Objective: To investigate constitutional and phys ical stamina status in soldiers with different adaption periods in Tibetan areas . Methods: Two hundred and eithty-two male soldiers from a barr acks at an elevation of 3 600 m were divided into 2 groups: the veteran group ( n=143) in Tibet for 1.45±0.22 year, and the recruit group (n=139) in Ti bet for 0.33±0.00 years. The test items included body weight, cirumference, st a nding long jump, chin-up, 100 m dash and 3 000 m jogging, all were evaluated ac cording to the national military standard, which were Comprehensive Evaluation o f Health in Troops, and Examination and Evaluation of the Physical Stamina of So ldiers. Results: The physical stamina indexes of both the vetera ns and the recruits were up to the national military norm on the whole, ranking as moderate. The veteran group showed no significant difference in standing long jump and 100 m dash,（P<0.05), but obvious lower level in chin-up and 3 00 0 m jogging（P<0.01）, compared with the national military norm. The recr ui t group showed significant lower level in chin-up, 100 m dash, 3 000 m jogging as compared with the national military norm（P<0.01）, and also significant lower level in chin-up and 3 000 m jogging （P<0.05 or P<0.01) as compa red with the veteran group. Conclusion: The physical stamina of both the veterans and the recruits meet the basic national military requirements , ranking as moderate. The soldiers who have been in service for over 1 year hav e better explosive force, but they need more tolerance and aerobic exercises. Th e newly recruited need more exercise to raise tolerance to the hypoxic environme nt in plateau areas so as to shorten the adaption time to high altitude.

Objective To establish an isolation method for solid GTC in peripheral blood using EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads and evaluate the sensitivity of the method and its application significance. Methods Five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred MCF7 (breast cancer), KYSE70 (esophageal cancer), BxPC-3 (pancreatic cancer) and 9811P (stomach cancer) cells were added into 7. 5 ml erythrocyte lysed peripheral blood obtained from healthy volunteers respectively. EpCAM antibodylinked nanobeads were used to enrich cancer cells. The recovery rates of the in vitro added cancer cells were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Then, the untreated thirty cases of esophageal cancer (six cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, twenty-four cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-five cases of breast cancer (fifteen cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty cases of pancreatic cancer (five cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty-five cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-three gastric cancer (thirteen cases for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were enrolled to enrich the peripheral blood CTC. Thirty healthy volunteers and thirty gastritis patients served as two groups of control. Meanwhile the enriched CTC was identified by IF and HE staining. FISH was used to analyze the copy number of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 in two hundred esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic caner and gastric cancer CTC. Results After DAPI staining and mixing with 7.5 ml peripheral blood from healthy donors, the average cell recovery rates of KYSE70, MCF7, BxPC-3 and 9811P cells evaluated under fluorescence microscope were 87%, 87%, 86% and 88% (within group), and the recovery rates of 5 gradient dilution levels were 88%, 85%, 87%, 88% and 87% (intergroup). With a high sensitivity, this method was able to isolate one cancer cell in 107 white blood cells of peripheral blood. The positive rates of more than 2 CTC in the peripheral blood detected by this method were 50% (15/30) of esophageal cancer, 63% (22/35) of breast cancer, 70% (21/30) of pancreatic cancer and 61% (20/33) gastric cancer patients respectively,but no CTC was detected in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and gastritis patients (P = 0. 000).The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 were found in 80% esophageal cancer, 75% breast cancer, 65% pancreatic cancer and 59% gastric cancer. Conclusions The CTC isolation technique with EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads is sensitive and accurate. The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and 20 is frequent in CTC from esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer.

Background and purpose:Aberrant DNA methylation that leads to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes plays important roles in development and progression of breast cancer. Clinically, related gene methylation is considered to be a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the methylation status ofSox17 gene in breast cancer tissue and its corresponding plasma circulating DNA, as well as to investigate its value in breast cancer early diagnosis and prognosis.Methods:TheSox17 gene promoter methylation status was detected by MSP in 86 cases of breast cancer, 36 normal breast tissues and its paired plasma DNA, the results were analyzed with corresponding clinical and pathological features.Results:The frequency ofSox17 gene methylation rate among 86 breast cancer tissues was 77.9%(67/86), and was 61.6%(53/86)in plasma circulating DNA, however, noSox17 gene methylation was found in normal breast tissues.Sox17 gene promoter methylation in plasma circulating DNA was signiifcantly associated with the methylation status in tumor tissues (r=0.502,P=0.000). In breast cancer tissue specimens,Sox17 methylation status was significantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=6.18,P=0.041) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=13.54,P=0.001);Sox17 gene methylation rate was signiifcantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=27.06,P=0.000), tumor size (χ2=9.65,P=0.007) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=20.80,P=0.000) in plasma samples, and there was no signiifcant difference ofSox17 gene methylation between patient age, histological grade and ER, PR, HER-2/neu status.Conclusion:Sox17 gene promoter methylation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer, and may be associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, methylatedSox17 gene may be a useful tumor biomarker in plasma circulating DNA for breast cancer detection and disease monitoring.

In recent years, with the changes in living standards and dietary structure, the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been increasing year by year in China, and the incidence rate in the general population is as high as 29.81%. An increasingly epidemiological evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become one of the causes of increasing liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, establishing an appropriate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models for pre-clinical research is essential to elucidate its pathogenesis. This article summarizes the latest research progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models, which are common at home and abroad in recent years.

Objective To validate the performance of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)reagents using clinical and standard strains,and to evaluate the effectiveness and practica-bility of ddPCR technology in clinical applications.Methods The concordance rate,specificity,pre-cision,and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit were validated using clinical and standard strains.Blood samples from 74 patients with suspected bloodstream infections were collected,and both ddPCR and blood culture methods were used to determine the pathogens in the patient's blood samples.Results The average detection time of ddPCR for pathogens of bloodstream infection was 3.5 hours,which was able to complete the detection of over a dozen common pathogens simultaneously.The con-cordance rate,specificity,precision,and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit for bloodstream in-fection pathogens all met clinical requirements.Among the 74 patients with suspected bloodstream in-fections,the positive detection rate using the ddPCR method was 64.86％,while was 40.54％using blood culture,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The method of ddPCR can detect common pathogens of bloodstream infections rapidly,efficiently,and in large quantities,and its main detection performance can meet clinical needs.The combination of blood culture and ddPCR technology is conductive to early and rapid diagnosis of clinical bloodstream infection patients.

Objective To validate the performance of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)reagents using clinical and standard strains,and to evaluate the effectiveness and practica-bility of ddPCR technology in clinical applications.Methods The concordance rate,specificity,pre-cision,and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit were validated using clinical and standard strains.Blood samples from 74 patients with suspected bloodstream infections were collected,and both ddPCR and blood culture methods were used to determine the pathogens in the patient's blood samples.Results The average detection time of ddPCR for pathogens of bloodstream infection was 3.5 hours,which was able to complete the detection of over a dozen common pathogens simultaneously.The con-cordance rate,specificity,precision,and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit for bloodstream in-fection pathogens all met clinical requirements.Among the 74 patients with suspected bloodstream in-fections,the positive detection rate using the ddPCR method was 64.86％,while was 40.54％using blood culture,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion The method of ddPCR can detect common pathogens of bloodstream infections rapidly,efficiently,and in large quantities,and its main detection performance can meet clinical needs.The combination of blood culture and ddPCR technology is conductive to early and rapid diagnosis of clinical bloodstream infection patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of long-chain fat emulsion in parenteral nutrition therapy on the perioperative nutritional status of patients with low rectal cancer.Methods:A total of 204 patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery in the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the specific nutritional treatment methods, 100 cases in the study group used long-chain fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition support, and 104 cases in the control group used medium- and long-chain fat emulsion injection. After admission, the nutritional status of patients were evaluated according to the results of Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and related laboratory tests. At 7th day before the operation, the patients were treated with nutrition and electrolyte support. Parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition combined treatment and early enteral nutrition were given after the operation. The albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, total cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) at 7th day before the operation, 1st day after the operation and 7th day after the operation and the patient's first exhaust time after surgery, occurrence of postoperative complications, postoperative fever and total hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results:Postoperative first exhaust time [(42±11) h vs. (54±10) h], fever time [(48±8) h vs. (57±7) h], total hospital stay [(16.0±0.7) d vs. (18.0±0.9) d)], resting energy expenditure at the 7th day after surgery [(5 326±589) kJ/d vs. (5 840±599) kJ/d] and total cholesterol at the 7th day after surgery [(4.8±0.3) mmol/L vs. (5.0± 0.4) mmol/L] in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and albumin [(33±3) g/L vs. (28± 3) g/L], prealbumin [(0.189±0.041) g/L vs. (0.164±0.037) g/L] and retinol-binding protein [(0.039±0.016) g/L vs. (0.032±0.013) g/L] at the 7th day after surgery in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in other detection indexes between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The use of long-chain fat emulsion in low rectal cancer patients with malnutrition during the perioperative period may be more conducive to the recovery of the body.

The application of Raman spectroscopy in the field of laboratory medicine is making continuous progress and development. The biosensor platform based on Raman spectroscopy provides a new means for accurate molecular diagnosis of diseases. In particular, as a fast and non-destructive detection method, surface-enhanced Raman scattering has the advantages of simple sample preparation, little interference from water and real-time detection, and shows great application potential in the field of medical examination. At the same time, with the integration of SERS and other technologies, including electrochemistry, new nano-materials, microfluidic, biochip, DNA nano-machine, artificial intelligence and machine learning, it will play a more and more important role in the field of medical laboratory. With the deepening of SERS research and the cross-integration between multiple disciplines, it will be widely used in biomedical detection and is expected to become an important technology platform for the next generation of precision diagnosis.