Objective:To establish the model of apoptosis of activated human ??T cells induced by restimulating with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen(Mtb-Ag). To investigate the roles of p38 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K) pathways in the apoptosis of activated human ??T cells induced by restimualting wih Mtb-Ag.Methods:Mtb-Ag activated human T cells(MtbAT) were cultured for 15 days to 25 days and restimulated with three concentrations of Mtb-Ag for 24 hours, and the apoptosis of ??T cells were measured by flowcytometry(FCM) using Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining. Mtb-AT were restimulating with Mtb-Ag(10 ?g/ml) for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, the apoptosis of ??T cells were detected. Mtb-AT cells were pretreated with SB203580(an inhibitor for p38 pathway), or LY294002(an inhibitor for PI3K pathway) for 60 minutes, and restimulating with Mtb-Ag for 3 hours, the apoptosis of ??T cells were detected.Results:Both 10.0 and 20.0 ?g/ml Mtb-Ag significantly induced the apoptosis of ??T cells(P0.05). Compared with control, the apoptosis of ??T cells could be significantly induced by restimulating MtbAT with Mtb-Ag(10.0 ?g/ml) for 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours(P0.05) in the percentages of apoptosis of ??T cells restimulated by Mtb-Ag(10.0 ?g/ml) between for 3 hours and for 24 hours, the percentages of apoptosis of the latter is higher than the former about 7.55%. The apoptosis of ??T cells induced by restimualting wih Mtb-Ag could be inhibited by SB203580(80.0 ?mol/L) or LY294002(10.0 ?mol/L), the inhibition rate of apoptosis was 91.6% and 43.1%, respectively.Conclusion:We established the model of apoptosis of activated human ??T cells by means of using Mtb-Ag(10.0 ?g/ml) to restimulate activated ??T cells for 3 hours. The test of inhibitors of signalling molecule suggested the signalling pathways including p38 and PI3K, participated in the apoptosis of activated human ??T cells restimulated by Mtb-Ag.

Objective To compare PCR-SBT to IMS-ELISA in the HLA-B27 detection in the ankylosing spondylitis (AS)pa-tients.Methods Simultaneously,PCR-SBT and IMS-ELISA were used to detect the HLA-B27 expression in peripheral blood samples which were suspected patients with AS from 120 cases.Chisquare test of paired design and the area under curve of receiver operating characteristics of SPSS17.0 software were used to evaluate the value of PCR-SBT and IMS-ELISA in HLA-B27 detection of AS patients.Results Among 120 cases of suspected patients with AS,the positive rates of HLA-B27 detected by PCR-SBT and IMS-ELISA were 45.83%(55/120)and 37.50% (45/120),respectively.There was statistical difference between the two methods in the HLA-B27 detection (χ2 =59.455,P =0.000).The sensibility and spe-cificity of PCR-SBT were 96.36% and 96.92%,respectively.While the sensibility and the specificity of IMS-ELISA were 69.09% and 89.23%,respectively.Area under the curve of two methods were 0.966 and 0.792,respectively.Conclusion In comparison with IMS-ELISA,the sensibility and the specificity of PCR-SBT in HLA-B27 detection were higher in AS diag-nosis,that is to say,PCR-SBT is better in HLA-B27 detection and AS diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) type Ⅰ caused by glypican-3 ( GPC3) gene mutations. Methods:Data of one neonate with SGBS type Ⅰ from Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University was reviewed retrospectively. Literature was retrieved to summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of SGBS type Ⅰ caused by GPC3 mutations, using terms of "Simpson-Golabi-Behmel type Ⅰ", "GPC3" and "glypican-3" from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database, Wanfang database, and PubMed from January 2010 till April 2021. Results:The male infant was admitted to the hospital at 4 h after birth due to "abdominal distension for 1 h", presenting with dysmorphic facial features, including macrocephaly, coarse face, broad nasal bridge, macrostomia, tongue with a groove in the middle, as well as macrosomatia, supernumerary nipples, and hypospadias. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel frameshift mutation (c.720delC) in GPC3 gene of the patient and his mother for hemizygous and heterozygous variation, respectively, based on which SGBS type Ⅰwas confirmed. During the follow-up, overgrowth, neuroblastoma, and motor development retardation were found in the boy. In addition to the index patient, 92 cases of SGBS type Ⅰ reported in 31 articles were analyzed, including 89(95.7%) males and 4(4.3%) females. The main clinical features were craniofacial dysmorphism, pre/postnatal overgrowth with multiple congenital anomalies. Most patients were combined with language disorders, motor retardation, and various degrees of dysnoesia, and were more likely to develop embryonic tumors. Among the 93 cases, 11(11.8%) suffered from tumors. Apart from 21 cases of termination, 63 cases were born alive and nine cases died after birth. Pathogenic variants in GPC3 gene were reported in 80 cases, which were nonsense mutation in 25 cases (31.2%), DNA fragment deletion in 21 cases (26.2%), frameshift mutation in 16 cases (20.0%), large duplications in eight cases (10.0%), missense mutation in five cases(6.2%), and splice site mutation in five cases(6.2%). Conclusions:SGBS type Ⅰ is an X-linked recessive genetic disease with various phenotypes. Patients with postnatal craniofacial dysmorphism, overgrowth, and multiple congenital anomalies should be highly suspected of SGBS type Ⅰ. Genetic testing is conducive to its early diagnosis. Treatment requires multidisciplinary cooperation and long-term follow-up, especially for those with tumors.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of sustained lung inflation (SLI) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 124 premature infants (gestational age <34 weeks and birth weight <2 000 g) diagnosed with NRDS and in need of PS treatment in Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University from July 1, 2016 to October 31, 2018. They were randomly divided into experimental or control group, with 62 cases in each. Infants in the experimental group were treated with SLI using T-piece and intratracheal PS, while those in the control group were given PS only. Blood gas analysis and measurement of fraction of inspiration O₂ (FiO₂) and ratio of partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) over FiO₂ were performed before and 1 h after PS injection. Results of the treatments and incidence of complications were compared. Paired samples t-test, two independent samples t-test, rank-sum test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 56 participants in the experimental group and 54 in the control group who were eventually analyzed. In the experimental group, the pH value, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂), FiO₂ and PO₂/FiO₂ at 1 h after PS injection were all improved compared with those before treatment [pH value: 7.26±0.09 vs 7.19±0.09, t=3.814; PCO₂: (51.5±12.6) vs (59.8±16.3) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=2.610; FiO₂: 26.0 (21.0-31.5)% vs 40.5 (38.5-51.5)%, U=392.000; PO₂/FiO₂: (284.6±117.9) vs (173.4±59.7) mmHg, t=6.427; all P<0.05]. The overall decrement of FiO₂ after PS injection in the experimental group was more significant than that in the control group [-10.0 (-15.0 to -5.0)% vs -5.0 (-8.0 to 0.0)%, U=706.500, P<0.001]. The experimental group had a higher rate of extubation within 24 h than the control group [80% (45/56) vs 71% (32/54), χ²=5.830, P=0.016]. However, no significant differences were shown in total mechanical ventilation time, non-invasive/high-flow nasal cannula ventilation time, the ratio of re-intubation within 72 h, or the incidence of air leak, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis or patent ductus arteriosus between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions SLI combined with PS for NRDS babies can increase the rate of extubation within 24 h and promote the down-regulation of FiO₂ without causing significant complications.