Objective To investigate the changes of surface electromyographic signal during lumbar flexion-extension after sling exercise therapy (SET) in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP). Methods 30 patients with CNLBP received SET, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The surface electromyographic signals of erector spinae and multifidus of both sides were collected, when they were in erect position, flexion motion, maximum voluntary flexion, and back to erect position, before and after intervention. The average electromyogram (AEMG) was analyzed, and the flexion-relaxion ratio (FRR) was compared. Results The FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus were lower in the painful side than in the healthy side before intervention (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the FRRs of both erector spinae and multifidus between 2 sides after intervention. Conclusion SET may improve the active motion function of the erector spinae and multifidus of the painful side and recovery of flexion-relaxation phenomenon.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristic of Rathke′s cleft cyst and assess the effect of endoscopic en-donasal transsphenoidal surgery .Methods A retrospective research was performed on 9 patients who underwent endoscopic en-donasal transsphenoidal surgery .Neural endoscopic surgery by single nostril transsphenoidal approach ,partial resection of the cyst wall with drainage of the intracystic contents was performed in all patients .Results Symptoms in all patients were resolved or alle-viated .No CSF rhinorrhea ,permanent diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism happened .All patients were followed up for 4 to 12 months and no recurrence was found .Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a effective method for symptom-atic Rathke′s cleft cysts .

Objective To explore the effect of neuroendoscopic surgery for the removal of medium and large sized tuberculum sellae meningiomas through supraorbital keyhole approach.Methods A retrospective research was performed on 7 case of patients with tuberculum sellae meningioma who underwent endoscopic surgery through supraorbital keyhole approach.The main performance of patients as tumor diameter were 2.8-4.7 cm and the skin incision located at superciliary aich which size of intra-frontal bone window was 3.5 cm× 2.0 cm.Results Total removal was achieved in 7 cases(simpson Ⅰ grade in 2 patients,sirnpson 1Ⅱ grade in 5 patients).Postoperative,the visual outcomes of eyes were showed improvement in 9 eyes,remained steady in 3 eyes,and deterioration in 2 eyes.All patients were followed up for 6-13 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusion Neuroendoscopic surgery through supraorbital keyhole approach is an effective method for the resection of medium and large sized tuberculum sellae meningiomas.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between pulp chamber height and dentine thickness of mandibular first molar on long axis with age in a Chinese Han population by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 420 Chinese Han subjects(210 males and 210 females) were divided into 6 age groups as follows:15-24,25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64 and 65-74 years(n=70,35 males and 35 females).The height of pulp chamber and dentine thickness of the chamber root and floor of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was measured by Galileo software of CBCT in vertical direction and then statistical analysis was carried out.Results:On long axis,the height of pulp chamber was (0.85±0.54) mm in males and (0.79±0.51) mm in females(P>0.05);dentine thickness of the pulp chamber roof was (3.60±0.49) mm in males and (3.50±0.49) mm in females(P>0.05);and dentine thickness of the pulp chamber floor was (2.57±0.52) mm in males and (2.49±0.5) mm in females(P>0.05).With aging,the height of pulp chamber was decreased(P<0.05) and dentine thickness of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:In Chinese Han population,the of pulp chamber height of mandibular first permanent molar on long axis is related to age,The dentine thickness increased with ages,the increase of dentine thickness of pulp chamber floor is more significant than that of the roof.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gastrodin on AKT/NLRP3 pathway in BV-2 microglial pyroptosis model.Methods BV-2 microglia were divided into normal control group and model group(1 μg·mL-1 LPS+10 μmol·L-1 Nigericin),Gastrodin group(10,100 μg·mL-1 Gastrodin),inhibitor control group(10 μmol·L-1 LY294002),inhibitor group(100 μg·mL-1 Gastrodin+10 μmol·L-1 LY294002),using 1 μg·mL-1 LPS combination 10 μmol·L-1 Nigericin co intervened to induce pyroptosis of BV-2 microglia.CCK-8 observed the effect of Gastrodin on cell activity,and western blot detected p-AKT,NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β expression,immunofluorescence detection of NLRP3,p-AKT protein expression,Real-time PCR observation of IL-1β mRNA content.Molecular docking was used to determine the binding sites of Gastrodin to p-AKT1/2/3 and NLRP3 proteins.Results Compared with the control group(0 μg·mL-1 Gastrodin),0.1-1000 μg·mL-1 Gastrodin had no significant effect on BV-2 cell activity(P>0.05).In the western blot experiment,compared with the normal group,the expression p-AKT,NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,the expression of p-AKT,NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,IL-1β in Gastrodin group decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In immunofluorescence,the expression of NLRP3 in model group was significantly higher than that in normal group(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,the expression of p-AKT and NLRP3 in Gastrodin group decreased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with Gastrodin group,the expression of p-AKT and NLRP3 in the inhibitor group decreased(P<0.01).In the Real-time PCR experiment,compared with the normal group,IL-1β mRNA content in model group cells increased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,IL-1β mRNA content in Gastrodin group cells decreased(P<0.01).In the LDH content test,compared with the normal group,the LDH activity in the model group cells increased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with the model group,the intervention of 100 μg·mL-1 Gastrodin can reduce the LDH activity in the pyroptosis cells(P<0.01).In molecular docking,Gastrodin had the binding ability with AKT1/2/3 and NLRP3,with the binding energy range of(-6.6)-(-6.8),and the binding mode included hydrogen bond,van der Waals force,etc.Conclusion Gastrodin can improve the pyroptosis of BV-2 microglia by inhibiting AKT/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Dabuyuanjian in Against alzheimer's disease(AD)through network phar-macology and molecular docking technology,and to verify the molecular mechanism discovered by animal experiments.Methods:Net-work pharmacology was used to analyze the active ingredients and targets of AD in the treatment of large supplementary yuan decoc-tion.The core components of the drug were verified by molecular docking with the core protein by using AutoDock and PyMOL soft-ware.AD model mice were treated with Dabuyuanjian,and the core pathways which discovered were verified.Results:A total of 80 active ingredients and 107 disease targets were screened out.Dabuyuanjian had 95 targets in the treatment of AD,of which 35 were core targets.GO enrichment found that it mainly involved in programmed cell death process,apoptosis process and signal transduction regulation,etc.KEGG signaling pathway enrichment found that it mainly involved PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.Morris water maze experiment showed that Dabuyuanjian could reduce the escape latency of AD mice,and increase the number of crossing platform and time's target quadrant.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)showed that Dabuyuanjian could increase the number of positive labeled-NeuN cells in the hippocampal CA3 region of AD mice.Immunofluores-cence(IF)showed that Dabuyuanjian could inhibit the expression levels of(GFAP)and ionized calcium-binding protein 1(IBA1)in the hippocampal CA3 region of AD mice.Western blot experiments showed that Dabuyuanjian could increase the expression levels of phosphorylated adenylate-activated protein kinase α(AMPKα)and silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)in the hippocampus of AD mice.Conclusion:This study explores the mechanism of Dabuyuanjian against AD,and find that Dabuyuanjian can improve cognitive impairment,neuron loss and neuroinflammation via activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway of AD.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Cong Rong San(CRS)on neuronal injury and endoplasmic re-ticulum stess(ERS)in rat models of Alzheimer disease.METHODS:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats(2 months old)were randomly divided into control(CON),model(MOD),low-dose CRS(CRSD),medium-dose CRS(CRSZ),high-dose CRS(CRSG),and memantine hydrochloride(MJG)groups.Morris water maze experiments were used to assess learning and memory in the rats.The morphology of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was examined using HE and Nissl staining,and the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum in hippocampal cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Neuronal apoptosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was evaluated by TUNEL staining,while Western blot was used to assess the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),caspase-3,protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK),p-PERK,activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)in rat hippocampal tissues.RE-SULTS:Compared with those in the MOD group,rats in the CRSZ and CRSG groups showed improved learning and mem-ory,together with reduced hippocampal neuronal loss,PERK-ATF4-CHOP activity,and the expression of the pro-apoptot-ic proteins Bax and caspase-3,while the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased.CONCLUSION:Treatment with Cong Rong San was found to mitigate cognitive impairment,as well as damage and apoptosis in hippocam-pal neurons,in rat models of Alzheimer disease,possibly by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.