BACKGROUND:Due to complex etiology, manifestations, symptoms, development and outcomes, there is no article about the detailed introduction of condylar resorption in China. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of condylar resorption, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of condylar resorption. METHODS:An online computer-based retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1990 and January 2014 was performed by the first author. The keywords were “temporomandibular joint, condylar resorption, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finaly 38 literatures on the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of condylar resorption were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Condylar resorption was subdivided into secondary condylar resorption and primary condylar resorption. Secondary condylar resorption has clear risk factors, including condylar fractures, orthognathic surgery, connective tissue or autoimmune diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Primary condylar resorption may be associated with lowered serum estradiol concentration. Condylar resorption can be diagnosed by imaging studies combined with clinical manifestations and disease history. Condylar resorption treatment measures mainly include medications, splint treatment, occlusal reconstruction, orthognathic surgery, rib-cartilage transplantation and total joint replacement surgery, in conjunction with orthodontic treatment. Currently, its complex etiology and pathogenesis has not been fuly elucidated, and we need to conduct further studies.

The clinical application of delayed double knotting over the entire microvascular ananstomotic for free tissues transform has the advantages of direct vision and it easy approachs,is useful to avoid the opposite wall biting and other mistakes.It is especially feasible in the management of the cases with endangium denudation.

Objective: To present a modified method for harvesting and shaping fibular flap in reconstruction of mandibular defect. Methods: Fibula flap harvesting was performed under non-blood-evacuation of the donor limb and two gaps were made at the upper and lower ends of the fibular flap during the flap harvesting. Step-like osteotomy was performed to obtain 3 segments(each segment was 3~5 cm in length) of fibular bone. The shaping was achieved by fitting the bone segments together based on the natural contour of the mandible. The modified operation was conducted in 7 patients for mandibular reconstruction. Results:The method was successfully used in all patients with less bleeding during the flap harvesting and after reconstruction.The bone segments were rigidly fixed with good bony consolidation and contour. No complications occurred.Conclusion: The modified fibular flap harvesting method is feasible in mandible reconstruction.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), one of the minimally invasive treatments available for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods A total of 337 cases of BPH were divided into 2 groups;of them 185 cases underwent HoLEP and 152,TURP.The volume of irrigating fluid absorption and blood loss,and other therapeutic results were measured and compared between the 2 groups. Results Comparison between HoLEP group and TURP group included the following:irrigating fluid absorption was (604.8?97.6)ml vs (1095.0?209.8)ml;blood loss,(124.3?24.1)ml vs (330.3?36.9)ml;resected prostate weight,(17.4?2.2)g vs (25.2?3.4)g;operating time,(54.9?20.0) min vs (45.1?18.0) min;catheterization time,(2.2?0.2) d vs (3.4?0.3)d;and length of hospital stay after operation, (5.2?1.1) d vs (8.8?1.3) d. Significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P

Objective To clone human papillomavirus type 16 genome from Anhui province, analyze genome se-quence of HPV16 and study its genomic characteristics. Methods Five pathological specimens of cervical cancer from Anhui province were collected and the total DNA was extracted. Specific primers were designed to clone HPV16 genome in four fragments. The sequence of four fragments was assembled manually and nucleotide sequence was analyzed after sequencing. Results A cervical pathological sample containing HPV16 was detected and the genome sequence with full length of 7 906 nts (GenBank accession number:KC935953) was obtained. Sequence alignment of genome nucleotide sequence showed that HPV16 of Thailand and HPV16 of Japan were more similar to HPV16 of Anhui (HPV16-Anhui) than other HPV genome nucleotide sequence, their similarity reached 99. 5%. Phylogeny tree analysis demonstrated that HPV16-Anhui and other 7 HPV16 clustered into a single branch. Con-clusion HPV16 genome nucleotide sequence is obtained from Anhui province for first time with great significance for further understanding of HPV16 variation from Anhui even east China.

Objective To provide the basis for the study of HPV16 E5 gene inthe pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by constructing three lentiviral vectors expressing HPV 16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene and transfecting o-ral epithelial cells with the vectors.Methods HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene was amplified using PCR and liga -ted into the lentiviral vector pLVX-AcGFP-N1 respectively to construct vectors pLVX -AcGFP-E5, pLVX-AcGFP-E6 and pLVX-AcGFP-E7, then respectively cotransfected 293T cells with packaging plasmids , viral supernatant was collected to respectively transfect oral epithelial cells .Afterpuromycin screening,oral epithelial cells with HPV 16 E5, E6,or E7 oncogene transfection were constructed , then reverse transcription PCR and western blotassays were performed for verifying HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 expression.Results pLVX-AcGFP-E5, pLVX-AcGFP-E6 and pLVX-AcGFP-E7 were successfully constructed, oral epithelial cells expressing HPV 16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene wereacquired, HPV16 E5,E6 or E7 expression was confirmed in oral epithelial cellsthrough reverse transcription PCR and western blot assays.Conclusion Three lentiviral vectors expressing HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene can successfully infect oral epithelial cells .

Objective To assess the effect of variable durations of warm ischemia on renal function early after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN ) and make the definite safety duration of renal warm ischemia.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients treated with LPN from October 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups based on warm ischemic time,namely group A (28 cases) with warm ischemia time less than 20 min,group B (34 cases) with warm ischemia time more than 20 min and less than 30 min, group C ( 14 cases ) with warm ischemia time more than 30 min.LPN was performed with renal artery clamping alone in all the patients.Preoperative and postoperative renal scintigraphic scan was performed to access glomerular filtration rate ( GFR) in all patients.The GFR values were compared among before, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The factors predicting the early renal injury were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.Results The renal GFR of the kidney underwent LPN decreased 19.43(17.70,22.06) ml/min at 1 week,17.04(13.94,20.70) ml/min at 1 month,13.82(10.72,18.73) ml/min at 3 months after the surgery in group C,respectively.In group A, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 12.07(10.91,13.42) ml/min,10.04(9.16,11.75) ml/min, 8.44(7.07,9.72) ml/min,respectively.In group B, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 13.64 (12.48,16.72) ml/min,10.29(9.17,14.27)ml/min,9.63(7.85,12.59) ml/min,respectively.The GFR decreased greater in group C than that in group A and B(P<0.05).The total renal GFR decreased (10.70 ± 4.93)ml/min at three months in group C,compared with (5.64 ±4.12)ml/min in group A and (6.37 ± 4.32)ml/min in group B,respectively.The decreased value in group C was greater than that in group A and B(P<0.05).However,the differences of the total renal GFR among the 3 groups were not significant at 1 week and 1 month(P>0.05).The multivariate regression analysis revealed that warm ischemia duration was the independent risk factor of the early renal injury.Conclusions Warm ischemia duration is the major factor regarding the early renal recovery after LPN.Warm ischemia time more than 30 min may not only greatly affect the renal function but also the renal function recovery rate.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets and tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets in the treatment of moderate cancer pain. Methods:Totally 290 cases of the patients with mod-erate pain were divided into the observation group with 148 cases and the control group with 142 cases. The observation group received oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets, while the control group was given tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets. The treatment course was 2 weeks, and the total efficiency and the incidence of adverse drug reactions( ADR) in the two groups were calculated and compared. Results:The total efficiency in the observation group and the control group was 92. 6% and 81. 7%, respec-tively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The incidence of ADR was 60. 1% and 57%, respectively with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The effect of oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release tablets in the treatment of moderate cancer pain is better than that of tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets.

ObjectiveTo present the innovative transurethral resection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff by Holmium laser and to compare the perioperative and oncological outcomes following nephroureterectomy using three different methods of managing the distal ureter and bladder cuff.Methods From January 2000 to December 2010,162 patients underwent excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff by transurethral Holmium laser (32 cases,Group A),transurethral electric resection (51 cases,Group B) or open procedure (79 cases,Group C) combined with open or retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.5 French ureteral balloon catheter was inserted into the targeted ureter to prevent possible microscopic tumor seeding.The therapeutic effectiveness,perioperative complications,postoperative recovery and oncologic outcomes were compared among groups.The follow-up time was 3 -96 months.ResultsGroup A and B showed statistically significant better results on the operative time (203.6 ± 31.5 min and 207.2 ±24.3 min),blood loss ( 127.4 ± 63.2 ml and 135.0 ± 82.7 ml) and postoperative hospital stay (5.8 ± 1.3d and 5.6 ±1.2 d) than those of Group C (248.0 ±42.9 min,484.5 ±217.7 ml,8.7 ±3.5 d),respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Six cases of obturator nervous reflex occurred in Group B,with 3 cases of bladder peroration and 2 conversions to open procedure.There were no difference in bladder tumor occurrence,retroperitoneal recurrence,tumor cell seeding and cancer-specific survival among the 3 groups.ConclusionsOur data have validated the superiority of transurethral approach over conventional open procedure including perioperative index,recovery and comparable oncologic outcomes with open group.Holmium laser demonstrated better results including fewer complication,cleaner surgical vision and operating accuracy than that of electric resection.Transurethral Holmium laser resection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff has been proved to be a technically innovative minimally invasive and oncological safe method.

Objective To compare the protective effect of double dose trimetazidine versus standard dose in patients with unstable angina and received PCI. Methods From September 2014 to June 2015,150 unstable angina pectoris patients who underwent PCI in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All the patients were randomized into two groups:the study group (patients given trimetazidine 40 mg tid 24 hours before operation) and the control group (patients given trimetazidine 20 mg tid 24 hours before operation). All patients received standard secondary prevention therapies of coronary heart disease. Comparison in the rates of angina pectoris attacks, ECG changes after PCI, levels of cardiac troponin I ( cTnI), myoglobin (Mb), creatine kinase isoenzyme ( CK-MB) and hs-CRP before and 12 hours after PCI was investigated between the 2 groups. Results Baseline data were comparable in the 2 groups. Rates of adverse drug reaction were lower in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (6. 7% vs. 2. 7% , P = 0. 439). There was no statistical difference between the two groups before PCI in terms of levels of cTNI and hs-CRP but was significantly lowered in the study group after PCI as compared to the control (both P < 0. 05 after PCI). The levels of CK-MB and Mb in the study group were lower than those in the control group after PCI, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rates of angina pectoris attacks and the changes in ST-T were less in the study group as compared to the control group without statistical significance. Conclusions Unstable angina pectoris patients receiving double dose of trimetazidine before PCI may enhance myocardial protection and reduce PCI related myocardial injury.