OBJECTIVE: A probing study of pharmacological action and gateway of ginger, a traditional Chinese medicine, on cerebrovascular disease.DATA SOURCE: Retrieved on documents via computer in Medline from January 1980 to December 2003 about function and mechanism of ginger on cerebrovascular disease with retrieval subjects: "Zingiber officinale Rosc", and the defined type of language in English.STUDY SELECTION: Retrieved on documents relative to ginger, and screened the documentations about function and mechanism of cerebrovascular disease one by one, and including in vivo animal test, in vivo and in vitro and clinical researches.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 108 articles about ginger were retrieved,of which 24 articles relative to analysis of chemical compositions were included; 80 articles about pharmacological action were retrieved, including 29 articles about function of cardio-cerebral vessels, 8 articles about function of cerebral vessels. The articles were classified, summarized and appraised respectively, and views and prospects about the existing problems were put forward.DATA SYNTHESIS:①Pharmacological action of ginger with regard to the formation of anticoagulation and antithromboembolism: Test in vitro indicated that the water extract and its organic solvent extract could inhibit platelet aggregation and blood platelet thromboebolism, and its function would be enhanced with the enlargement of dosage. Test in vivo indicated that administration by gavage in terms of water extract, volatile oil, and ethyl alcohol could inhibit platelet aggregation. The inhibitory function of ginger on platelet aggregation were related with cyclooxygenase activity. Clinical researches showed that Rhizoma Zingiberis Recents and powder of ginger could inhibit platelet aggregation, but the effect would depend on the dosage of ginger.②Pharmacological action with regard to improvement of ceberal circulation: Manifested by remission of vasospasm, diminution of velocity of blood flow, improvement of metabolism of ischemic tissue and the anoxic condition and positive protection for the brain.CONCLUSION: Pharmacological actions of ginger on cerebrovascular disease were manifested with anticoagulation and antithromboembolism and improvement of ceberal circulation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the antipruritic effect of Yinxieling tablet.METHODS: To pruritus model was made using dextran-40 to induce endogenous histamine release. The latent time for the onset of scratching after giving dextran-40 in Jimpy mice and the frequency of scratching within 30 min were observed. Histamine phosphate was given by endermic injection meanwhile evans blue physiologic saline was injected to caudal vein for staining in Jimpy mice, 30 min later, blue-stain skin was cut for the measurement of size of evans blue spots. RESULTS: The latent time was significantly longer and the scratching times were significantly less in Yinxieling tablet groups(high,middle, and low doses) than in blank group, however, no significant difference was noted between Yinxieling tablet subgroups (high and middle doses) and Chlorphenamine group. The wheal area of blue-stain skin in mice's hypogastric zone was significantly less in high dose Yinxieling tablet group than in blank group, but the difference between high dose Yinxieling tablet group and Chlorphenamine group was not significant. The high dose Yinxieling tablet group was superior to Diyin tablet in latent time, frequency of scratching and wheal area. CONCLUSION: Yinxieling tablet have satisfactory antipruritic effect.

Our clinical teaching quality evaluation system is based on the information from experts,students,departments deans,and fellows.Emphasis on dynamic state evaluation,random evaluation,and comprehensive evaluation are characteristics of this system.Through one year practice,our clinical teaching quality evaluation system has good effects on improving teaching quality.

As a widely used teaching model in higher medical education,problem-based learning is regard as one of the direction of education revolution in our country.Based on the PBL teaching practice in the second clinical medical college of Guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine,the article summarized determination of teaching content,compiling of teaching plan,methods of teaching process and teaching evaluation as well as analyzed some key questions in practicing PBL teaching in seven-year program clinical curriculum.

Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics difference of methotrexate ( MTX) alone or MTX combined with the decoction of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae ( RSM) in rats, and to investigate the possible impact of RSM on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of MTX after oral administration. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were given MTX (7 mg/kg) alone or MTX together with RSM (3.085 g/kg) respectively. At different time points, blood was sampled from orbital venous plexus and then was precipitated by perchloric acid. The serum concentration of MTX was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Diamonsil C18 (2) column with the mobile phase of methanol-formic acid water solution (formic acid in volume fraction of 0.1%) in gradient elution. The column temperature was 27 ℃, flow rate was 1 mL/min, detection wavelength was 302 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. The results were analyzed by pharmacokinetic software DAS ( 2.1.1) by non-compartment model. Results The linearity of the calibration curve for MTX was good in the range of 0.097 6 ~ 12.5 mg/L, the detection limit was 0.097 6 mg/L and the recovery was in the range of 77.5% ~ 86.6%. Compared with MTX group, the peak-arriving time of MTX-RSM group was advanced, and the clearance of MTX was delayed. Area under concentration-time curve at 0-t (AUC(0-t)) was increased by 0.609 times, and AUC(0-∞) was increased by 0.786 times. Conclusion The decoction of RSM exerts an effect on promoting the absorption of MTX, delaying the clearance of MTX and enhancing the bioavailability of MTX in vivo.

Objective To optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus by the use of response surface methodology.Method According to the design principle of Box-Behnken, effects of extraction temperature, extraction time , extraction times and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides were studied by response surface methodology,meanwhile regression analysis of these experimental data was used by Design-Expert 8.05b software.Results The optimum extraction conditions from Ophiopogon japonicus were concluded as follows: the extraction temperature was 93℃, extraction time was 2 h, extraction times was 3 times, and solid-liquid ratio was 1:15 g/ml.Conclusion Under these conditions, the extraction yield of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides is up to 5.440%, and the relative error is 7.328%.

This article started from the characteristics of translational medicine and Chinese medicine , analyzed the differences between the development of translational medicine and Chinese medicine , and indicated that the path and mode in which Chinese medicine develops translational medicine should adapt to characteristics of Chinese medicine . According to the translational medicine path of modern medicine , this article raised several translational paths and a multidimensional-shape translational mode for Chinese medicine , and discussed the enlightenment for research of the National Clinical Research Base of Chinese Medicine .

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Ginger extraction on heart failure in rabbits.Methods Twenty-seven New Zealand pure-breed rabbits were randomized into 3 groups:group A,group B and group C.Group A was orally administrated with 2 %Ginger extraction 3 days before and after modeling;group B was orally administrated with purified water 3 days before modeling and with 2 %Ginger extraction after modeling;group C was orally administrated with purified water 3 days before and after the establishment.The differences of modeling time and dosage of pentobarbital sodium between groups were compared;hemodynamics parameters before and after administration were detected.Results (1)The modeling time and dosage of Pentobarbital Sodium were remarkably increased in group A,differences being significant compared other 2 groups(P

Objective To investigate the effects of Rhizoma Zingiberis Extract (RZE) on the cardiac functions of rabbits with heart failure. Methods Forty pure-bred New-Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control group, low-dosage RZE group, moderate-dosage RZE group and high-dosage RZE group. The rabbit model of heart failure was established by intravenous dripping of 20 g/L pentobarbital sodium. Oral tube perfusion of RZE was given after model establishment.The hemodynamic changes were observed before and after the modeling and 5,10,15,20,30,45,60,90,120,150 minutes after treatment by a RM-6000 4-graph physiological monitor. Results After treatment, LVSP, lv?dp/dtmax,lv +dp/dtmax,lv-dp/dtmax showed an ascending tend in all the groups, particularly in RZE groups; the differences between the control group and RZE groups were significant 30 minutes after treatment (P

A method for qualitative analysis of constituents in Panax notoginseng by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was established. Based on the high-resolution mass information, MS/MS fragmentation behaviors and chemical components from literatures, 43 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. New type saponin aglycone, combined with malonyl-substituted and acetyl-substituted saponins were discovered and plausibly identified in this study. This work could be helpful for the quality control and further phytochemical studies of Panax notoginseng, and provided a good example for the analysis of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine.