Objective To analyze the risk factors of emergence agitation (EA)in the adult patients during the recovery peri-od after general anesthesia in postanesthesia care unit(PACU).Methods 2 056 adult patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia in PACU were selected,aged more than 18 years old,sex unlimited The following factors of age,gender,body mass,ASA grade,preoperative combined disease,education level,premedicatiou,general anesthesia mode,midazolam use for induc-tion,anesthesia time,operation site,operation mode,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative fluid replacement,re-covery time in PACU,body temperature,urinary catheter,urine volume,etc.were recorded.According to whether EA occurring during recovery from general anesthesia,the patients were divided into the quiet group and the EA group.The multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze and screen the risk factors for the occurrence of EA.Results 127 cases developed EA during recovery from anesthesia.The occurrence rate of EA was 6.18%.The Logistic regression analysis indicated that high grade ASA, large quantity of intraoperative fluid replacement,placing urinary catheter and postoperative pain were the risk factors for EA(P <0.05).Conclusion Highgrade ASA,large quantity of intraoperative fluid replacement,placing urinary catheter and postoperative pain are the risk factors for EA during the recovery period after general anesthesia in PACU.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of combined teaching of optical laryngoscope and general laryngoscope on anesthesia undergraduate practice.Methods:A total of 40 anesthesia undergraduate students were randomly divided into group A (using the optical laryngocope only in the first month and the general laryngoscope only in the second month, n=20), and group B (using the general laryngocope only in the first month and the optical laryngoscope only in the second month, n=20). The teaching effect was evaluated through the first month and the second month of tracheal intubation assessment and questionnaire survey results. SPSS 23.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:In the first month, the success rate was 90% in group A and 60% in group B, which showed that the success rate of group B was lower, with significant differences ( P < 0.05). The time for tracheal intubation in group A was (61.8±5.0) s, and that in the group B was (83.0±4.9) s, showing that the time of group B was longer, with significant differences ( P < 0.05). The complications in group A was 5%, and that in group B was 14%, showing that the group B had more cases of implications, with significant differences ( P < 0.05). In the second month, there was no significant difference in the one-time success rate, the time for tracheal intubation, and complications between the two groups ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in one-time success rate and complications between groups. Both groups showed that the time for general laryngoscope intubation was longer, with significant differences ( P < 0.05). All of the students believed that applying optical laryngoscope teaching was beneficial and could enhance the interest of learning, and the combination of the two methods was better. Conclusion:Using the optical laryngoscope first and then the general laryngoscope teaching is more beneficial for students to master the two methods of tracheal intubation, improve the success rate, reduce complications, and cultivates their self-confidence.