Objective To study the influence of environment oxygen supplement and passive smoking on the blood gas indexes in rabbits.Methods Eighty adult Newzealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups,20 in each.The oxygen supplement and passive smoking group was exposed to cigarette smoke produced by 25 burning cigarettes,four hours per time,consecutively for twenty-four hours,simultaneously exposed to oxygen produced by two oxygen generators(600-1 000 ml/min per generator).The oxygen supplement group was exposed to oxygen produced by two oxygen generators(600-1 000 ml/min per generator) consecutively for twenty-four hours.The passive smoking group was exposed to cigarette smoke produced by 25 burning cigarettes,four huors per time,consecutively for twenty-four hours.The control group was exposed to general feeding environment.The analysis of variance of factorial design(2?2) was conducted,five blood gas indexes were measured.Results Under the condition of surroundings oxygen increasing,the partial pressure of blood oxygen was improved significantly(P0.05).No evident interaction was found between surroundings oxygen increasing and passive smoking.Conclusion Oxygen metabolism can be improved by environment oxygen supplement in rabbits,and the effect of passive smoking on the investigated five blood gas indexes is not considered significant.

Objective To investigate the functions of microRNA-1 43 (miR-1 43)in esophageal cancer cell line ECA1 09.Methods ECA1 09 cells were transfected with negative control (NC),miR-1 43 mimics or miR-1 43 inhibitors.3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay was per-formed to evaluate the growth of ECA1 09 cells after transfection.Annexin V-FITC /PI apoptosis test kit was used to detect early apoptosis rate in ECA1 09 cells.Transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to compare the migration and invasion capacity of ECA1 09 among different groups.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein alteration after transfection.Results Three and four days after transfection,compared with NC (absorbance value:0.90 ±0.02 and 1 .09 ±0.07),miR-1 43 mimics inhibited ECA1 09 cell proliferation (absorbance value:0.66 ±0.05 and 0.80 ±0.04),while miR-1 43 inhibi-tors promoted cell proliferation (absorbance value:1 .1 3 ±0.09 and 1 .51 ±0.08),with statistical signifi-cances (F =49.1 6,P =0.000;F =1 00.34,P =0.000).Early-stage apoptosis rates of ECA1 09 transfected with NC,miR-1 43 mimics and miR-1 43 inhibitors were 3.42% ±0.72%,1 1 .63% ±1 .1 5% and 0.94% ± 0.1 0%,respectively,with statistical significance (F =1 51 .61 ,P =0.000).Meanwhile,compared with NC (migration cell number:336 ±1 3,invasion cell number:1 47 ±1 6),miR-1 43 mimics inhibited cell migration (1 48 ±1 6)and invasion (75 ±1 0),while miR-1 43 inhibitors promoted cell migration (51 0 ±1 4)and inva-sion (238 ±1 6),with statistical significances (F =470.99,P =0.000;F =90.04,P =0.000).Compared with NC (1 .00 ±0.00),miR-1 43 mimics down-regulated mRNA (relative expression level 0.22 ±0.08)and protein expression (relative expression level 0.46 ±0.08)of K-ras,whereas miR-1 43 inhibitors up-regulated mRNA (1 .55 ±0.1 2)and protein expression (1 .33 ±0.05)of K-ras (F =1 31 .36,P =0.000;F =88.1 7, P =0.000).Conclusion miR-1 43 functions as a tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer cell line ECA1 09, probably by down-regulating K-ras expression.

Objectives: By observing and evaluating the clinical curative effect systematically of electrical acupuncture (EA) on Tianshu (ST 25) on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS), to make it benefit for the application and spread of EA on Tianshu (ST 25)on D-IBS. Methods: 103 D-IBS matched the involved standards were allocated into treatment group (EA on ST 25, n=53) and control group (EA on Daheng, SP 15, n=50) in randomized,controlled and single-blind ways. Curative effect differences were analyzed by Ridit analysis.Results: The incidence of diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distention or abdominal discomfort, borborygmus, defecation urgency and defecation incompletion feeling were 100%,89.3%, 71.8%, 74.8%, 83.5% and 78.6% respectively in D-IBS. Generally, after treatment, 11cases got excellent results, 34 cases improved and 8 failed in treatment group, totally effective rate was 84.9%; while in control group, 4 cases got excellent effects, 26 improved and 20 failed,totally the effective rate was 60.0%. Conclusion: Compared with control group, EA on Tianshu (ST 25) has a better curative effect on D-IBS.

Objective To find the optimal scanning time window and then set up the normal binding potentials (BPs) of 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-(N-11C-methyl) tropane (11C-CFT) DAT PET/CT imaging.Methods Thirty-one healthy volunteers (20 males,11 females,average age:(55.7±2.3) years),who all gave written informed consent,were divided into three age and gender-matched groups according to block randomization.Each group underwent static PET/CT scan in different time windows from 40-60 min,60-80 min to 80-100 min after 11C-CFT injection.To determine the best scanning time window,the ratios of caudate and putamen of all volunteers were analyzed using automatic ROI method (caudate (putamen)/parieto-occipital cotex-1) and compared by one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test.The ratio of the same area between different age-groups and gender-groups was compared with independent two-sample t test.Results Ratios of left caudate (2.08±0.06,1.75±0.07and 1.77±0.12 respectively),right anterior putamen (2.33±0.06,1.95±0.09 and 2.08±0.12 respectively)and bilateral posterior putamen (left:1.88±0.66,1.55±0.88 and 1.72±0.09; right:1.98±0.07,1.61±0.09and 1.69±0.12) were all different in three time windows (F=3.588,3.345,4.479,3.557,all P＜0.05).There were significant differences in ratios of left caudate,right anterior and bilateral posterior putamen between 40-60 min and the 60-80 min (all P＜0.05),as well as the ratios of left caudate between 40-60 min and the 80-100 min group (P＜0.05).While no valid differences in ratios of those areas were shown between the groups of 60-80 min and 80-100 min scanning time window (all P＞0.05).DAT densities in right and left side of caudate,anterior and posterior putamen were significantly lower in the group over 60 years of age than those under 60 years (t=-3.260,-3.090,-3.270,-3.190,-2.270,-3.110,all P＜0.05),but were not different between gender-groups (t =0.367,0.522,0.144,0.524,0.166,0.004,all P＞0.05).Conclusions Sixty min after injection of 11C-CFT,the BPs achieve stable stage,so the best scanning time window of 11C-CFT DAT PET imaging was 60-80 min after injection.Identification of normal DAT distribution and understanding of normal BPs of 11C-CFF are necessary before its clinical application.

Objective To validate the reproducibility of abnormal cerebral metabolic characteristics in PD patients from different medical centers using 18F-FDG PET imaging.Methods A total of 108 subjects who were referred for resting-state brain 18 F-FDG PET imaging were retrospectively reviewed.Thirtythree PD patients (15 males,18 females,age:38-79 years) and 33 age-matched healthy controls (15 males,18 females,age:40-77 years) underwent evaluation at Shanghai Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Seventeen PD patients (10 males,7 females,age:44-74 years) and 17 age-matched healthy controls (6 males,11 females,age:42-67 years) underwent evaluation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.SPM was used to investigate the cerebral metabolic characteristics of the patients with two-sample t test.Statistically significant voxels were obtained by using familywise error rate (FWE;P＜0.05).Two sets of PD patients with abnormal glucose metabolism of brain regions were obtained and the cerebral metabolic characteristics were compared.Results Regarding the PD patients from Shanghai Huashan Hospital,the features of cerebral glucose metabolism by SPM analysis were demonstrated as follows:increased metabolism was found in the region of pons,cerebellum,thalamus,putamen and pallidum,while decreased metabolism was displayed in the region of parietal lobe and occipital lobe.The increased regions referred to 8 110 voxels and decreased regions referred to 2 810 voxels (P＜0.05).The similar metabolic pattern was found in PD patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.The increased metabolism was shown in the regions of pons,cerebellum,thalamus,putamen and pallidum,and referred to 15 573 voxels.The metabolism-decreased regions included parietal lobe,occipital lobe and frontal lobe,and referred to 3 945 voxels (P＜0.05).Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging results demonstrate similar metabolic pattern in PD patients from different medical centers,in whom the metabolism-increased regions are found in the pons,cerebellum,thalamus and pallidum and decreased regions were demonstrated in the parietal lobe and occipital lobe.The reproducibility from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging provides reliable evidence for the multi-center study in the differential diagnosis of PD.

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a condition characterized by rap id eye movement sleep without atonia and with complex behaviors associated with dreams.Numerous studies have revealed that idiopathic RBD is the prodromal manifestation of neurodegenerative disorders,especially those mediated by α-synuclein.The structural and functional imaging of RBD,including transcranial sonog raphy (TCS),MRI,SPECT,PET,are increasingly becoming the hot issues.This review summarizes the radionuclide imaging in RBD,which may be one of the most promising modalities to detect the biomarkers for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To identify abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism characteristics in patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging. Methods From January 2014 to January 2017, resting-state brain 18 F-FDG PET imaging was performed in 10 CBD patients (5 males, 5 females; average age: (63.4±6.2) years) and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (8 males, 12 female; average age: (63.6±6.2) years). Voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to analyze images to obtain the CBD-related brain metabolic characteristics. The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc) was compared between 2 groups by two-sample t test. Results Compared with healthy controls, CBD group demonstrated asymmetrically decreased glucose metabolism mainly in the cere-bral hemisphere opposite to the more clinically affected body side, including the superior, middle and inferi-or frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the superior and inferior parietal lobule, the angular gyrus, the supra-marginal gyrus, the precuneus, the middle occipital gyrus, the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, Heschl gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, the insula and the thalamus. And relatively increased glucose metabolism was present in ipsilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus, hippocampus, insula and putamen, bilateral cerebel-lum, paracentral lobules and pontine. The rCMRglc in those regions was significantly different between CBD patients and healthy controls (t values: 4.236-9.044, all P<0.01). Conclusion The asymmetric cerebral glucose metabolism features in CBD based on 18 F-FDG PET imaging contribute to the differential diagnosis between CBD patients and healthy subjects.

Objective To investigate the value of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism in single-case level.Methods SPM software was used to retrospectively analyze the 18F-FDG PET images of 160 patients (104males,56 females,age:30-82 years) who were suspected with Parkinsonism at baseline and were clinical confirmed by follow-up from April 2010 to December 2017.18F-FDG PET images of patients was compared with those of age-matched healthy controls in single-case level using two-sample t test in SPM software to obtain the imaging diagnosis.By comparing imaging diagnosis with the final clinical diagnosis,the diagnostic accuracy of SPM in the overall cohort as well as the early subcohort (duration of disease less than 2 years (56 males,22 females,age:50-82 years)) were calculated respectively.Results Among 160 patients with Parkinsonism,146(91.2％) had the same 18F-FDG PET diagnosis as their final clinical diagnosis.The diagnostic sensitivity for Parkinson's disease (PD),multiple system atrophy (MSA),progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortical basal ganglia degeneration (CBD) were 93.5％ (86/92),92.3％ (24/26),84.0％(21/25) and 15/17,respectively.The specificity were 95.6％(65/68),95.5％(128/134),96.3％ (130/135) and 100％(143/143),respectively.In the early subcohort,the analysis also achieved similar differential diagnosis effectiveness(92.3％).Conclmion The single-case 18F-FDG PET imaging SPM analysis can be helpful in the early differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism effectively.

Objective To study the effect of short-term treatment of subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship with the change of brain motor-related nerve pathways. Methods Five patients ( 2 males, 3 females;age:(63.6±11.8) years) with PD who underwent STN DBS between January 2014 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in "DBS-off"state before and 3 months after operation. Quantitative expression of PD-related metabolic pattern (PDRP) were calculated by scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis ( SSM/PCA) on PET images. Brain regions with changes of glucose metabolism after DBS were located by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired t test. Results Compared with pre-operation, PDRP expression (5.1±1.3 vs 2.9±1.8) and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor score (50.2±8.2 vs 28.0±5.4) of PD patients were significantly decreased 3 months after STN DBS (t values:6.17 and 3.88, both P<0.05). After DBS, the glucose metabolism of bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, insula, pons and cer-ebellum decreased, while the glucose metabolism of bilateral prefrontal motor area and parietooccipital lobe increased ( t=3.75, P<0.01) . Conclusions Short-term STN DBS therapy can inhibit the cortico-striatum-pallidum-hypothalamus-cortex motor loop, which is abnormally excitable in the brain of PD. PDRP, as an imaging characterization of the regulation of this loop, is expected to become an imaging marker for monito-ring the treatment of PD.