No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Local*

Abstract?AIM: To discuss clinical efficacy and safety of 10g/L atropine with short covering for children with amblyopia.?METHODS: Eighty -eight children ( 88 eyes ) with amblyopia, staying in hospital from February 2011 to February 2014 for treatment, were divided into control group ( n =44 ) and observation group ( n =44 ) . The control group only given short covering therapy was observed.Observation group was given 10g/L atropine treatment besides covering.Clinical efficacy, treatment compliance, visual acuity, corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye and adverse events were observed and compared.?RESULTS:1) After treatment, total effective rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group ( 80%, 35/44, P<0.05 ); 2 ) excellent compliance rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group (82%, 36/44, P<0.05);3) visual acuity of the two groups when the disease was first diagnosed was not significantly different (P>0.05), but increased number of lines of vision and corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye in the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05);4) in the observation group total rate of adverse events was 9% ( 4/44 ) , significantly lower than that in the control group (23%, 10/44, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, 1% atropine with short covering, is effective and safe for amblyopia in children.

Objective To determine serum cytokine profiles and levels in patients with early diabetic retinopathy(DR)by using antibody array technology and analyze their clinical significances.Methods Among 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,16 patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative DR were as DR group;and 16 patients without retinopathy,as diabetic control group.Eight healthy subjects were selected as normal control group.The profiles of 42 cytokines were detected by human cytokines antibody array(Raybiotech).Results Compared with diabetic control group,in DR group,levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78(ENA-78),growth related gene(GRO),regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),angiogenin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)increased significantly(P

The level of copayment increased in order to stabilize the financial condition of the health insurance on 1986. An important question regarding the policy was whether the increase in the level of copayments reduced the utilization of medical services in the poor selectively. In spite of the importance of the research question, no study has been reported. This study was designed to find out changes in nuniU rs of physician visits, to explain charac teristics influencing the difference of utilization before and after the program. Finally the interaction effect between the program and the level of income was examined for the abover question. A total of 10,421 persons from eight institutions was selected as the study sample. Research findings are as follows. 1. The number of physician visits decreased by ten percent as a result of increasing the level of copayment. 2. The decrease was remarkable in some groups such as children, rural area and large family. 3. The most important factor which explained the difference was the number of physician visits before the introduction of the new program.. The more numbers of physian visits during the last year were, the more numbers of physian visits decreased after the program. 4. The interaction term between the program and the level of income was statistically significant in the multiple regression model which explained physician visits and its coefficient was negative. It means that an increase in copayment did not reduced the number of physician visits in the poor, selectively. 5. It can be concluded that imposing adequate copayment reduces the use of medical services as well as medical costs without serious damage in access especially for the poor pule.
Child ; Humans ; Insurance, Health

The cholestasis are defined as blockade or secretory distrubance of bile and appearance of bile in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and biliary passages, usually associated with dilated bile canaliculi. Intra-and extraheptic cholestasis were induced by 17-ethinyl estradiol, or chlorpromazine hydrochloride and by ligation of bile duct to investigate the mechanism of the hepatic injury, ultrastructural changes of liver and alterations of liver function. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Functional and histological changes of intra-and extrahepatic cholestasis differed in various experimental groups. The liver weight is increased in 17-ethinyl estradiol treated group and ligation of bile duct group (5.6+/-0.15, P<0.001, 5.3+/-0.19 gm/100 gm body weight, P<0.001). The common features of intra-and extrahepatic cholestasis were double membrane bounded amorphous vesicular material infiltrations in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte, partial loss of microvilli of bile canaliculi, anf focal thickening of pericanalicular ectoplasm on electron microscopy. 2) Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by 17-ethinyl estradiol show significantly increased serum level of alkaline phosphatase and total bile aicd (134.0+/-16.82 IU/L, 29.5+/-4.68 umol/l). Kupffer cell proliferation and focal cytoplasmic degradation with myelin figures are characteristic features on electron microscopy. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride induced intrahepatic cholestasis show increased serum level of AST, ALT, Cholesterol and bilirubin (156.9+/-11.32, 49.0+/-2.83 IU/L, 59.3+/-6.73 mg/dl, 1.8+/-.043 mg/dl). Inflammatory cell infiltration, chiefly lymphocytes and esoinophils are seen in periportal area. Prominent vesiculation and vacuolations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are characteristic feature on electron microscopy. 3) Extrahepatic cholestasis induced by ligation of bile duct show increase serum level of AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, total bile acid, and bilirubin (290.2+/-50.24, 171.5+/-47.17, 159.3+/-24.54, 33.7+/-1.47 IU/L, 86.6+/-9.18 mg/dl, 246.6+/-27.34 umol/l, 13.9+/-0.83 mg/dl). Light microscopically, morphologic alterations are feathery degeneration of hepatocytes, proliferation of bile ducts, bile infarct and prominent intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. Electron microscopically, electron dense acidophilic body, bile casts and complete loss of microvilli are seen in dilated bile canaliculi. Also noted are hypertrophy of cannalicular ectoplasm. Finely granular materials are infiltrated in degenerative cytoplasm.
Rats ; Animals

Schneiderian papillomas are papillary lesions of the nasal cavity paranasal sinuses that arise from the Schneiderian membrane, a membrane of ectodermal origin embryologically derived from the nasal placodes. This membrane is characterized by transitional type epithelium, similar to bladder urothelium, with admixed microcysts or mucin droplets. It has a tendency to recur after removal and transform into malignancy even though rare. Total 27 cases of Schneiderian papillomas were examined in the Chosun University medical college, which were collected from 1978 to 1986. The results obtained were as follows: 1) There were 19 male and 8 female patients, and mean age at diagnosis was 50.5+/-12.0 (SD) year (27-74 years). 2) Nasal obstruction or perception of nasal mass was the most common presenting symptom; Mean duration of symptoms was 25.8+/-15.0 (SD) month (4-48 months). 3) Numbers of papillomas had predominantly endophytic (inverted, n=17) and predominantly exophytic (fungiofrom n=6) patients, and four had mixed pattern. 4) In 27 patients, recurrences developed in 9, local invasion in one (with an inverted papilloma), and epidermoid carcinoma in one (with an inverted papilloma).
Female ; Male ; Humans

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of altered reticuloendothelial function on the formation of nospecific reactive hepatitis in rats. Increased activity of reticuloendothelial system was evoked by methylcellulose treatment (20 mg/100 g). Partial depression of reticuloendothelial system was induced by splenectomy. Experimental nospecific reactive hepatitis was made by Escherichia coli treatment, artificial stomach perforation ileum ligation, respectively. The nonspecific reactive hepatitis thus made evaluated by liver function tests such as AST ALT and alkaline phosphatase. Histological and electron microscopical observation were also done. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Functional and histological changes of nospecific reactive hepatitis deffered with the disign employed. 2. Partial reduction of reticuloendothelial activity by splenectomy didn't influence the serverity of nonspecific reactive hepatitis. 3. Increase of reticuloendothelial activity by methylcellulose treatmetns reduced the severity of nonspecific reactive hepatitis lesion developed by E. coli treatment and stomach perforation, both functionally and morphologically. 4. Changes of nonspecific reactive hepatitis by lieum ligations, however, were aggrevated by increased recticuloendothelial activity. These results showed the divers effect of altered reticuloendothelial function on the degree of nonspecific reactive hepatitis according to the employed experimental designs.

No abstract available.
Busan* ; Epidemiology* ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Sepsis* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*