Adult ; Chylothorax ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Neck Dissection ; adverse effects

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the aetiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease but its role in the disease mechanism remains unclear.To investigate the effect of synuclein on mitochondrial dysfunction induced by rotenone.The human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells were used as a cell model.The cells over-expressed the wild-type ?-synuclein were treated with complex I inhibitor rotenone.The cell viability,complex I activity,Mitochondrial swelling and O2-content were tested at different time point-1w,2w,4w after rotenone treated.CCK-8 test results showed that the cell viability of overexpressed ?-synuclein(SH-SY5Y-Syn)was much lower than the control group(SH-SY5Y-Ctr).After administrating with rotenone about 1w or 2w the cell viability of SH-SY5Y-Syn became higher than that of SH-SY5Y-Ctr.On the 4th week the results were contrary to the first 2 weeks.Similar results were got when test the mitochondrial function.In the first 2 weeks after roteoone administrating,the mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y-Syn was better than that of SH-SY5Y-Ctr.This suggest that the ?-synuclein could protect the mitochondrial against the injury induced by rotenone in the early stage-1w,2w,while this effect disappeared in the final stage-4w.

The nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key protein of endogenous antioxidant defense systems in the body. In response to oxidative stress, Nrf2 translocates to nucleus and binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), regulating the expression of a large amounts of antioxidant genes and maintaining a proper redox balance. The pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with generation of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a cardinal role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Nrf2-inducer compounds can reduce oxidant stress and have shown therapeutic efficacy in many neurodegenerative disease models. How to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway effectively has been received much attention. Here we provided an overview of specific mechanism of Nrf2-ARE pathway and the protective effects of Nrf2 in different neurodegenerative diseases, and summarized the Nrf2 activators recently in preclinical study.
Antioxidants ; physiology ; Humans ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; physiology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Adult ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; adverse effects ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Infertility, Male ; etiology ; Male ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Urethra

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation(HBO)therapy on serum con- centrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(slCAM-1),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sV- CAM-1),soluble E-selectin(sE-selectin)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in patients with aeute cerebral infarction and their clinical implications.Methods One hundred and twelve cases of cerehral infarction in the ca- rotid artery system were assigned into two groups.Patients in the routine treatment group(RT group,n=62)were treated with routine clinical treatment regime,whereas those in the HBO group(n=50)were treated with H BO ther- apy in additioo to routine clinical treatment.Thirty age- and sex-matched normal subjects were recruited and served as controls.The serum concentrations of sICAM-1,sVCAM-1,sE-selectin and MMP-9 were measured hy using ELISA method before and 10 days after treatment.The assessment of neurological deficits using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score was conducted before treatment,and at 10 and 30 days after treatment,and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated.Results The concentrations of sICAM-1,sVCAM-1,sE-selectin and MMP-9 of the patients were significantly higher than those of the control subjects.These parameters were all decreased signifi- cantly after treatment in the two patient groups.Moreover,these parameters were lower in the HBO group than those in the RT group after treatment.The NIHSS scores of HBO group were significantly lower than that of the RT group at the 30th clay post-treatment.The effective rate of HBO group was higher than that of RT group.Conclusion HBO therapy can decrease the serum levels of sICAM-1,sVCAM-1,sE-seleetin and MMP-9,which might be one of the mechanisms of HBO in the treatment of cerebral infarction.

Targeting the key questions in the scale development process of TCM syndrome, such as the definition of the concept, the construction of the theoretical framework, the quantitative classification of the items, the rational use of the statistical methods and so on, this article put forward that on the basis of carefully distinguishing the three concepts of syndrome diagnosis, syndrome evaluation and disease diagnosis, and based on TCM dialectical thinking and mathematical validation to build theoretical framework. A scientific and reasonable quantitative classification method was established based on the reliability and validity as indexes. Non-linear intelligent mathematical statistics and symptomatic index groups were used to analyze the ideas and methods of data mining, with a purpose to improve and perfect the methodology of the development of syndromes scale and to improve the establishment and application of the syndrome scale.

AIM:To investigate the value of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and flash electroretinogram (FERG) in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR), analyzing the correlation of early stage DR with PVEP and FERG.
METHODS: Sixty patients, 30 males and 30 females, participated in observation group. Their average age was 19. 42 ± 7. 78years. The duration of DM was < 5a. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Fasting blood glucose was 7. 8± 3. 6mmol/ L. There were 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, in control group. Their average age was 17. 2 ± 6. 52years. Best corrected visual acuity was 5. 0. Every participator was tested with PVEP and FERG according to ISCVE standard. The amplitude of PVEP and P100 latency were recorded. And the b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were showed down.
RESULTS: In observation group, P100 amplitude decreased and P100 latency increased, compared to those of control group ( P< 0. 01); b - wave latency, b -wave amplitude, a - wave latency, a - wave amplitude were different from those in control group(P<0. 01); the fasting blood glucose kept stable; P100 amplitude, b -wave amplitude and a-wave amplitude were not related to the DM duration; P100 latency, a-wave latency and b-wave latency were related to the DM duration.
CONCLUSION: PVEP are sensitive to optic neuron damage; FERG is desirable to detect the lesion of Müller cells and bipolar cells. P100 amplitude by PVEP, b-wave amplitude by FERG may be the most sensitive parameter for DR at early stage.

· AIM: To inspect and compare the functional vision of an aspheric intraocular lens (Tecnis) with those of conventional monofocal silicone and acrylic intraocular lens and multifocal intraocular lens (Array).· METHODS: The IOLs were tested in the eye model, which was designed to be optically equivalent to the theoretical eye model. The eye model is a combination of a spherical photographic lens with 35mm focal length ( IOL put in a water cell)and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The images constructed by the lenses are observed on a monitor of personal computer and the contrasts of the images are analyzed by using commercial image processing software.· RESULTS: The modulation transfer function of the eye model equals the scale produced by the theoretical eye model. The images constructed by changing the diameter of aperture stop and IOL.· CONCLUSION: The proposed eye model is useful for testing functional vision and for inspecting differences of intraocular lens.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the functional changes of stunned myocardium before and after coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) treatment,and clear the meaning of revascularization which CABG has brought to patients with diffused vascular changes.MethodsA total of 36 patients with 99％ diffused coronary artery stenosis in left anterior descending branch underwent non-pump CABG treatment in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery the First affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University.Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was repeatedly performed 1 week before operation and 10 days,1 month,and 3 months after CABG.Regional diastolic volumes,systolic volumes,ejection fractions,regional stroke volume to global diastolic volume and the values of abnormal segments before and after CABG were studied.ResultsOne week before operation and 10 days,1 month and 3 months after CABG,the differences of volumes between groups in the last phases of diastole and systolic were statistically significant in anterior wall basement segment,anterior septal basement segment,anterior wall intercalary segment,anterior septal intercalary segment,anterior wall of apex cordis and septation of apex cordis(F =3.51,3.55,4.08,4.05,2.98,3.01,all P ＜ 0.05; F =4.51,4.55,4.08,3.00,2.96,2.99,all P ＜ 0.05).The values of the six segments mentioned above,3 months after operation[(6.74 ± 1.23),(6.64 ± 1.21),(6.02 ± 1.10),(5.95 ± 1.09),(5.82 ± 1.06),(5.10 ± 0.93)ml; (2.74 ± 0.50),(2.69 ± 0.49),(2.51 ± 0.46),(2.32 ± 0.42),(2.36 ± 0.43),(2.03 ± 0.37)ml] were compared with those of 1 week before operation[(8.33 ± 1.52),(8.20 ± 1.50),(7.43 ± 1.36),(7.36 ± 1.34),(7.19 ± 1.31),(6.29 ± 1.15)ml; (4.94 ± 0.90),(4.85 ± 0.88),(4.53 ± 0.83),(4.18 ± 0.76),(4.25 ± 0.78 ),(3.65 ± 0.67)ml],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05); the differences between groups in regional ejection fractions,regional-global ejection fractions were statistically significant(F =4.56,4.88,4.28,3.15,2.93,2.88,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05; F =5.56,5.28,4.98,5.15,3.03,2.78,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Compared with 1 week before the operation, 1 month after the operation in regional ejection fractions,10 days,1 month in regionalglobal ejection fractions after the operation,4 segments of them were significantly improved(all P ＜ 0.05) and 3 months after operation,all the 6 segments had been improved significantly(all P ＜ 0.05).The maximum volume of the sum of group difference of the 6 segments and the 4 segments in the last phase of diastole was statistically significant(F =2.58,5.81,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ),and the summation began to decrease 10 days after the operation.The values of 3 months after operation[ (36.27 ± 1.10),(25.35 ± 1.16)ml] were compared with that of 1 week before operation[ (44.80 ± 1.36),(31.32 ± 1.43)ml ] the difference was statistically significant (all P＜ 0.05).The maximum volume summafion comparisons of 6 segments and 4 segments in the last phase of systolic had statistical significance(F =5.77,5.57,all P ＜ 0.01 ),and 10 days after the operation,the summation began to decrease.The values of 1 month[(16.4 0 ± 0.48),(11.58 ±0.51 )ml],and 3 months after operation[ (14.65 ± 0.45),(10.26 ± 0.46)ml],were compared with those of 1 week before operation[ (26.40 ± 0.80),(18.50 ± 0.84)ml],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsStunned myocardium can be improved through CABG in myocardium systolic,diastole function and ejection fractions of the relevant segments and all of this have proved that patients undergoing CABG revascularization can improve the heart function of the ischemic area.

OBJECTIVETo explore an optimal anesthesia method with less impact on hemodynamics and electrocardiogram (ECG) of old patients with coronary artery disease (CHD) during abdominal operation.

METHODSThe 133 CHD patients waiting for abdominal operation were randomly divided into continuous epidural anesthesia (EA) group, general anesthesia group (GA) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) group. Continuous monitoring was carried out during operation and mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SaO2), abnormal ECG were measured respectively at different time for comparison and the differences of the above hemodynamic parameters and abnormal ECG features were compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTSAt the 15 min and 30 min point after anesthesia, SaO2 in GA group was significantly increased compared to that in the EA group (P < 0.05). At 15 min, 30 min and 60 min point after anesthesia, MAP in CSEA group was significantly increased compared to that in the EA group (P < 0.05). At 30 min point after anesthesia, HR in CSEA group was increased significantly compared to the EA group (P < 0.05). At 15 min and 30 min point after anesthesia, SaO2 in the CSEA group was increased significantly compare to the EA group (P < 0.05). Compared with preanesthesia (T0) in EA group, MAP, HR and SaO2 decreased significantly at 15, 30 and 60 min after anesthesia (P < 0.05). The fluctuation of the three parameters in GA and CSEA groups were relatively small (P > 0.05). As well as the comparison of abnormal ECG among the 3 groups was concerned, the incidence of ST-T changes in GA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that in EA group at the time of 15 min, 30 min and 60 min after anesthesia and at the time of surgery termination (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The incidence of arrhythmia in GA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that in EA group at the time of 15 min, 30 min and 60 min after anesthesia (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with T0 in the same group, the incidences of ST-T changes and arrhythmia in GA or CSEA group at the time of 15, 30 and 60 min after anesthesia and at the time of surgery termination were significantly lower than that before anesthesia (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGA and CSEA have less impact on hemodynamics and have smaller incidence of abnormal ECG of old CHD patients with abdominal operation.

Aged ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Coronary Disease ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period