Several epidemic influenza viruses leading to worldwide periodical pandemics all result from the genetic reassortment of different influenza viruses. The novel 2009 A/H1N1 virus is a reassortment virus evolved from swine influenza virus A/H1N1, avian influenza virus H5N1, and human influenza virus A/H1N1. The 8 fragmente genes of the novel A/H1N1 virus had their own evolutionary characteristics. All the pandemic viruses in humans originate from avian influenza viruses and are transferred into humans after reassortment processes in pigs. Pigs as middle host and a mixing vessel of influenza A virus play an important role in the evolution of the 2009 novel A/H1N1 virus. More attention should be paid on the role of swine in the prevention and control of novel H1N1 virus epidemics in future.

Objective To study the protective effect of Acathopanax Senticosus(AS) to the neuron by toxicity of Glu.Methods With hippocampal slice in rats and histography technique,we observed the effect in OPS of ischemic hippocampal slice by Glu between AS group and no AS group,and the changes of ultrastructure in the two groups were also observed.Results In AS group OPS was decreased and disappeared after slice with Glu for 5 min,the recovery rate of OPS was 16.6%,the degree was 41.5%.There was significant difference in the two groups( P

Objective To study the feasibility and clinical experience of off-pump multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Sixty-one patients with AMI were treated surgically. The mean age of was (64.7?7.2) years. The last attack angina pectoris unreliable with use of Nitro-Glycerine, and the levels of CK-MB documented (3.5?1.8) times and TnI were (10.9?4.1) times higher than the normal. OPCAB was performed in sixty-one patients and in two patients, converted to cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients were followed up from twelve months to twenty-four months. Results The mean interval between the onset of AMI and the accomplishment of OPCAB was (115.8?15.1) hours ,and the number of distal anastomosis was (3.4?0.7)/pt. The mortality rate was 3.28%. During the period of follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and the results of echocardiography showed the function of ventricles improved. Conclusion Off-pump technique applying to multivessel coronary artery disease with AMI yielded satisfied clinical outcome. The morbidity and mortality of OPCAB is substantially lower maybe due to avoiding the adverse effects of CPB.

BACKGROUND: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is the important component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). The ACE gene has, in fact,insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16, consisting of a 287-base pair Alu repeat sequence. ACE gene heterozygotes insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is correlated with cardiovascular disease and IgA nephropathy and other diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of ACE gene I/D polymor-phism in Chinese Han population in comparison with other known ethnic populations. DESIGN: Observation study on healthy individuals of Han nationality. SETTING: Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology of Jiangsu Province; Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University; Department of aboratory Medicine, College of Medical Technology of Jiangsu University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 241 healthy individuals who received the healthy examination in the First Hospital of Soochow University between December 2005 and January 2006 were recruited in the experiment. They were 152 male and 89 female , with mean age of (27±8)years. All the participants without blood relationship were Han nationality from Suzhou region in China, free from disorder of hepatic, renal, endocrine and cardio- cerebrovascular diseases which were confirmed by clinical and experimen- tal examination. METHODS: Genotype of ACE gene I/D polymorphism allele of 241 healthy individuals of Han nationality was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR purified products with genotype of deletion/deletion (DD) and insertion/insertion (Ⅱ) polymorphism were performed DNA sequencing with fluorescence-labeled end termination method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genotype and allele frequency of ACE gene I/D, as well as the comparison between them and those of other ethnic population. RESULTS: All the 241 subjects participated in final result analysis. ① The genotypes of ACE were DD, Ⅱ and ID. Compared with allele Ⅰ, allele D lost 287-base pair Alu repeat sequence. ②The frequencies of genotype Ⅱ, ID and DD were 46.1％, 41.5％ and 12.4％ respectively, with an allelic frequency of 66.8％ for allele Ⅰ and 33.2％ for allele D. ③The distribution of ACE genotype was similar between Japanese and Han nationality crowd, both presenting that type Ⅱ was commonly seen and type DD was the least; ID was mostly found in European and American crowd, but Ⅱ was little found. There was racial diversify of frequency of the distribution of ACE genotype among individuals of Han nationality and Japanese as well as Europeans and Americans. Compared with other nationalities, allele Ⅰ of individuals of Han nationality was significantly higher than that of above nationalities (χ2=105.55,P ＜ 0.01), but allele D was obviously lower (χ2=87.54,P ＜ 0.01). CONCLUSION: ACE gene polymorphism has racial diversify. To know genetic features of ACE gene polymorphism of individuals of different na tionalities is the basis and prerequisite to study the correlation of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with diseases.

Purpose:To explore the effects of stem cell factor(SCF) in combination with erythropoietin (EPO) on erythropoiesis in patients with anemia associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods:Bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNC) from NHL patients and normal simples were cultured for 7 consecutives days in the presence or absence of SCF, EPO, and SCF+EPO in liquid medium. Erythropoiesis was analyzed by calculating the fraction of recovered erythroid cells and by flow cytometry. Results:Cultures stimulated with SCF+EPO contained a marked increased fractions of recovered erythroid cells compared to cells cultured in EPO alone in NHL simples (P

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population ; Transients and Migrants

Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; pathology ; Forehead ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland ; pathology

Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; Epidemiologic Research Design

Child, Preschool ; Fever ; etiology ; Histoplasmosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaundice ; etiology ; Male

Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; adverse effects ; Humans