This article systematically introduces the basic conception,classification and physiological significance of anterior guidance for anterior prostheses.A customized incisal guidance table was introduced to record and transfer the individual value of the patient to a virtual full-adjustable articulator system.The clinic effects of the individual value and average value were also compared.

Objective: To study the stress in bone implant interface, dentin and periodontal ligament while an endodontic endosseous implant is placed through a centeral incisor with periodontal compromises. Methods: Two dimension finite element analysis method was used and finite element analysis (FEA) model of the Chinese adult central incisor with II degree looseness according the data from literature was established. A load of 100 N was applied vertically or at 45?to vertical. The stress in bone implant interface, dentin and periodontal ligament was measured and analysed with Super sap(1991 edition) FEA software in a IBM PC(PIII 550).Results: The mobility of the tooth was decreased by endodontic endosseous implant with periodontal compromises, and lower stress was observed at the alveolar crest and periodontal membrane after implantation with inclined load. High stress concentration on the implant/bone interface was produced below the canal orifice and implant apex, and at root apex within dentin.Conclusion: Endodontic endosseous implant can be used to stabilize the tooth with periodontal compromises, and to improve the stress distribution around the root.

0.05).Conclusions:Laser welding joint gap at 0.00~1.00 mm does not affect the mechanical property of laser-welded titanium.

Early detection and accurate evaluation of vulnerable plaques is important to clinical prevention and in time intervention of atherosclerosis plaque rupture,which is the main reason of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency events.Molecular imaging reveals the formation and progression mechanisms of atherosclerosis at the molecular level,and thus has obvious superiority in early detection and evaluation of vulnerable plaques.Suitable targets are the major contents of molecular probe research.Probes of different imaging modalities have been used to detect vulnerable plaques.The targets including low density lipoprotein,macrophage,adhesion molecule,micro calcification,activated protease,apoptosis,proliferation gene,integrin and thrombus.The mechanism of detecting different targets is different,and the effectiveness varies as well.This review summarizes the development of imaging probes for molecular detection of atherosclerosis vulnerable plaques.

Objective To study the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in renal cell carcinoma and its relationship with microvessel density (MVD) and clinicopathologic parameters.Methods Immunohistochemical study for NDRG1 and CD34 was performed on paraffin sections of cases of renal cell carcinoma and adjacent non-neoplastic renal parenchymal tissue. MVD was analyzed by CD34immunostaining.Results Immunohistochemical study showed that non-neoplastic proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts was positive for NDRG1 (membranous and cytoplasmic). The expression rate of NDRG1 in renal cell cancer was 51%, which was significantly lower than that in normal renal tissues of 100 % (P ＜0.05).Clinicpathologically, the result also showed a close relation between lower NDRG1 expression and higher pathologic grade (χ2 =9.968, P =0.007), later clinic stage (χ2= 6.437,P =0.011), lymph node metastases (χ2=5.800, P =0.016) and higher MVD of cancer (t =2.235, P =0.030)whereas no relation with other factors. Conclusion NDRG1 might play as a cancer suppressor gene in renal cell carcinoma in that it could be correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis.It might also suppress tumor growth and metastasis by regulation of tumor angiogenesis.

Objective To screen out single chain variable fragment antibody (scFv)specific to vascular cell adhesion mole‐cule 1(Vcam‐1)from phage recombinant antibody library ,and to evaluate its activity and compare its activity with full‐length monoclonal antibody.Methods Amplification of Vcam‐1 was performed by PCR and Vcam‐1 gene plasmid was transferred into eukaryotic cells to express Vcam‐1 antigen protein.Immune cuvette was coated with purified Vcam‐1 antigen ,and the positive clones were screened out by 4 rounds of “adhesion‐elution‐proliferation” process with gradually increasing pressure.The posi‐tive clones were tested by ELISA method and high titer clones were chosen for gene sequencing.Then the high‐titer clones were transferred into E.coli ,and the clone with the highest expression was regarded as the final requisite one.Competent cells were infected by the final requisite clone and scFv was expressed.After purification ,the activity of scFv was tested by ELISA and its affinity was evaluated.Results Molecular weight of Vcam‐1 antigen protein was 85-90 kD.Positive clones were screened out by taking Vcam‐1 protein as the antigen ,and 9 high titer clones were obtained by single phage ELISA.Gene sequencing of these clones was carried out and 3 sequences were obtained ,1 of which got the highest expression.Molecular weight of the expressed scFv was about 30 kD.The scFv got high affinity to Vcam‐1 antigen according to ELISA ,in spite of its lower activity than full‐length monoclonal antibody.Conclusion scFv antibody specific to Vcam‐1 was successfully obtained from phage display librar‐y ,which laid the foundation of subsequent in vivo diagnosis and therapy.

Objective To compare the results of thrombelastography (TEG) and the conventional coagulability test in patients with sepsis, and to discuss the value of TEG in monitoring blood coagulation dysfunction in patients with sepsis. Methods The clinical data of 92 adult patients with sepsis admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 12 group (n = 47) and SOFA < 12 group (n = 45). Thirty-five non-sepsis adult patients with normal coagulation function served as control group. The venous blood was collected for conventional blood coagulation test and routine examination of blood, D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT), and TEG, and the differences were compared among three groups. Correlations between SOFA and various indexes of patients with sepsis were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation method. Results As shown in the results of the conventional blood coagulation test, D-dimer was gradually increased with the aggravation of the disease, the values in non-sepsis, SOFA < 12, and SOFA ≥ 12 groups were 0.523 (0.273, 0.928), 0.863 (0.673, 4.221), and 4.118 (2.420, 5.653) mg/L respectively (Z = 25.163, P = 0.000). Platelet count (PLT) in SOFA ≥ 12 group was significantly lower than that of the SOFA < 12 group and non-sepsis group [×109/L: 28.6 (12.8, 48.9) vs. 257.3 (152.6, 339.8), 182.0 (118.0, 229.0), both P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR) among three groups, and it indicated that the conventional blood coagulation test might not respond quickly to the change in coagulation status of sepsis patients. As shown in the results of TEG, the values of reaction time (R value) and kinetics time (K value) in SOFA < 12 group were lower than those of the non-sepsis group [R value (minutes): 4.4 (3.6, 6.1) vs. 6.3 (6.0, 6.7), P < 0.01; K value (minutes): 1.1 (1.0, 1.5) vs. 1.5 (1.3, 1.8), P < 0.05], while they were higher in SOFA ≥ 12 group than those of the non-sepsis group [R value (minutes): 7.0 (5.7, 8.7) vs. 6.3 (6.0, 6.7), P > 0.05; K value (minutes): 4.2 (3.4, 7.1) vs. 1.5 (1.3, 1.8), P < 0.01]. The α angle, maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI) in SOFA < 12 group were higher than those of the non-sepsis group [α angle (° ): 73.3 (68.5, 74.7) vs. 66.8 (62.2, 69.0), P < 0.01; MA (mm): 71.7 (61.9, 73.3) vs. 60.3 (58.2, 63.8), P < 0.01; CI: 3.1 (-0.1, 3.9) vs. 0.9 (-0.4, 1.3), P < 0.05], while they were lower in SOFA ≥ 12 group than those of the non-sepsis group [α angle (° ): 48.1 (36.6, 53.0) vs. 66.8 (62.2, 69.0), P < 0.01; MA (mm): 37.8 (30.0, 45.7) vs. 60.3 (58.2, 63.8), P < 0.01; CI: -5.6 (-8.4, -3.6) vs. 0.9 (-0.4, 1.3), P < 0.01]. The above results indicated that TEG could distinguish quickly the hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability status in septic patients. PCT in non-sepsis, SOFA < 12, and SOFA ≥ 12 groups were 0.27 (0.05, 1.80), 0.68 (0.10, 10.00), 41.10 (4.24, 100.00) μg/L respectively (Z = 195.475, P = 0.000), which indicate the severity of infectious disease. Correlation analysis results showed that SOFA score was negatively correlated with PLT, α angle, MA, and CI (r value was -0.853, -0.833, -0.881, and -0.859, respectively, all P = 0.000), and it was positively correlated with activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, R value, K value, and PCT (r value was 0.381, 0.561, 0.587, 0.831, 0.775, respectively, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and non correlations was founded with PT, fibrinogen (FBG), and INR (r1 = 0.211, P1 = 0.233; r2 = -0.252, P2 = 0.142; r3 = 0.248, P3 = 0.148). Conclusions TEG can effectively monitor the change in coagulation in patients with sepsis, and distinguish the hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable state. TEG may be a valuable tool to evaluate degree and risk of sepsis objectively.

OBJECTIVE:To study whether there is interaction between ambroxol hydrochloride and amino?phylline.METHODS:16volunteer were randomly divided into trial group and control group.The blood concentration of amin_ ophylline was determinated with HPLC method,then the main parameters of pharmacokinetics of aminophylline were calculated with3p97software.RESULTS:The main parameters of pharmacokinetics of aminophylline in trial and control group were:K e (0.062?0.023)/h and(0.0905?0.013)/h;V(22.83?7.85)and(23.27?3.78)L;T 1/2 (12.51?4.2)and(7.77?0.89)h;AUC 0～21 (426.59?186.92)and(245.74?48.6)(mg?h)/L;CL(s)(23.17?9.83)and(34.84?6.00)ml/min respective?ly.CONCLUSION:Although ambroxol hydrochloride did not influence the distribution of aminophylline,but it could prolong the half time of aminophylline and increase the stagnation time of aminophylline in vivo.

Both with the advantages of fixed and removable dentures,the attachment prostheses is an important component of prosthodontics.At present,the resin base for the removable part of attachment denture was majorly made with traditional methods such as cartoning,resin-filling,heat treatment.But the produced fixed part of attachment denture was easy to be deformed or broken off during such processes.Here a method were introduced to produce resin base with injection moulding,which could avoid the occurrence of the mistakes of traditional methods and simplify the process.

Full ceramic prosthesis is becoming the main prosthetic development direction. As an important kind of full ceramic prosthesis, full ceramic veneer has not only natural cosmetic appearance and perfect biocompatibility, but also can preserve tooth structure as much as possible, which would be more easily accepted by patients for cosmetic prosthesis. Many methods, such as slip casting, die casting and CAD/CAM technology are available to make full ceramic veneer. All the methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Slip casting is easy to be developed widely with low cost, so be used in practical work. In this article, the working process of full ceramic veneer, especially manufacture of removable dies, duplication of refractory models, were introduced, which was supposed to be beneficial for the technicians.