Smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis, yet the precise mechanisms by which smoking contributes to periodontal disease remain poorly understood. Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics have enabled a deeper exploration of the periodontal tissue microenvironment at single-cell resolution, offering new opportunities to investigate these mechanisms. In this study, we utilized Visium HD single-cell spatial transcriptomics to profile gingival tissues from 12 individuals, including those with periodontitis, those with smoking-associated periodontitis, and healthy controls. Our analysis revealed that smoking disrupts the epithelial barrier integrity, induces fibroblast alterations, and dysregulates fibroblast-epithelial cell communication, thereby exacerbating periodontitis. The spatial analysis showed that endothelial cells and macrophages are in close proximity and interact, which further promotes the progression of smoking-induced periodontal disease. Importantly, we found that targeting the endothelial CXCL12 signalling pathway in smoking-associated periodontitis reduced the proinflammatory macrophage phenotype, alleviated epithelial inflammation, and reduced alveolar bone resorption. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of smoking-associated periodontitis and highlight the potential of targeting the endothelial-macrophage interaction as a therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, this study establishes an essential information resource for investigating the effects of smoking on periodontitis, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic development for this prevalent and debilitating disease.
Humans ; Gingiva/cytology* ; Smoking/adverse effects* ; Male ; Periodontitis/pathology* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Macrophages ; Fibroblasts ; Endothelial Cells ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism*

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect and mechanism of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on the gingival epithelial barrier in the context of periodontal inflammation.Methods:IL-22 knockout (IL-22 KO) mice were constructed, and periodontitis mice models were established through oral gavage with polymicrobial inoculation. DNAs were extracted from the oral plaques of IL-22 KO periodontitis mice group ( n=7) and their wild-type littermates periodontitis group ( n=7) to establish a periodontitis-related oral microbiota database"PD-RiskMicroDB", determining the relationship between changes in oral microbiota and microbial function in two groups using 16S rRNA sequencing results. Gingival epithelial cells (GEC) were cultured by modified trypsinization method, and were stimulated with 100 μg/L IL-22, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) (multiplicity of infection:100), separately or together for 3 and 12 hours. The experimental groups were as follows: control group (no stimulation), IL-22 group, Pg group and Pg+IL-22 group. The expression of barrier protein E-cadherin in each group at 3 h was detected by immunofluorescence, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran-mediated epithelial cell permeability experiment was conducted to clarify the changes in permeability of GEC in each group at 3 and 12 h. The mRNA expressions of E-cadherin in the gingival epithelium of wild-type littermates periodontitis group and IL-22 KO periodontitis group were detected by RT-qPCR. Fifteen C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into control group ( n=5), periodontitis group ( n=5) and periodontitis+IL-22 treatment group ( n=5). RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to detect the expression level of E-cadherin in the gingival epithelium of each group. Results:16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the composition of oral microbiota changed in IL-22 KO periodontitis group, of which the abundance of bacterial genera related to periodontal tissue invasion was significantly increased (linear discriminant analysis score: 2.22, P=0.009), compared with wild-type littermates periodontitis group. In vitro cell experiments showed that after Pg infection for 3 hours, the cell connections of GEC in Pg group were interrupted, and the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin was reduced in Pg group compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin (mRNA: 0.69±0.12; protein: 0.60±0.12) were downregulated compared with the control group [mRNA: 1.00±0.00 ( P=0.043); protein: 1.04±0.08 ( P=0.003)], respectively. The fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin in the Pg+IL-22 group was enhanced compared with Pg group, and expression levels of E-cadherin mRNA (1.16±0.10) and protein (0.98±0.07) in Pg+IL-22 group showed a significant increase compared with Pg group [mRNA: 0.69±0.12 ( P=0.005); protein: 0.60±0.12 ( P=0.007)]. The result of epithelial permeability test showed that there was no statistical difference in epithelial permeability among control group, Pg group, IL-22 group and Pg+IL-22 group with treatment for 3 hours ( F=0.20, P=0.893). While when the treatment time turned to be 12 hours, the epithelial barrier permeability showed a significant increase in Pg group (1.39±0.15) compared with control group (1.00±0.00, P=0.027), and a decrease in Pg+IL-22 group (1.02±0.18) compared with Pg group (1.39±0.15, P=0.034). In vivo, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in the gingival epithelium of IL-22 KO periodontitis group decreased significantly (0.32±0.21) compared with wild-type littermates periodontitis group (1.01±0.01) ( t=5.70, P=0.005). Moreover, RT-qPCR and IHC staining results showed that the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin (0.40±0.07) and absorbance value of E-cadherin positive expression (0.02±0.00) in gingival epithelial tissue of periodontitis group were both significantly down-regulated compared with control group [mRNA: 1.00±0.00 ( P=0.005); absorbance value of E-cadherin positive expression: 0.04±0.01 ( P=0.006)]. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin (1.06±0.24) and the absorbance value of E-cadherin positive expression (0.03±0.01) were both observed increase in periodontitis+IL-22 treatment group compared with periodontitis group ( P=0.003, P=0.039). Conclusions:IL-22 may exert a protective effect on the gingival epithelial barrier in an inflammatory environment by regulating the invasiveness of oral microbiota and the expression of host barrier protein.

BACKGROUND:Cervical rotatory manipulation is widely used in the treatment of neck-related diseases with a clear curative effect,but it also has some risks in clinical practice.The previous study of our group found that cervical rotatory manipulation can reduce the tensile mechanical properties of the atherosclerotic carotid artery,but it is not clear about the effects of different cervical rotatory manipulations(positioning/non-positioning)and different degrees(mild/moderate/severe)of atherosclerosis on the tensile mechanical properties of the carotid artery. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of different cervical rotatory manipulations and different degrees of atherosclerosis on the tensile mechanical properties of the internal carotid artery. METHODS:The 120 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into eight experimental groups with different degrees of atherosclerosis and different cervical rotatory manipulations:severe atherosclerosis + positioning/non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation,moderate atherosclerosis + positioning/non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation,mild atherosclerosis + positioning/non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation,and normal rabbit + positioning/non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation,as well as three model control groups:mild/moderate/severe atherosclerosis + non-cervical rotatory manipulation,and the blank control group.Two-factor analysis of variance was used to explore the main effects and interactive effects of different cervical rotatory manipulations and different degrees of atherosclerosis on the tensile mechanical properties of the internal carotid artery.One-way analysis of variance was applied to explore the influence of different cervical rotatory manipulations on the tensile mechanical properties of the internal carotid artery under the same degree of atherosclerosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Both different cervical rotatory manipulations and different degrees of atherosclerosis were the main effect factors affecting the tensile mechanical properties of the internal carotid artery.(2)For both mild and severe atherosclerosis,both positioning and non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulations reduced the maximum stress of the internal carotid artery(P<0.05)and also increased the physiological elastic modulus of the internal carotid artery(P<0.05).(3)For moderate atherosclerosis,positioning and non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulations also increased the physiological elastic modulus of the internal carotid artery(P<0.05).Non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation reduced the maximum strain of the internal carotid artery(P<0.05),and its maximum strain was also less than the internal carotid artery of the positioning cervical rotatory manipulations(P<0.05).(4)For the normal internal carotid artery,in addition to the maximum strain,both positioning and non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulations had no statistically significant effects on other tensile mechanical indicators of the internal carotid artery(P>0.05).(5)The results suggest that both positioning and non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulations may increase the stiffness of the atherosclerotic internal carotid artery,reducing its elasticity and brittleness.Therefore,both positioning and non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulations may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in mild/moderate/severe atherosclerotic internal carotid artery,and the more severe the atherosclerosis is,the greater the risk of positioning/non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation treatment,but the risk of positioning cervical rotatory manipulation is not lower than that of non-positioning cervical rotatory manipulation.

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of testicular epidermoid cyst pa-tients.Methods Combined with literature,the clinical data of 7 patients with testicular epidermoid cyst in our hospital from July 2005 to Au-gust 2015 were analyzed.Results Histological examination showed testicular epidermoid cyst,postoperative recovery was good,no recurrence during 12 to 36 months’follow-up.Conclusion The testicular epidermoid cyst is rare in clinic,the clinical manifestations is similar to tes-ticular cancer,so it is often misdiagnosed as testicular cancer,which should be diagnosed by pathology,treated by testis preserved testicular tumor resection,and the prognosis is good.

Objective:To develop an HPLC determination method for ferulic acid and caffeic acid in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz fromdifferentorigins.Methods:ThecolumnwasAgilent-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),themobilephasewas0.2% acetonitrile-aceto-nitrile(70 ∶30),the UV detection was performed at 320 nm,the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the drift tube temperature was set at 35℃. Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0. 040-0. 500μg for ferulic acid(r=0. 999 8)and 0. 060-0. 750 μg for caffeic acid(r=0.999 8). The average recovery of ferulic acid and caffeic acid was 98.10%(RSD =1.08%)and 98.66%(RSD =0. 61%)(n=6), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate. It is suitable for the determination of ferulic acid and caffeic acid in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Objective To compare the safety and clinical effect of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN) on small renal cell carcino-ma. Methods The records of 65 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy in our hospital from March 2008 to March 2013 were retrospec-tively analyzed. 35 patients were given open partial nephrectomy and the other 30 patients were given LPN. Compared the operative time,blood loss,warm ischemia time,length of stay,positive marginrate,and occurance rate of complications between the two groups. Results There was no statistical difference in the mean size of tumor in the two groups. Compared to the OPN group,there was less blood loss,operative time, hospital stays and warm ischemia time in the LPN group. There was neither positive surgical margin nor renal function damage in the two groups. And during the follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months,there was no local recurrence. Conclusion Laparoscopic partial ne-phrectomy has a shorter operation time,less blood loss,shorter length of hospital stay compared with open partial nephrectomy,and it wouldn 't extend the time of warm ischemia,while the clinical effect of the two methods are similar.

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary limitations bladder amyloidosis. Methods Combined with literature,the clinical data of l patient of primary localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder in our hospital was analyzed. Results Histological examination revealed urinary bladder amyloidosis,the patient recovered well,no recurrence occurred during 18 months' follow-up. Conclusion The primary localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder is rare,which occurs mainly in middle-aged men. The main clinical symptoms are painless and hematuria,which is similar to bladder cancer and often misdiagnosed as blad-der cance. So the final diagnosis should be based on pathology. The main treatment is surgery. There are recurrent and malignant potential,the patients need a long-term follow-up after operation.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, vacuum sealing drainage technology has been widely used in the treatment of orthopedic wounds or to facilitate skin graft survival, both of which have achieved good results.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the curative effects of vacuum sealing drainage technology in the wound healing after limb open fractures, soft tissue defects, pressure sores, and chronic osteomyelitis.
METHODS:Fifty-four patients of fractures combined with soft tissue defects, postoperative exposed bone, osteomyelitis, a large area of pressure ulcers or severe infections, selected from the 273rd Hospital of PLA, were randomly divided into test and control groups according to the wishes of patients. The test group included 36 patients who were treated with vacuum sealing drainage using polyethylene ethanol hydration seaweed salt after debridement, and the control group included 18 patients who were treated with conventional dressing. Wound cleaning time, number of dressings, and wound healing time were detected and compared in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the wound cleaning time and wound healing time were shorter in the test group, and the number of dressings was also decreased in the test group (P<0.05). After removal of sponge dressings, in the test group, wound granulation was fresh and grew obviously with no exudates after the necrotic residue was removed and vacuum sealing drainage was changed. For the bone exposure patients, the wound area was reduced, or even there was no exposed bone any more. After skin grafting, vacuum suction and pressure due to vacuum sealing drainage technology made al skin grafts survive. In the patients with chronic osteomyelitis, the exudates were gradual y reduced until disappeared after vacuum sealing drainage was exchanged three or four times, and pathogens were not found in bacterial culture. After combined treatment of debridement and vacuum sealing drainage, there were many fresh granulations in the patients with large areas of pressure sores;after replacement of vacuum sealing drainage several times, the granulation grew to the same height with the surrounding skin.

This study was aimed to shed light on the biological and pharmaceutical characterization of the complexes of FUS1/hIL-12 double gene with cationic liposome, and to assess such complexes' transfection efficiency, stability and cytotoxicity; for they have the potential for use as drugs in gene therapy of lung cancer. Gel retardation assay, diameter measurement, and surface charge by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) were employed to select the appropriate ratio of "cationic liposome to DNA" of the double-gene and liposome complexes. The plasmid EGFP and plasmid PVITO2-hIL12-FUS1 mediated by cationic liposome were transfected into A549 lung cancer cells respectively, and the expression levels of EGFP and FUS1 and hIL-12 were determined by inverted fluorescence microscope and immunohistochemical and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to detect the stability of the double-gene and liposome complexes, after they were incubated with serum and Dnase I respectively. After the erythrocytes being incubated with the complexes of FUS1/hIL-12 with cationic liposome, the morphology of erythrocyte was observed by microscopy. The result of this study provides a basis for the use of the complexes of FUS1/hIL-12 with cationic liposome in gene therapy of lung cancer.
Cations ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; genetics ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Transfection ; methods ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics