Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by orthostatic intolerance, a presentation of autonomic dysfunction which is frequently observed in the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, to date, there have been a few studies focusing on POTS in MS patients and the underlying pathomechanism. We present a 28-year-old woman with relapsing-remitting opticspinal multiple sclerosis who also suffered POTS and discuss the possible pathomechanism of POTS in MS.

"Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis"is a course of trivial and complicated contents,lacking systematization and consisten- cy.Therefore,the students are not interested in acquiring knowledge eagerly.How to improve the quality and efficiency of teach- ing is concluded as clear focus,constant renewed content and attractive class.

The liver is an important organ of the body,with an extraordinary capacity for responding to physical or chemical injuries by regenerating. The mechanisms behind liver regeneration are very complicated as hundreds of substances are involved.However,most of them are not liver-specific,such as HGF,EGF etc. We recently isolated a pure protein with hepatic stimulatory activity from the extract of a weanling calf liver and named its hepatopoietin Cn (HPPCn).This paper,with reference to our own work, mainly reviews the development and bioactivity about hepatic stimulator substance(HSS),augmenter of liver regeneration(ALR),hepassocin(HPS) and HPPCn,which are liver-specific biologically active peptides.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in C, uangdong province, and provide a reference for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in this population. Methods Three thousand two hundred and forty-seven blood samples were randomly selected from Guangzhou and 2984 blood samples from Shenzhen from January in 2005 to January in 2009. PCR and reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB) were adopted for detection of β-thalassemia mutations in Guangzhou and Shenzhen city. Results Seven hundred and fifty-one individuals in Guangzhou were found to have β-hemoglobin gene mutations, the detection rate was 23.13%(751/3247); 10 different mutations were identified, namely CD41-42(-TCTT), IVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T), -28(A→G), CDI7(A→T), CD71-72(+A), 13E, IVS-I-1(G→T), CD43(G→T), -29(A→G), CDI4-15(+G), which accounted for 42.53% (336/790) ,25.19% (199/790), 12.66% (100/790), 10.89% (86/790) ,3.29% (26/790), 2.15%(17/790), 1.27%( 10/790), 1.14%(9/790) ,0.51%(4/790) ,0.38%(3/790), respectively; the most common mutation was CD41-42(-TCTT), which accounted for 42.53%(336/790). In Shenzhen, 179 individuals were found to have β-thalassemia mutations, the detection rate was 6.00% (179/2984); 8 different mutations were identified excluding CD43 (G→T) and CD14-15 (+G); the most common mutation, however, was IVS-lI--654(C→T), which accounted for 40.44% (74/183). Conclusions The β-thalassemia mutations in Guangdong province are not only frequent, but also obviously heterogeneous, and the mutations differ from region to region. CD41-42 (-TCTT),ⅣS-Ⅱ-654(C→T), -28(A→G), CD17(A→T) were the 4 predominant mutations.

Objective: To study lignans and terpenes of Moringa oleifera Lam. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic techniques and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the compounds were identified through the combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence. The antineoplastic activity, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of compounds were evaluated by MTT method, PNPG method and Ellman colorimetric method, respectively. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated from M. oleifera by various chromatographic methods and were identified as lariciresinol (1), 3-(α,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzyl) tetrahydrofuran (2), (7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (3), macadiol (4), diethyl pinoresinol (5), pinoresinol (6), evofolin B (7), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4’-dihydroconiferyl alcohol (8), tricyclohumuladiol (9), 9α-hydroxy-2β-methoxyclovane (10), 3β-hydroxy-oleana-11,13 (18)-dien-28-oic acid (11), oleanolic acid (12). Compounds 12 showed antineoplastic activity. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Compounds 1-11 are separated from Moringa Adans for the first time. This plant has the potential of developing functional product for their antineoplastic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum and their anti-complementary activity. Methods: The isolation was guided by anti-complementary activity test, compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by the various spectroscopic data. The compounds were evaluated for the anti-complementary activity in vitro. Results: Twenty-eight compounds were isolated and identified as pentatriacontane (1), hentriantane (2), glutinone (3), friedelin (4), epifriedelanol (5), lupeol (6), oleanolic acid (7), ursolic acid (8), scopoletin (9), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (10), chrysoeriol (11), apigenin (12), kaempferol (13), maslinic acid (14), corosolic acid (15), euscaphic acid (16), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-oic acid (17), 19α-hydroxyoleanolic acid (18), caffeic acid (19), isoorientin (20), orientin (21), vitexin (22), isovitexin (23), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (24), isoquerecitrin (25), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (26), quceritin (27), and luteolin (28). Among them 25 compounds were tested for their anti-complementary activity and 5, 7, 8, 11-13, 15, 18-20, 23-25, 27, and 28 show the various inhibitions on the complement system towards the classical pathway. Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3, 6, 14-18, 23, 25 are obtained from this plant for the first time. Ursolic acid shows the strongest activity in vitro with the CH50 of 0.014 mg/mL.

No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis*

This paper describes the incidence and some epidemiological features of drowning accident out of a series of our study on the epidemiology of various accidents in Korea. By the daily press it is apparent from the frequent reporting of swimming accidents that the incidence would be high. In the rural areas, there are, at present about 1,250 artificial lakes and farm ponds to be utilized for rice production. The reservoirs, irrigation ditches and riversides are also used for recreation. In most places facilities for aquatic activities is meager, and safety measures for the prevention of drowning is not sufficiently enforced. In the survey crude data on drowning were collected from the concerned governmental statistic books for the period 1955 to 1967 which were compiled not in a uniform way. Drowning were classified into two categories, one is accidental drowning, E929 and the other is due to cataclysm, E934, according to the WHO international classification of diseases. Epidemiological variables in relation to drowning accident were obtained through qualitative analysis of informations from the popular newspapers. The following summary may be drawn; 1. The average number of deaths due to accidental drowning totaled 1,088 annually and the mortality rate per 100,000 population was 3.4. The 42.0% of all drowning were rescued and the remaining were not saved. 2. The sex ration(M/F) of the victims for all ages was 5 to 1, which had a wide range of difference among the age groups. The young ages less than 20 years occupied 68.0% of all deaths. 3. The percentage distribution of the causes of accidents revealed 31.9% for careless swimming, 45.5% for unskilled, 16.6% for swimmer's cramp and 6.0% for drunken. The distribution of places where accidents occurred showed 88.0% for rivers, water reservoirs, irrigation ditches and 12.0% for regular swimming pools. The seasonal distribution of cases indicated 85.0% of the total were seen during the summer months, June-August, and 50.0% of them occurred on Sundays. 4. The average annual deaths due to cataclysm were 402 and mortality rate per 100,000 population was 1.6, but the number of victims due to cataclysm varied greatly each year. 5. The accident cases due to cataclysm were classified into 60.0% for injuries, 40.0% for deaths. The 26.8% of all deaths were missing cases. 6. The deaths due to either accidental drowning or cataclysm totaled 1,490, and the death rate per 100,000 for the whole country was 5.0.
Drowning* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence* ; International Classification of Diseases ; Korea* ; Lakes ; Mortality ; Muscle Cramp ; Newspapers ; Ponds ; Recreation ; Rivers ; Seasons ; Swimming ; Swimming Pools ; Water ; Periodicals

No abstract available.
Contracture*

No abstract available.
Fingers*