Members of the tripartite-motif (TRIM) protein family share a highly conserved domain architecture known as RBCC motif,which is composed of a RING finger domain,one or two B-box domains,a coiled-coil domain as well as diverse types of C-terminal regions.TRIM proteins can not only maintain the normal physiological functions of the body,but also regulate the development of various diseases.In the current review,we focus on recent advances in the structures of TRIM proteins and their functions in the development of viral infection,cancer and neurodegenerative disease.

Objective To study the effects of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein ( Pup)-proteasome system on the growth of Mycobacterium strains.Methods The genes encoding Pup ( pup gene) and protea-someβsubunit ( prcB gene) were respectively knocked out from Mycobacterium smegmatis ( M.sm) strains by homologous recombination.The growth and viability of the wild-type and mutant strains of M.sm were an-alyzed under normal culture condition and under hypoxia as well as anaerobic conditions.Results The pup and prcB genes were completely and precisely knocked out from M.sm strains and the mutant strains were named △SM-Pup and△SM-prcB, respectively.The△SM-Pup strains grew faster than the wild type ( WT) and△SM-prcB strains.No significantly differences in the growth of M.sm were found between the WT and△SM-prcB strains.Conclusion The Pup-proteasome system was involved in the growth of M.sm, espe-cially the pup gene.There was difference between pup and prcB genes in regulating the growth of M.sm.The functions and influences of Pup-proteasome system still need further investigation.

Objective To assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)and Spoligotyping in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristic of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in different regions in China.Methods 158 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, were verified by IS6110-RFLP and spoligotyping.Results The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of spoligotyping. The result of spoligotyping was compared with the international spoligotype database. Fourteen types belonged to the shared types, in which the type 1 was epidemic and widely,called Beijing genotype. There was significantly difference among the mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P

Hepatic echinococcosis is a worldwide parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus.It divided into two parts,cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis.Surgical operation is the main treatment method and with huge trauma and risk.The treatment methods for hepatic echinococcosis became diverse with the development of minimally invasive treatment.High intensity focused ultrasound is an effective and safety treatment method for hepatic echinococosis.This paper introduced high intensity focused ultrasound treatment therapy in hepatic hydatid disease systematically.Introduced the principle,safety and efficacy,indications and therapeutic advantages,complications and shortcomings,through these aspects we could know about high intensity focused ultrasound treat for hepatic echinococcosis clearly.This paper introduced the prospect of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment in hepatic echinococcosis and affirmed the therapeutic value about it.This paper introduced a new method of minimally hvasive treatment,which is helpful for clinical treatment.

Objective To systematically evaluate the postoperative pancreatic fistula rate,overall postoperative morbidity rate,overall postoperative mortality rate and length of stay in external stent group versus no stent group for pancreaticcoduodenectomy.Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase and CBM data bases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of external stent versus no stent for pancreaticcoduodenectany.Meta-analysis was performed using the software RevMan 5.2.Results Four trials with 416 patients comparing external stent with no stent were included,the external stent group with 207 patients and the no stent group with 209 patients.The Meta-analysis revealed that,compared the external stent group with the no stent group,the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula was significantly reduced in the external stent group [RR =0.57,95％ CI(0.41,0.80),P =0.001],especially for the patinets of pancreatic diameter ≤ 3.0 mm[RR =0.55,95 ％ CI(0.37,0.82),P =0.003] and soft pancreatic [RR =0.67,95 ％ CI(0.45,0.99),P =0.040],the overall postoperative morbidity rate of external stent group versus.no stent group was reduced[RR =0.79,95 ％ CI (0.64,0.98),P =0.030],and length of stay was shortened [WMD =-3.98,95％ CI(-6.42,-1.54),P =0.001].There was no difference between the two groups regarding the postoperative pancreatic fistula rate of diameter ＞ 3.0 mm [RR =0.37,95 ％ CI(0.08,1.83),P =0.220],and the overall postoperative mortality rate [RR =0.86,95 ％ CI(0.28,2.65),P =0.800].Conclusions Exental stent significantly reduced the postoperative pancreatic fistula rate and overall postoperative morbidity rate 、shortened the length of stay,and thus it can be identified as a preferable option for Pancreaticcoduodenectomy.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and significance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in the pathophysiological processes of tuberculous meningitis in mice.Methods Sixteen mice were intracerebroventricularly injected with H37RV suspension as the model group.Meanwhile,the other 16 mice were injected with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution as the control group.Thirty days later,all mice were decapitated and the brain tissue were respectively used to for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) incubation,pathological changes observation,MMP-9 activity detection by zymography,blood-brain-barrier permeability and moisture content detection,and immunofluorescence stain of MMP-9,glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and integrin αM (OX-42).The t test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results Every experimental mouse was injected with (1.271±0.111) × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) M.tuberculosis.Thirty days later,the amount of M.tuberculosis in brain tissue homogenates was (4.900± 1.407) × 104 cfu/mL,and the hematoxylin and eosin staining showed dilatation of subarachnoid and ventricular and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells.The cumulative absorbance (A) of MMP-9 bands of brain tissue was 47 821 ± 19 932 in the model group and 10 082 ± 3 544 in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (t =3.728,P=0.010).The evans blue (EB) content of brain tissue was (11.8 ± 3.6) μg/g in model group and (4.7 ±3.4) μg/g in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.887,P=0.028).The moisture of brain tissue was 0.849±0.035 in model group and 0.775±0.037 in control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.925,P=0.026).The immunofluorescence staining showed that the infected brain tissue expressed high degrees of MMP-9,GFAP and OX-42.And MMP-9 was overlapped with both GFAP and OX-42 obviously.Conclusions The activity of MMP-9 is significantly enhanced in brain tissue of mice suffering from tuberculous meningitis and participates in blood-brain barrier damage,tissue edema and inflammatory cells exudation.Microglia cells-astrocytes network is involved in the secretion of MMP-9.

Objective To assess susceptibility of to 173 clinical M.tuberculosis isolates to by Micro-well Phage Replication Assay(MPRA).Methods To prepare the isolates and expose them to rifampin . To prepare phage D29 suspension . MPRA array for the susceptibility to rifampin.Results Compared with the absolute concentration method ,there were the same result of 38 isolate in 42 susceptible strains and of 124 isolate in 131 resistant strains. Between result of MPRA assay and absolute concentrstion (method,) concordance was 93.6%(38/42), susceptibility was 94.9%(124/131) and specificity is 90.5%((38/42).)Conclusion MPRA assay is a good and rapid method for drug susceptibility of rifampin.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum procalcitonin (PCT) level and intracranial atherosclerotic burden (ICASB) in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital were enrolled. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect serum PCT levels, and ICASB was evaluated based on the results of cranial magnetic resonance angiography. Univariate analysis was used to determine the baseline data among the different ICASB score groups. Then the independent correlation between serum PCT level and ICASB was determined by the ordinal logistic regression analysis. At the same time, the correlation between serum PCT level and ICASB was determined by the linear regression analysis. Results:A total of 291 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 161 male (55.3%), aged 64.5±8.4 years; median serum PCT level was 0.053 μg/L. According to the ICASB score, the patients were divided into 0 group ( n=155, 53.3%), 1-3 group ( n=95, 32.6%) and >3 group ( n=41, 14.1%). Univariate analysis showed that the age, serum homocysteine and PCT level, as well as the proportion of diabetes were significantly higher in the higher ICASB score group, while the proportion of the patients with atrial fibrillation was significantly lower (all P<0.05). Ordinal multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum PCT level was an independent factor for higher ICASB score (the 4 th quartile vs. the 1 st quartile: odds ratio, 2.015, 95% confidence interval 1.052-3.927; P=0.043). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum PCT level was positively correlated with the ICASB score ( r=0.253, P=0.001). Conclusion:The serum PCT level is correlated with ICASB.

Objective To investigate the immune protection of heparin-hinding hemagglutinin ad-hesin(HBHA) and to estimate its potential diagnostic value. Methods Native HBHA were used to stimu-late peripheral blood mononuelear cells (PBMCs) from different infected-cases including PPD negative healthy control, PPD positive latent tuberculosis(LTB) infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and the IFN-γ/in the supernatant of culture was detected. Meanwhile, HBHA specific IgG antibody in the sera was detected by ELISA. Results The middle level of HBHA specific IFN-γ of the three groups were 49.5 pg/ml, 781.9 pg/ml and 341.8 pg/ml, respectively. IFN-γ of latent tuberculosis group was much higher than that of the control, and slightly higher than that of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. And the absorbency of the IgG antibody to HBHA in the three groups was 0.212±0.066, 0.224 ± 0.076 and 0.285±0.078. lgG an-tibody in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than that of the healthy, including the control and the latent tuberculosis infection. Conclusion HBHA has good immunogenieity, and it can stimulate the LTB to release high level IFN-γ, suggests that the LTB doesn't develop active tuberculosis may rely on its protection. HBHA specific. IFN-γ release may identify 1,333 from the healthy. Anti-HBHA antibody plays an auxiliary role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To discuss the effects of acupuncture therapy on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with ischemic stroke; To explore the central mechanism of acupuncture therapy.Methods Ten is chemic stroke patients with hemiplegia limbs and ten matched control subjects were included. Treatment group was given anti-platelet aggregation, anticoagulation, and nutrition brain cell therapy. At the same time, acupuncture therapy was given, taking Jianyu, Quchi, Shousanli, Waiguan, Hegu, Zusanli, Fenglong, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, and Taichong, with even reinforcing-reducing method, and retaining the needle 30 min, manipulating needle every 10 min, once a day, 5 times a week, needle stopping for 2 d, for continuous 30 d. The health group did not undergo any treatment. BOLD-fMRI imaging technique was used, and based on RSET1.8 software, the parameters of brain activity before and after treatment were observed by amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method. The Results were compared with healthy group. Results Before treatment, the ALFF value of left caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus in the treatment group was lower than that in the health group, and the ALFF value of bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus, left grus frontalis superior, gyrus frontalis medius, gyrus temporalis medius and precuneus was higher than the health group (P<0.05). After treatment, the ALFF value in left caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus in the treatment group was higher than that before treatment, and the ALFF value in left gyrus frontalis superior, gyrus frontalis medius and precuneus decreased than before group (P<0.05).Conclusion In the resting state of the ischemic stroke patients with hemiplegia limbs, the principal injured brain regions are caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus. Acupuncture has a regulatory role for these brain areas, presumably may be the central mechanism of efficacy.