OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of two kinds of cefaclor capsule in healthy volunteersMETHODS:Plasma cefaclor concentrations were measured with HPLC methodEach subject was administered with a single oral dose of domestic or imported cefaclor capsule(500mg)in a randomized crossover studyRESULTS:Plasma concentration-time curves of domestic and imported cefaclor capsules fitted to a one-compartment open model with a first order absorptionThe peak plasma levels(Cmax)averaged(1324?242)and (1329?314)?g/ml,times to reach the peak level(Tmax)were (058?0192)and(055?010)h,the elimination half lives(T1/2)were (042?009)and(041?009)h,the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve(AUC0～T)were (1581?153)and(1568?197)h/(?g?ml)respectivelyCONCLUSION:The results of statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalentThe relative bioavailability of domestic capsule was(10084?778)%

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE:To study the counteraction of melatonin(MT)on the oxidative damage model of brain tissues of mice caused by glutamic acid.METHODS:The mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group and melatonin(MT)(high dosage and low dosage)group.Drugs were injected(by intraperitoneal injection)into the mice of the MT group in advance for7days.Each group were injected with glutamic acid through lateral ventricle to form models,levels of MDA and GSH and the activity of GSH-PX of each group were determined.RESULTS:There was a significant increase in the level of MDA(P

Objective To survey the application of diagnosis and implementation of treatment guidelines of cerebrovascular disease( CAD)combined community acquired pneumonia( CAP)in the community of Shenyang. Methods Randomly chose 7 hospitals in different levels in districts and counties of Shenyang,and made a retrospective survey on the treatments of CAD combined CAP from Oct. 2009 to Jun. 2012 to clear the implementation. Meanwhile,the collected cases were divided into in compliance with guidelines group and non compliance with guidelines group. The information including clinical stable time,length of hospital stay,efficient treatment,empiric therapy and prognosis with the help of guidelines were collected. Results Four hundred and eighty-eight cases were qualified from collected 532 cases,in which,38. 5% initial diagnosis and treatment was accord with the guidelines formulated by the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association. The efficiency of initial empirical treatment was 84. 5%. The clinical stable time in compliance with guidelines group was (5. 00 ± 0. 27)d,better than that in non compliance with guidelines group((8. 00 ± 0. 45)d;P=0. 021). The length of hospital stay was(11. 00 ± 0. 25)d in compliance with guidelines group,significantly less than that in non compliance with guidelines group(( 14. 00 ± 0. 53 ) d;P =0. 015 ). The effective rate of patients with respiratory failure in compliance with guidelines group was 90. 9%,higher than non compliance with guidelines group(58. 6%),and the difference was significant(P=0. 026),while there were no significant differences in terms of gender,heart and lung diseases. Conclusion There is the smaller patient proportion that diagnosed and cured in accordance with the guidelines formulated by the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association. It is no distinctive difference for the efficient treatment of guidelines. But selected antibiotic application according to the guidelines can improve the clinical stable time and hospital stay of CAD combined CAP,as well as reduce invalid cases and reduce the mortality rate. The guidelines need to be further extended.

The effect of intravesical formalin instillation as a therapeutic modality for intractable bladder hemorrhage in well known. And despite clear evidence of therapeutic efficacy of intravesical cytotoxic drugs and / or BCG immunotherapy, there have been substantial recurrences during follow up after transurethral resection for superficial bladder tumor. If formalin injected at the bed of superficial bladder tumor is able to coagulate and necrotize the tumor, it will be greatly helpful to the patients with recurrent bladder tumor developed during follow up. Since this technique is applicable on outpatient basis, an economical as well as a psychological burden of the patients can be reduced considerably. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of submucosal formalin injection on rat bladder wall. 36 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 350 gm in average) were divided into 3 groups: In Group I (control group), 0.01ml of normal saline was injected submucosally at the left posterolateral wall of the bladder opened under intraperitoneal Nembutal anesthesia; In Group II and III, 0.01 ml of 10% and 4% formalin, respectively, were administered at the same site as in the Group I, two rats in each group were sacrificed at day 1, 2, and 3, and week 1, 2, and 4 after injection, respectively. Gross and microscopic examination of the cystectomized specimen were done in each group. In the Group II, bladder stones were formed at week 1, and in both the Group I and III, stones were seen at week 2 post injection. There was no significant difference in histologic findings of the bladder between the group II and III. Mucosal ulcer and/or prominent mucosal disruption was observed at 24 hours after injection in both Group II and III. Epithelial regeneration began at day 2, and was marked at day 3, and epithelial lining was almost normalized one week after injection. Subepithelial edema, telangiectasia and inflammatory reaction were prominent at 24 hours post formalin injection. Subepithelial edema persisted in moderate degree for 1 week. Telangiectasia and inflammatory reaction were noted for 4 weeks. Mild degree of these findings also appeared in the control group. Fibroblastic proliferation appeared at day 2 and persisted in moderate degree for 4 weeks. There has been no mortality or bladder perforation. These results suggest that clinical application of this technique is feasible for the selected cases of recurrent, solitary superficial bladder tumor. However, optimal dosage of formalin in relation to the size of the lesion remains to be investigated.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Edema ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Formaldehyde* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Mortality ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Outpatients ; Pentobarbital ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recurrence ; Regeneration ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Interleukin-2* ; Interleukins* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Receptors, Interleukin-2*

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and MUC5AC in lung of bronchial asthmatic murine model and the regulatory effect of dexamethasone on the expression. Methods: Forty-eight female C57BL/6 mice were evenly randomized into control group, asthma group and dexamethasone group. The pathological changes of the lungs and the wet/dry weight ratios of the lungs were determined in mice of each group. The expression of AQP5 and MUC5AC mRNA in the lung was determined by real-time poly-merase chain reaction (real-time PCR); the AQP5 protein was examined by Western blotting assay; the distribution of AQP5 protein in the pulmonary tissue was studied immunohistochemically; and the content of MUC5AC in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined by ELISA. Results: Compared with the control group, the pulmonary expression of AQP5 in asthma group was obviously decreased (mRNA by[42.5 ± 3.6]%, protein by [64.3 ± 8.2]%), while the expression of MUC5AC was increased (mRNA by[93.3±8.1]%,protein by[98.3%±7.2]%). Dexamethasone significantly decreased the pulmonary expression of AQP5 and MUC5AC compared with the asthma group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The decreased pulmonary expression of AQP5 in asthmatic mice might be related to the elevation of MUC5AC expression in the airway; dexamethasone can decrease AQP5 expression and therefore alleviate the overproduction of airway mucus, pulmonary inflammation and lung edema.

[Objective]To examine the mechanism and clinical outcome of the traction reduction method in treating the adult shoulder dislocation.[Method]From January 1997 to August 2007,68 patients diagnosed with shoulder-dislocation received reduction with this method.A retrospective and observational study of the outcomes was assessed in a number of patients.There were altogether 68 patients,51 male and 17 female,with an average age of 49(ranging from 16-82 years old).Forty of the cases occurred in the right shoulder and 28 others in the left,all caused by trauma:15 in traffic accidents,32 by injuries from falls,and 21 by sports injuries.Forty of the dislocations lied under the processus coracoideus,17 under the glenoid,6 under the collar bone and 5 post dislocation.Seventeen of the patients had recurrent dislocation,13 with nodules avulsion fracture of the humerus,2 with brachial plexus injury,3 with surgical neck of humerus fractures.The shortest time of restoration after injury was 30 minutes,and the longest 10 days,with an average of 2.1 days.[Result]Patients that had received the reduction method for 30 seconds to 5 minutes were all recovered with one treatment,the result being confirmed by X-rays.Sixty-four of the patients were followed up for 6-24 months and the clinical results were:61 cured and 3 turned to the better.[Conclusion]This method is easy and flexible in the reduction of adult shoulder dislocation,with fewer complications than other traditional methods.It accords with the shoulder anatomy and principles of bio-mechanics,and it is suitable to popularizing.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effect of melatonin(MT)on the increased influx of Ca 2+ induced by L-glutamate in cultured rat neurons.METHODS:Fura-2/AM,a Ca 2+ sensitive fluorescent indicator was used to load the brain cells isolated from new-born rats,and the intracellular dissociative Ca 2+ concentration(〔Ca 2+ 〕i)was measured with fluores?cence-spectrophotometer.RESULTS:The L-glutamate of concentration500?mol/L could markedly promote the influx of Ca 2+ and intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration(P