No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Local*

The detection of sperm DNA damage, as an important supplement to semen routine examination strategies, has been applied in some clinical andrology laboratories. What factors may lead to sperm DNA damage remains one of the concerns among many andrologists. Present studies show a variety of factors of sperm DNA damage, including age, environmental pollutants such as organophosphorus and organochloride pesticides, plasticizer, heavy metals such as lead, carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) and zearalenone (ZEA), male reproductive system diseases or systemic diseases such as varicocele, infection, tumor, spermatogenesis and maturation dysfunction, spinal cord injury and endocrine disorders, seasons and temperature, lifestyle, abstinence time, semen refrigeration, semen handling in vitro, and certain medications. Among them, spermatogenesis and sperm maturation dysfunction may be the most secretive factors, which are involved in the molecular mechanisms of sperm chromatin packaging and restructuring, such as the transformation of histone to protamine, single nucleotide polymorphism of genes, and the role of telomere, which may be one of the hotspots in the future studies of sperm DNA damage. Relevant researches in the future are expected to focus on the prevention of sperm DNA damage and clarification of its specific pathogenic mechanisms so as to provide some evidence for its treatment.
Age Factors ; Chromatin ; chemistry ; DNA Damage ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Protamines ; Semen ; drug effects ; Specimen Handling ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Telomere ; physiology ; Varicocele ; complications

Infant neurodevelopmental assessment is a basic method of estimated high risk infant early development outcome.The early individualized neurodevelopmental assessment consist of monthly observations and evaluations of the infants' behavior modulation,motor repertoire which includes non functional and functional motor,autonomic system stability and muscle tensility,etc.The aims of early neurodevelopmental assessment are to discover the brain developmental abnormal and brain injure induced by various risk factors.Basis of the characteristics of which early brain development have better plasticity,administed early intervention and training,which can intervent neurodevelopmental problems such as cerebral palsy and developmental delay.By developmental assessment also make infant' parents to understand their children' ability and mental specialty,being help for infants' nursing,caring and early education.The applied of neurodevelopmental assessment can provide a new way and idea for infant' early development and intervention.

The role of scintigraphic imaging has moved from the detection of lesions to the tissue-specific characterization of lesions over the past 2 decades. Major advances in nuclear medicine imaging include: 1) positron imaging, 2) improved instrumentation, such as the use of multidetector (dual or triple head) gamma cameras for single photon emission computed tomography, and 3) development of numerous new radiopharmaceuticals for positron or single photon imaging ( labeled glucose analogue, amino acids, fatty acids, hormones, drugs, receptor ligands, monoclonal antibodies, etc). These advanced have resulted in a significantly improved efficacy of radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of various of focal gepatic tumors is reviewed in this article with an emphasis on the clinical applications of various tracer studies and imaging findings.
Amino Acids ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Electrons ; Fatty Acids ; Gamma Cameras ; Glucose ; Hemangioma ; Ligands ; Nuclear Medicine* ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Gall bladder wall varices are unusual manifestations of protal hypertention. Authors report 4 cases of gall bladder wall varices which were easily detected in IV bolus CT. All of our cases showed main portal vein obstruction but preserved intrahepatic portal flows with development of cavernous transformation. We could easily identify tortous and tubular structures with strong contrast enhancement in the gall bladder wall, compatible with gall bladder wall varices, at the early phase of IV bolus CT. Comparing with Doppler sonography, IV bolus CT is an easy and useful method for detection of gall bladder wall varices even in case of no prior information for portal vein abnormality.
Diagnosis* ; Methods ; Portal Vein ; Urinary Bladder* ; Varicose Veins

No abstract available.
Alloys* ; Joints*

BACKGROUND: Carotid atherosclerosis and aortic at herosclerosis are both a predictor of atherosclertic cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between carotid and aortic atherosclerosis is not well known. METHODS: We performed B-mode ultrasound examinations of the carotid arteries in 38 consecutive elderly cases(13 men, mean age 69+/-3 years and 25 women, mean age 69+/-5 years) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography, to assess whether atherosclerosis in the carotid artery correlates with thoracic aortic atherosclerosis or may be a marker for it. RESULTS: The incidence of carotid and thoracic aortic atherosclerotic plaques were 44.7% and 50%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and thoracic aortic atherosclerosis(r=0.532, p<0.01), and a increase in the extent of aortic atherosclerosis with increasing grades of carotid atherosclerosis. In the entire study cases, the presence of carotid atherosclerosis had a sensitivity 63.2%, specificity 73.7%, positive value 72.6% and negative predictive value 66.7% in detec-ting thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: In the Korean elderly, B-mode ultra sound examination of the carotid arteries is a easy and useful technique for the prediction of the presence and severity of thoracic atherosclerosis.
Aged* ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Atherosclerosis* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases* ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography

Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Movement ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Patient Compliance ; Radiometry ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; Respiration

Acute Disease ; Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: About 70% patients with stroke have dysfunction at various degrees in clinic, especially aphasia would affect their social communication and even offer a serious economic load for family and social. This paper aims to summarize the relevant articles on aphasia recovery so as to provide researching evidences in the future. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were retrieved from the Medline with the key words of "aphasia, recovery, language, recovery" in English from January 1980 to January 2004. STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly, those which were related to aphasia recovery were selected, and the non-randomly clinical papers were excluded. The full text of rest was looked up to determine whether they were randomized controlled studies or not. Randomized controlled researches were regarded as inclusion criteria regardless of blind way. DATA EXTRACTION: Among 22 articles on aphasia recovery, 12 were selected according to inclusion criteria and 10 were excluded because of duplicated papers.DATA SYNTHESIS: Recovery of language function was related to sex,age, ducational degrees, characteristics of lesion, range of lesion, duration from episode to language recovery, insight and self redress of language disorder. Therefore, there were various findings and views for previous re searches on mechanism of aphasia recovery. CONCLUSION: There is not uniform conclusion on mechanism of aphasia recovery. Compliance of language function in brain may be a mechanism of aphasia recovery.