Objective To investigate the influence of diabetes on the early complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 179 patients with pancreatic cancer confirmed by pathology underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were divided into 81 cases of diabetes group and 98 cases of non-diabetes group according to the level of blood sugar.The fast blood glucose of patients in diabetes group were controlled at 5.6-11.2 mmol/L before surgery,the clinical and pathological data,surgery-related complications and systemic complications of two groups were compared.Results Of 179 patients,5 patients (2.79％) died of severe infection combined with cardiac and respiratory failure.Firm pancreatic texture occurred more in diabetes group than that in non-diabetes group(79.0％ vs 42.9％,x2 =13.62,P＜0.01),but no statistically significant difference in duration of operation,total bleeding,length of stay in hospital,diameter of pancreatic duct,tumor size,pathological pattern,whether reserved pylorus and methods of anastomosis between the two groups (P ＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pancreatic fistula,delayed gastric emptying,hemorrhage and infection between diabetes group and non-diabetes group (P ＞ 0.05),but the incidence of respiratory failure (4.9％ (4/81)),cardiac failure (9.9％ (8/81)) and renal failure (1.2％ (1/81)) in diabetes group were significantly higher than that in non-diabetes group (2.0％ (2/98),3.1％ (3/98),0(0/98);P=0.031,0.014,0.007).The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 26.3％ (47/179),and that of patients combined with diabetes (38.3％ (18/47)) and firm pancreatic texture (40.4％ (19/47)) were statistically lower than patients without diabetes and soft pancreatic texture (x2 =8.53,P ＜ 0.05;x2 =11.20,P＜0.01).Conclusion Pancreatic cancer has a big risk in pancreaticoduodenectomy,and those with diabetes would not increase the risk of pancreatic fistula,delayed gastric emptying,hemorrhage and infection when blood glucose is well controlled before surgery,but it has severe impact on systemic complications,so the perioperative blood glucose should be well controlled.

Objective To measure and evaluate slice sensitivity profile(SSP)and the full width at half-maximum(FWHM)for a 64-slice spiral CT system.Methods Using the same CT technique and body mode as those used for clinical CT,delta phantom was scanned with Somatom Sensation 64-slice spiral CT.SSPs and FWHM were measured both with reconstruction slice width of 0.6 mm at pitch = 0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25,1.50 and with reconstruction slice width of 0.6,1.0,1.5 mm at pitch = 1 respectively.Results For normal slice width of 0.6 mm,the measured FWHM,i.e.effective slice width,is 0.67,0.67,0.66,0.69,0.69 mm at different pitch.All the measured FWHM deviate less than 0.1mm from the nominal slice width.The measured SSPs are symmetrical,bell-shaped curves without far-reaching tails,and show only slight variations as a function of the spiral pitch.When reconstruction slice width increase,relative SSP become wider.Conclusions The variation of pitch hardly has effect all on SSP,effective slice width,and z-direction spatial resolution for Sensation 64-slice spiral CT system,which is helpful to optimize CT scanning protocol.

Objective To assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)and Spoligotyping in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristic of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in different regions in China.Methods 158 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, were verified by IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping.Results The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of spoligotyping. The result of spoligotyping was compared with the international spoligotype database. Fourteen types belonged to the shared types, in which the type 1 was epidemic and widely,called Beijing genotype. There was significantly difference among the mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P

Objective:To obtain eukaryotic expressing protein of chicken interferon ? (ChIFN-?) and research its anti-virus activity.Methods: Chicken interferon ? mature protein gene was cloned and amplified by reverse transcripition-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) from the total mRNA in the lymphocyte of chicken blood stimulated with ConA for 4～10 hours.The gene was inserted into the expression vector pPICZa-A,which had been cleaved by EcoR I and Xba I.The recombinant vector was linearized by Sac I and transferred into yeast Pichia pastoris,strain X33,anti-virus activity of the recombinant cytokine was detected by the classical experiment cell pathological effect inhibition assay.Results:The result showed that the preparation of recombinant interferon had higher anti-virus activity(10?48 U/ml).Conclusion: The recombinant chicken interferon ? with anti-virus bioactivity has been obtained.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the pathophysiological processes of tuberculous meningitis in mice.Methods Sixteen mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with H37RV suspension as the model group.Meanwhile,the other 16 mice were injected with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution as the control group.Thirty days later,all mice were decapitated and the brain tissue were respectively used to for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) incubation,pathological changes observation,MMP-9 activity detection by zymography,blood-brain-barrier permeability and moisture content detection,and immunofluorescence stain of MMP-9,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and integrin αM (OX-42).The t test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results Every experimental mouse was injected with (1.271±0.111) × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) M.tuberculosis.Thirty days later,the amount of M.tuberculosis in brain tissue homogenates was (4.900± 1.407) × 104 cfu/mL,and the hematoxylin and eosin staining showed dilatation of subarachnoid and ventricular and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells.The cumulative absorbance (A) of MMP-9 bands of brain tissue was 47 821 ± 19 932 in the model group and 10 082 ± 3 544 in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (t =3.728,P=0.010).The evans blue (EB) content of brain tissue was (11.8 ± 3.6) μg/g in model group and (4.7 ±3.4) μg/g in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.887,P=0.028).The moisture of brain tissue was 0.849±0.035 in model group and 0.775±0.037 in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.925,P=0.026).The immunofluorescence staining showed that the infected brain tissue expressed high degrees of MMP-9,GFAP and OX-42.And MMP-9 was overlapped with both GFAP and OX-42 obviously.Conclusions The activity of MMP-9 is significantly enhanced in brain tissue of mice suffering from tuberculous meningitis and participates in blood-brain barrier damage,tissue edema and inflammatory cells exudation.Microglia cells-astrocytes network is involved in the secretion of MMP-9.

Objective To detect specific polymorphisms in Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein(TIRAP) coding region for Chinese Han population, and verify whether they are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Methods Search TIRAP polymorphisms by sequencing in small sample; detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) by ligase detection reaction technique in large sample; analyze whether polymorphisms are related to tuberculosis by statistic methods. Results Four polymorphisms were present in the TIRAP coding region. 394A had higher frequencies in the tuberculosis(TB)group than the control. But allelic and genotypic analysis showed that there were no significant difference in statistic between TB patients and controls(P>0.05). The SNP G164A mutation related with TB patient's condition. Comparing to controls, retreatment patients' allelic frequencies had significant difference in statistic(P<0.05), sputum positive patients and lung cavitation patients had lower 164A frequencies. Conclusion TIRAP coding region polymorphisms may be risk factors for TB occurrence and development in Chinese Han population.

The definition of adjuvant in immunology is the non-specific immunopotentiator, which only performs auxiliary functions. With the appearance of various adjuvants and their successful application in some vaccines against infectious disease, they have received extensive attention and been studied in-depth. This review focused on the types, functions and prospects of adjuvants used in tuberculosis vaccines, aiming to provide reference for adjuvant selection and development in future.

Tuberculosis as an infectious disease is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The current diagnosis and treatment strategies cannot solve all clinical problems. Newer and more rapid tuberculosis diagnostic technologies with higher sensitivity, as well as more personalized host-oriented treatment strategies are still the important research directions in the future. Tuberculosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been one of the research hot spots in recent years. A series of lncRNA candidates with the potential diagnostic value for tuberculosis have been obtained using transcriptome sequencing and microarray technology. Meanwhile, lncRNAs have been also discovered to play an important role in antimicrobial defense mechanisms by regulating immune cell differentiation, autophagy/apoptosis, inflammatory responses and other biological processes. The current findings of lncRNAs as diagnostic candidates and their roles in tuberculosis were summarized in this review.

BACKGROUNDGenetic variations in the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) receptor 1 gene (IFNGR1) may contribute to tuberculosis (TB) risk in different populations. Many studies have investigated the relationship between IFNGR1 56C/T polymorphism and the susceptibility to TB, but have yielded conflicting results. A comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to provide a more accurate estimation of the relationship between them.

METHODSA literature search based on a combination of manual and computer-based methods was conducted on four English databases (PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and EBSCO) and three Chinese databases (Wanfang, CQVIP, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using either the fixed-effects model or the random-effects model for different genetic models based on the heterogeneity examination.

RESULTSA total of six studies comprising 1 497 confirmed TB cases and 1 802 controls were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant association was observed between IFNGR1 -56C/T polymorphism and TB susceptibility (C vs. T, OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.69-1.17; CC vs. TT, OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.18; TC vs. TT, OR = 1.031, 95% CI 0.872-1.219; CC+TC vs. TT, OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.64-1.26; CC vs. TC+TT, OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.66-1.29). In subgroup analysis, a significant association was found in the dominant model (CC+TC vs. TT, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.51) in Africans, but not in Asians or Caucasians.

CONCLUSIONSOur meta-analysis did not provide enough powerful evidence to identify a significant association between IFNGR1 -56C/T polymorphism and TB susceptibility in the overall population. In subgroup analysis, it indicates that IFNGR1 -56C/T is possibly associated with increased TB risk in Africans, but not in Asians or Caucasians. However, larger sample size and better-designed case-control studies are needed to validate these findings.

Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Receptors, Interferon ; genetics ; Tuberculosis ; genetics