Objective To compare the safety and feasibility of thoracoscope decortication and conventional thoracotomy decortication in treatment of senile chronic empyema.Methods Thirty-two patients with senile chronic empyema were selected,among total there were 10 patients received thoracoscope decortication (thoracoscope group) and 22 patients received conventional thoracotomy decortication (conventional thoracotomy group).The operative time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative total hydrothorax drainage volume,postoperative drainage time,postoperative thoracic rinse time,postoperative length of stay in hospital and postoperative antibiotic application time were compared between 2 groups.Results There was no statistical difference in operative time between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).The intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage time,postoperative total hydrothorax drainage volume,postoperative thoracic rinse time,postoperative antibiotic application time,postoperative length of stay in hospital in thoracoscope group were significantly better than those in conventional thoracotomy group [(331.00 ± 84.65)ml vs.(453.18 ±93.47) ml,(8.80 ±2.53) d vs.(11.59 ±3.57) d,(2 357.00 ±649.03) ml vs.(3 166.82 ±613.42) ml,(5.50 ±2.22) d vs.(7.68 ±2.95) d,(7.40 ± 1.65) d vs.(9.45 ±2.58) d,(12.20 ± 3.65) d vs.(15.32 ± 4.04) d],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Thoracoscope decortication is safe and feasible in treatment of senile chronic empyema.

This paper studies the differences of rational use of drugs policy between China and America,mainly focusing on the differences in the policy of clinical pharmacists,the research and development process of substitute for drugs,the guarantee system of medical treatment.In addition,it naturally analyzes the reasons for these kinds of differences from the view of culture and value.At last,it deeply summarizes the humanism positions and justice principles based on which the Rational Use of Drugs was drawn up from the angle of ethics.

Objective To investigate the effect of puerarin on preeclampsia-like rat placental tissue hypoxia inducible factor (hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)-1αexpression and study the mechanism of protective effects in rats.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,drugs intervention groups(low-dose,middle-dose,high dose)and model group.The rats in drugs intervention groups and model group were adopted endotoxin for induction of preeclampsia model.On the basis of the model group,low,medium and high dose groups were given 20.0,40.0,60.0 mg/kg puerarin by intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The blood pressure of tail artery,urine protein concentration were observed at different points and the expression of HIF-1αwere detected by PT-RCT in each group.Results The systolic blood pressure ,urine protein and HIF-1αprotein in model group were higher than control group(P<0.05 );serum NO concentration was lower than control group (P<0.05 );after the puerarin intervention,systolic blood pressure and urine protein concentration in drugs intervention groups were lower than model group (P<0.05 ),plasma NO concentration was higher than model group (P<0.05 )and HIF-1αprotein was lower than model group (P<0.05 );the placenta weight,weight and body length of newborn rats in drug intervention group were higher than model group (P<0.05 ).Conclusion Puerarin can reduce systolic blood pressure and urine protein levels,promote the level of NO in plasma and reduce HIF-1αlevel in placenta of rats.Puerarin can offer protection to rats with preeclampsia by decreasing the expression of HIF-1αin placental.

Objective To investigate distributions and drug resistance of pathogens in cirrhotic ascites comphcated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Methods Results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests of 117 aacitie specimens from cirrhotic patients with SBP were analyzed retrospectively. Results From the 117 ascitie specimens, 117 bacterial strains were isolated, among which 71 (60.68%)were gram-negative bacteria, 45 (38.46%) were gram-positive bacteria. The isolated strains were highly resistant to antibacterial agents, especially for Escherchia coli and Staphylococcu, the resistances to most antibiotics were above 60%. Conclusions High drug resistances were common for pathogenic bacteria in aacites of liver cirrhosis patients complicated with SBP.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection. METHODS: The interference test and bacterial endotoxin test of 28 batches of chlorphenamine maleate injections from 14 manufacturers were carried out in accordance with the bacterial endotoxin test approved by Chinese Pharmacopeia (2005 edition). RESULTS: Diluted to a concentration of below 0.025 mg?mL-1,the samples showed no interference action on bacterial endotoxin test. The limit value of the bacterial endotoxin was 5 EU?mg-1. The results of the bacterial endotoxin test of the 28 batches of samples were all accorded with the standard of the established quality control. CONCLUSION: The established TAL method is applicable for bacterial endotoxin test of chlorphenamine maleate injection.

Abstract?AIM: To discuss clinical efficacy and safety of 10g/L atropine with short covering for children with amblyopia.?METHODS: Eighty -eight children ( 88 eyes ) with amblyopia, staying in hospital from February 2011 to February 2014 for treatment, were divided into control group ( n =44 ) and observation group ( n =44 ) . The control group only given short covering therapy was observed.Observation group was given 10g/L atropine treatment besides covering.Clinical efficacy, treatment compliance, visual acuity, corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye and adverse events were observed and compared.?RESULTS:1) After treatment, total effective rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group ( 80%, 35/44, P<0.05 ); 2 ) excellent compliance rate of the observation group was 95% ( 42/44 ) , significantly higher than that of control group (82%, 36/44, P<0.05);3) visual acuity of the two groups when the disease was first diagnosed was not significantly different (P>0.05), but increased number of lines of vision and corrected spherical degree of amblyopia eye in the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05);4) in the observation group total rate of adverse events was 9% ( 4/44 ) , significantly lower than that in the control group (23%, 10/44, P<0.05).?CONCLUSION: The combined therapy, 1% atropine with short covering, is effective and safe for amblyopia in children.

Acute Disease ; Chromates ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Young Adult

Objective: To determine the distribution of CD4~+CD25~+FOXP3~+regulatory T cells (Treg) and Treg subsets in human colorectal carcinoma microenvironment and to explore their correlation with conventional clinico-pathological features.Methods: Frozen sections and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect FOXP3~+ Treg in flesh specimen collected from 42 patients with colorectal carcinoma.The number of FOXP3~+ Treg was evaluated in terms of its association with clinico-pathological feature in tumor and peri-cancer tissue.Double staining was performed to determine the expression of ICOS and FOXP~3.Results:The number of FOXP3~+ Treg in the colorectal carcinoma (mean 24.1) was significantly higher than that in peri-cancer tissue (mean 0.7).A higher number of tumor infiltrating FOXP3~+ Tregs was found in the patient groups with poor differentiation,lymphatic metastasis and non-distant metastasis as compared to the patient groups with well differentiation,non-lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis.The percentage of FOXP3~+ ICOS~+ Treg was higher in colorectal carcinoma(81% ) than that in peri-cancer tissue(10% ).Condusion: Increased FOXP3~+ Treg may influence the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma.Our data support the hypothesis that tumor infiltrating FOXP3~+ Tregs attenuate the immune response against cancer and suggest that strategy to overcome FOXP3~+ Treg function may be beneficial in the treatment of human colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proved that stress can affect immunity function and disturb homeostasis of bodies. Moderate exercise can alleviate the psychological stress reaction to some degree.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of moderate exercise on lymphocyte number in spleen and mesenteric lymph nod,interferon-y (IFN-γ) and interleukine-4(IL-4) level in serum, as well as Th1/Th2 balance in rats under chronic psychological stress.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized control animal experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Sports Human Science in Chengdu Sports University from May to October in 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 40 healthy male SD rats were divided by random digits table into 4 groups: control group, psychological stress group, exercise group and exercise+psychological stress group, with 10 ones in each group.METHODS: Before experiment, rats in exercise group and exercise+psychological stress group underwent 3 days of adaptive swimming training, 30 min/(t·d). During experiment, they were made swimming with no weight loading for 8 weeks, 60 min/(t·d).From day 2 post exercise on, rats in exercise+psychological stress group began to undergo the 21 days of chronic restraint stress,6 hours per day. At the same time, the chronic restraint stress models were established in the psychological stress group. Rats in the exercise group were fed for 22 days since the 8~(th) day of exercise ended. Rats in the control group were only fed without any intervention.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The lymphocyte number in spleen and mesenteric lymph node was measured, and ELISA was employed to measure IFN-y and IL-4 levels as well as the ratio of IFN-y/IL-4 in serum.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the lymphocyte number, the level of IFN-y and the ratio of IFN-y/IL-4 were significantly decreased in psychological stress group (P < 0.01 ), and the Thlf'rh2 balance was broken. Compared with the psychological group, the exercise+psychological stress group had got significantly higher lymphocyte number, IFN-γ level and ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 (P<0.05). The lymphocyte number in spleen and mesenteric lymph node in the exercise group showed not a difference of significance compared with the control group, but a tendency towards going up. There was no difference of significance in IFN-γ level and ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 among the exercise+psychological stress group, the exercise group and the control group.CONCLUSION: Moderate exercise can increase lymphocyte number in spleen and mesenteric lymph node significantly,up-regulate the IFN-γ level so as to regulate the disbalance of Th1/Th2, and maintain immunity homeostasis.

Objective To explore the mechanism of apeptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocyte induced by dihydroartemisinin. Methods Synovial tissues were cut from rheumatoid arthritis patients when who was under knee prosthesis. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to assess ser473-phosphorylated Akt. EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) was used to ana-lyze NF-κB activation. Results Dihydroartemisin can induce apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocyte in a dose-dependent manor from 2.5μmol/L to 10μmol/L. Rheumatoid Arthritis synoviocyte cultured with dihydroartemisinin in 5μmol/L or 10μmoL/L can significantly in-hibit serine 473 phosphorylation in Akt and activation of NF-κB. Conclusion Dihydroartemisinin can induce apoptosis in rheumatoid arthri-tis synoviocyte through Akt signal pathway.