Objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of erythropoietin (EPO) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) in rats.Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,the sham operation group (n =20),I/RI group (n =20),and EPO treatment combined I/RI group (n =20).The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30min utes and then loosed for 150min utes to establish the rat model of MIRI.Rats of EPO + I/RI group were injected with EPO(5000u/kg) in abdominal cavity,the others were injected with nomal sodium.The serum MDA content was determined in a method of the thiobarbituric (TBA),the cardiac injury markers(cTn Ⅰ,CK,CK-MB) contents were determined by ELISA.Results The serum MDA and MPO levels of the I/RI group were significantly higher than the sham group,difference was significant(t =10.445,9.848,all P ＜ 0.05) ; Intervention by EPO,the serum MDA and MPO levels of the EPO + I/RI group were significantly lower than the I/RI group,the difference was significant (t =5.087,6.683,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum cTn Ⅰ,CK and CK-MB levels of the I/RI group were significantly higher than the sham group,the difference was significant (t =8.153,5.411,3.729,P ＜ 0.05) ; Intervention by EPO,the serum cTn Ⅰ,CK and CK-MB levels of the EPO+ I/RI group were significantly lower than the I/RI group,the difference was significant(t =4.808,4.089,3.002,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion EPO has protective effect on MIRI,the effect may be through EPO's antioxidant,antiinflammatory and protective effect on myocardial cells in the MIRI rats.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets and tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets in the treatment of moderate cancer pain. Methods:Totally 290 cases of the patients with mod-erate pain were divided into the observation group with 148 cases and the control group with 142 cases. The observation group received oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets, while the control group was given tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets. The treatment course was 2 weeks, and the total efficiency and the incidence of adverse drug reactions( ADR) in the two groups were calculated and compared. Results:The total efficiency in the observation group and the control group was 92. 6% and 81. 7%, respec-tively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The incidence of ADR was 60. 1% and 57%, respectively with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The effect of oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets in the treatment of moderate cancer pain is better than that of tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets.

Objective To study the combined effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ( ELF-EMF ) exposure (50 Hz and 3 mT) and high temperature exposure on hsp22 and hsp26 expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Under the conditions of 50 Hz and 3 mT ELF-EMF,the male and female D.melanogaster was separately exposed for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃,and 35℃, respectively.The death rate, exercise capacity and the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were detected after exposure;or at 25℃and 35℃at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h, respectively.The hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were tested after exposure .Results After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, temperature had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the death rate, exercise capacity and the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster, but ELF-EMF had no significant effect (P>0.05).After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were significantly impacted(P<0.01) by gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time, and tem-perature was the most important factor .Gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time had some interaction with the results.Conclusion ELF-EMF can influence the expression levels of hsp22 and hsp26.ELF-EMF exposure contributes to heat tolerance in D.melanogaster through accelerated expression of hsp22 and hsp26.

ObjectiveTo evaluate endovascular stenting for TASC TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal arterial disease.MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2011,Endovascular treatments of 51 limbs TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal artery occlusions in 46 patients(27 male and 19 female) were retrospectively reviewed.Mean age was (70 ± 8 ) years ( range,52 years to 88 years).Severe intermittent claudication,rest pain,minor tissue defect and foot ulceration or gangrene were in 29 limbs,12 limbs,6 limbs and 4 limbs,respectively. Technical success rate,ankle brachial index (ABI),complication rate, and cumulative primary patency rate were evaluated. ResultsTechnical success rate was 90.2％.93 stents were placed in 46 limbs of the 42 patients.Postoperative ABI was increased in all patients.42 patients(46 lower limbs) were followed up for a mean period of 14.6 months.Primary,assisted-primary,and cumulative patency rates at 6 months were 81.0％,88.1％ and 90.5％.Primary,assisted-primary,and cumulative patency rates at 12 months were 66.7％,71.8％ and 79.5％ respectively. ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal arterial lesions is microinvasive,safe and effective.

Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (AWS). Methods Totally 175 patients diagnosed as alcohol dependence according to the criteria of ICD-10 were studied. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was applied for examining interrater consistency and Cronbach' s α for internal consistency. Factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity. Correlation analysis between AWS and CGI,Revised Clinic Institute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Scale(CIWA-Ar) were conducted to evaluate the criterion validity. Based on clinical criteria,ROC curve was calculated so as to test the discriminative ability and establish the cut-off point of the scale. Results ( 1 ) Reliability: ICC value was 0.93,and Cronbach's α was 0.83,which indicated good interrater and internal consistency. (2) Validity:the correlation coefficients of the two subscale with the total scale score were 0.78,0.83 respectively. The correlation coefficients between the subscale were 0. 81 and factor analysis revealed that each item of the scale had relatively high load on the primary factor (0.409 ～0.926). At the time of admission,the total score of the AWS was positively correlated with that of CGI ( r = 0.71, P < 0.05 ). The total score of the AWS also was positively correlated with that of CIWA-Ar ( r = 0. 86, P<0. 05). As treatment went on,total score of the AWS showed a downward trend,at the end of the first week,the total score of the AWS was positively correlated with that of CGI ( r = 0.62, P<0.05). (3)The cut-off point of AWS for mild alcohol withdrawal state was determined as ≥3. With this cut-off point,AWS had both high sensitivity (92.1% ) and specificity (73.5% ) ,and the area under curve (AUC) was 0. 91. The cut-off point of AWS for moderate withdrawal state was determined as ≥7, and the sensitivity and specificity of AWS were 94.3 % and 89.7 % respectively, with the AUC of 0.94. The cut-off point of AWS for severe withdrawal state was determined as ≥ 10. With this cut-off point AWS had both high sensitivity (94. 9% ) and high specificity (92.6% ) .with the AUC of 0.93. Conclusion AWS has good reliability and validity and can reflect the change of the disease and the efficacy of treatment.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,technique and preliminary clinical results of the intraoperative three-dimensional (3-D) computer navigation system assisted free vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Methods From October 2010 to April 2013,14 patients (18 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were treated by free vascularized fibular graft transfer,assisted by intraoperative3-D computer navigation system.Of 18 hips,8 were classified as stage Ⅱ ;6 as stage Ⅲ,4 as stage Ⅳ according to Steinberg system.The entire procedures were visualized and guided by the 3-D navigation system,including location of optimal entry point,exploration of the field,excision of the necrotic bone tissues,and the fibular grafting transfer with vessel anastomosis.The follow-up records included the results of X-ray,the Harris score of the hip,and the complications.Results Operations of all 14 patients (18 hips) were smooth and successful with patent vessel and umcompromised grafts evidenced by ECT scan at day 7 postoperatively.Postoperative X-ray confirmed the complete eradication of necrotic focuses with surrounding calcified bone and the accurate positioning of fibular grafts.The mean follow-up period was 23.6 months (8-29 months).Harris scores significantly improved from 57.5 ± 14.5 before operations to 87.5 ±2.5 after,with 6 hips' scores classified as Excellent,and 11 as Good.X-ray obtained more than 1 year after operation suggested improvement was achieved in 15 hips.Conclusion Intraoperative 3-D computer navigation system has multiple merits in assisting free vascularized fibular grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head,including clear anatomic structure,better accuracy,less damage,and reliable functional recovery,which imply it is a highly applicable approach.

ObjectiveTo classify the type of lumbosacral plexus nerve root injury.MethodsFrom November 2004 to August 2011,36 patients suffered with lumbarsacral plexus nerve root injury underwent surgical exploration in our department.There were 24 males and 12 females,aged from 7 to 49 years(average,29.5 years).By inductively analyzing the location and amount of nerve root injury,preoperative clinical manifestations and results of physical examination,the clinical typing of lumbarsacral plexus nerve root injury was made.ResultsLumbosacral plexus nerve root injury was classified into 6 types:total lumbosacral plexus nerve root injury (4 cases),lumbar plexus and upper sacral plexus nerve root injury (6 cases),sacral plexus nerve root injury (9 cases),upper sacral plexus nerve root injury (11 cases),lower sacral plexus nerve root injury(4 cases) and lumbar plexus injury(2 cases).There were 19 patients with total lumbosacral plexus nerve root injury,lumbar plexus and upper sacral plexus nerve root injury or sacral plexus nerve root injury,among which 73.7％(14/19) nerve root injury located in the spinal canal and all of them were nerve root avulsion or rupture.There were 17 patients with upper sacral plexus nerve root injury,lower sacral plexus nerve root injury or lumbar plexus nerve root injury,among which 64.7％ (11/17) nerve root injury located in intro-pelvic or pelvic sacral foramina,and all of them were distraction injury.ConclusionThis clinical typing is useful for the accurate diagnosis of lumbosacral plexus nerve root injury.In addition,it is also beneficial for judging the location and characteristics of nerve root injury.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular intervention to revise peripheral bypass problems through prosthetic approach.Methods Among 17 cases undergoing graft bypass anastomotic stenosis and graft thrombosis was identifled in 16 cases(inflow or outflow obstructive lesions in 10),inflow obstructive lessions in 1(without anastomotic and graft thrombosis).All revision procedures were taken under local anesthesia,16 patients were treated by means of surgical thrombectomy followed by endovascular intervention through prosthesis itself in addition to one who had no thrombectomy.The graft patency and clinical outcome were observed.Resuits Thirteen stents were implanted in 13patients with distal anastomotic stenosis and 1 with proximal anastomotic stenosis including 10 stentings/PTAs in iliac popliteal,posterior tibial or anterior tibial arteries.One stent was implanted in 1 patient with common femoral stenosis.Stenting were not used(abandoned)in 2 patients,of which one underwent a foot amputation and calf gangrene occurred a week later,and the other had a redo of grafting.Follow-up time is 1-35 months.with an average of 12±4 months.One had a below-knee amputation two months after intervention,the other had symptoms recurred and treated with a redo 3 months afterwards.the third died of myocardial infarction six months later.Grafts remained patent in the rest 13 patients at follow-up.Conclusions Endovascular intervention through prosthesis is a safe and effective method,which offers an alternative means to treat anastomotic stenosis.inflow or outflow obstructive lesions.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of the content of berberine hydrochloride, baicalin and osthole in Jinchan zhiyang capsules. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed in Hypersil BDS C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid-three triethylamine(50∶30∶19∶1, V/V/V/V) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 265 nm (berberine hydrochloride),280 nm (baicalin)and 322 nm(osthole). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS:The linear range of berberine hydrochloride,baicalin and osthole were 80-800 ng(r＝0.999 8),60-600 ng(r＝0.999 9),60-600 ng(r＝0.999 6),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The limits of quantitation were 80,60,60 ng,respectively,and the limits of detection were 24,20,20 ng,respectively. The recovery rates were 97.4%-98.3%(RSD＝0.33%,n＝6),98.4%-99.6%(RSD＝0.42%,n＝6)and 96.9%-99.0%(RSD＝0.92%,n＝6),respectively. RSDs of durability tests were all lower than 1.2%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple, accurate, precise, stable, reproducible and durable. It can be used for simultaneous determination of berberine hydrochloride,baicalin and osthole in Jinchan zhiyang capsules.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of urinary incontinence in elderly patients with ambulatory care, and to provide basis for further improving the nursing of elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 970 elderly hospitalized patients aged over 60 years in 24 hospitals of 10 cities in Southwest China by the international advisory committee on urinary incontinence ( ICI-Q-SF) . According to the questionnaires we had known the incidence about urinary incontinence of the elderly ambulatory inpatients and analyzed the relationship between some factors ( age, sex, marriage, self-perception of health assessment, toilet capacity and so on ) and urinary incontinence. Results This investigation shows that the incidence about urinary incontinence of the elderly ambulatory inpatients was 20. 5%. The severity of symptom was divided into 3 grades: mild, moderate and severe, the incidence were 58. 2%, 30. 2% and 11. 6%. Regression analysis showed that the high incidence of urinary incontinence occurred in these inpatients who was older, mateless, poor self-evaluation and poor toilet capacity (P<0. 05). Conclusions Elderly ambulatory inpatients are the people at high risks of urinary incontinence. This is affected by many factors, so we should strengthen the nursing intervention for this kind of patients.