The method of preparation of a Milk Substitute, formula 5410, and its nutritive value on rats have been reported in previous communications. Further tests of its nutritive effect were made by feeding a group of 100 infants including 4 premature and 10 undernourished. Another group of 43 infants fed with human breast milk or cow's milk were observed during the same period as controls. Among the infants of the two groups there were 6 pairs of twins; one of each pair was fed with the Milk Substitute and the other with human or cow's milk. Great majority of the infants were cared by their own mothers whose cooperation had been secured, while the rest of the infants (10%) were kept in our nursery.The Milk Substitute feeding was started with infants between half and six months of age, with an average age of three months. Observations were continued until they all reached one year old. Fish liver oil and ascorbic acid were supplied to infants of both the experimental and the control groups. Vegetable soup and fruit juice were given to the infants before five months of age. Then various kinds of other foods, including rice porridge, wheat flour nudols, bread, crackers, mashed meat and vegetable and egg yolk were individually supplemented furnishing not more than 1/3 of the total caloric intake, (at the age of one year), as the family income permitted.The appetite of the experimental infants was normal. There was no digestive disturbances and abnormal frequency and appearance of the stool. The average daily caloric intake was similar to those recorded in the literature.The body weight and height of the babies in the experimental group fell well within the normal range. The average initial body weight and height of the infants in the experimental group were somewhat lower than those of the control; however, the height reached .that of the control at the age of 7 months, and the weight at about 11 months. The red blood cell counts and the hemoglobin value of the blood were normal.Values of blood alkaline phosphatase activity higher than 15 Bodansky units were shown in 20 babies of the experimental group (27%) and 8 babies of the control group (23%) at the beginning of the observation; only 4 babies in the experimental group were found abnormal high blood alkaline phosphatase value at the end. At the beginning, 3 cases of rickets and 3 cases of suspected rickets were indicated by the radiograph of the wrist bones of the babies in the experimental group, and only one suspected ricket in the control group were observed; and they all became normal at the end of the experiment. Besides, there were no other signs of any nutritional deficiency among all the infants.

Background and purpose:The involvement of estrogen signaling in lung cancer is controversial. But the findings showed that ERβ might play an important role in neoplastic lung biology. Several studies have evaluated expression of ERβin both normal and neoplastic human lung tissues with variable conclusions. We aimed to evaluate the expressive of estrogen receptors (ER)α,βin non-smoking non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate the relationships between the survival and expressions of ERα,β. Methods:Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression ERαand ERβin 144 NSCLC patients, and analyzed the expressions status of ERα,βand survival. Results:The positive rate of ERαwas 7.6%, only in adenocarcinoma cancer. The positive rate of ERβwas 52.1%, and the expressions of stageⅠandⅡwas signiifcantly higher than that of stageⅢandⅣ(P=0.020). The median survival time (MST) of ERβpositive expression was better than that of negative expression (43 months vs 38 months, P=0.028). The MST of ERβpositive expression of female patients was better than that of negative expression (45 months vs 37 months, P=0.033). The MST of ERβpositive expression of adenocarcinoma were 46 months and better than negative 38 months (P=0.021). Conclusion:The expression of ERβwas signiifcantly higher in early-stage non-smoking NSCLC. It indicated that the positive expression of ERβwas related to the better MST, especially in female adenocarcinoma patients.

The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge.Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices.However,the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues,such as trace content of target compounds,limited acquisition for fragment information,and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra.Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus,while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content.To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives,a"depict"strategy was developed in this study.First,potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway,and a comprehensive database was established,which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives.Second,the polarity-oriented sample prep-aration of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds.Third,the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification.Finally,the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning(DDA)followed by parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved.Based on the integrated strategy above,210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus,and in particular,170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized.The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components,and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of Wujiashen Gejiejing on rats with deficiency of lung qi. METHODS The rat model of deficiency of lung qi was established by sawdust fumigation. By comparing the general activity state, blood acid-alkali indexes, biochemical indexes related to chronic bronchitis and airway histological characteristics of rats in each group, the pharmacodynamics of Wujiashen Gejiejing on rats with deficiency of lung qi was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with model group, after the Wujiashen Gejiejing intervention, the body weight of the rats significantly increased; the levels of p(O2) and SaO2 in blood were significantly increased(P<0.001), p(CO2) was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and pH had a tendency to increase; the levels of endothelin(ET) and IL-1β in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α in serum had a decreasing trend. The damaged lung structures were significantly improved. CONCLUSION Wujiashen Gejiejing can significantly improve the activity state and improve hypoxemia and hypercapnia of lung qi deficiency syndrome, improve the damaged lung structure and the function of lung ventilation, and has obvious anti-inflammatory effect. Its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and ET.