37 ± 0.28) scores] , P＜0.05 both ;MRI indexes :significant reduction in width of three brain ventricles [(1.12 ± 0.13) cm vs.(1.03 ± 0.19) cm] ,and significant rise in anterior angle index [ (3.08 ± 0.96) vs. (3.54 ± 0.85)] and lateral brain ventricle body width index [ (3.19 ± 0.18) vs.(3.32 ± 0.21)] ,P＜0.05 or ＜0.01 ;sig—nificant rise in plasma levels of SS [ (133.59 ± 10.11) pg／ml vs.(139.14 ± 10.56) pg／ml] and AVP [ (35.37 ± 9.12) pg／ml vs.(40.25 ± 8.08) pg／ml] in combined treatment group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. There were no severe adverse reactions in either group .Conclusion : Acupuncture combined butylphthalide soft capsule can significantly improve cognitive function , plasma SS and AVP levels ,inhibit brain ventricle dilation ,promote brain function recovery in patients with vascular de—mentia ,and safety is high .