Objective To detect DNA damage in rat lymphocytes and brain cells induced by tetramine and study the toxicological mechanism of tetramine.Methods Lymphocytes and brain cells were separated and collected from healthy rats.DNA damages of cells which were exposed to various doses of tetramine for 60 min was detected using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or comet assay.Results These are different degree DNA damages of lymphocytes and brain cells exposed from doses 1/20 LD 50 doses of tetramine to 1/2 LD 50 doses of tetramine.The test groups are very significantly statistical different to the control group(P

Objective To discuss the training mode of intensive care unit (ICU) nurse specialists. Methods The trainees of class of 2014-2015 ICU nurse specialists were chosen as the object of the study, diversified training mode was utilized, namely, an optimized combination of multiple different training modes, theoretical courses+clinical practice+assessments (scenario simulation in small groups and individual practical capability)+review (a survey for the training contents, methods and effectiveness of the courses and instructors/teaching assistants, as well as position competency of the trainees)+case study in nursing+comprehensive review. Results After the training of ICU nurse specialists with diversified training mode, the scores had increased from 54.88 ± 12.45 to 79.63 ± 6.15 in theoretical courses, and from 64.69 ± 11.61 to 92.38 ± 3.10 in clinical operating skills, the differences between the above indexes were statistically significant (t=101.60, 169.96, both P<0.01);the numbers of required 140 skills in clinical practical programs mastered by trainees had increased from 66.53 ± 16.17 to 84.78 ± 21.34, the differences between the above indexes were statistically significant (t=14.866, P<0.01). After the ordered chi-square test the value of position competency before and after the training were statistically significant (χ2=24.62, P < 0.05). The trainees also expressed 100% satisfaction rate of the training courses, instructors/teaching assistants and the training effectiveness. Conclusions The diversified training mode benefits to the improvements of professional knowledge and skills, position competency and team-working, as well as the cultivation and comprehensive quality of ICU nursing specialists.

Objective To explore the ultrasound appearance of primary synovial osteochondromatosis (PSO) of the knee. Methods Thirty-eight cases with PSO were confirmed by pathology, their ultrasound features were analyzed retrospective. Results Two hundred and sixty calcify nodules showed medium echo and several motting or bolus strong echo. Two hundred and eighty-nine ossify nodules showed slightly strong echo or strong echo,or only showed arc strong echo with rear sound shadow near nodules. Twenty-six mixed type nodules showed promiscuity moderately strong echo or with rear sound shadow. Forty introsynovium cartilage lesser nodules showed synovium thickening and similar round low echo nodules,30 sursynovium lesser nodules showed high echo, with a pedicel connected to synovium, can shift deform or sway because of the pressure from transducer, often concomitance other type nodules. Ten cartilage greater nodules showed similar round or lobulated low or medium echo tuberculum. Conclusions Ultrasound can show multiple nodules of PSO of the knee, especially noncalcific nonage smaller cartilage nodules. It is helpful for clinicians to decide more reasonable operation strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the rules of therapeutic methods, formulas and medicines of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS: The frequencies of treatments and medicines of TCM in 978 pieces of documents concerning PLC were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 165 therapeutic methods, 277 formulas and 459 kinds of herbs, the methods for activating blood circulation, the formulas for regulating qi-flowing and the herbs for invigorating qi are the most commonly used. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods such as invigorating qi, regulating qi-flowing and activating blood circulation are the main choices for PLC, and the methods such as clearing heat, removing dampness and nourishing yin are used as supplements.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of the sublingual venae in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS: The shape, color and the red, green and blue values of the sublingual venae were analyzed quantitatively for PLC patients in different clinical stages by analysis system for comprehensive information of tongue diagnosis. RESULTS: With the aggravating of the disease, the patients' sublingual venae became wide and tortuous, and their color became blue and purple. The abnormality of the sublingual venae was more serious in clinical stage III than in stages I and II (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The shape, color and abnormality degree of the sublingual venae in patients with PLC in different clinical stages are distinct.

Objective To investigate the braking time in diagnosis of lipohemarthrosis by ultrasound. Methods Experiment group:After 20 tubes containing fresh blood and pig marrow were uniformly mixed, they were instantly continuously detected by high-frequency linear array transducer in fixed-area at short-interval.Clinical group: Ten walking patients with lipohemarthrosis were examined with continuous detection by ultrasound,CT and MR before operation.Results Experiment group: Cloudy echo and slowly floating up of lipoids were detected at the beginning.After 2.7 to 3.7 minutes (average 3.17 minutes), the liquid was divided into two layers with vague boundary.After 5.3 to 8.0 minutes (average 6.75 minutes) ,the liquid was divided into 3 layers with thickening serum laye.Clinical group: Ultrasound findings: Cloudy medium echo was detected at first.After 2.0 to 4.0 minutes (average 3.08 minutes),the liquid was divided into two layers.After 4.4 to 10.0 minutes (average 6.92 minutes) , the liquid was divided into 3 layers with thickening serum layers.Three knees showed fracture line and 2 knees with occult fracture were diagnosed as lipohemarthrosis.CT and MR findings: Ten knees showed fracture line in CT examination,of which 7 knees showed double liquid-liquid layer and 3 knees showed single liquid-liquid layer in the suprapatellar bursa.Ten knees showed fracture line in MR examination,6 knees showed double liquid-liquid layer and 4 knees showed single liquid-liquid layer in the suprapatellar bursa. Conclusions The best braking time in diagnosing lipohemarthrosis by ultrasound can be shorten to 10 minutes and the necessary braking time is 2 to 4 minutes.

Objective To explore the correlation between ultrasonographic findings and relevant technical factors in traumatic lipohemarthrosis. Methods Fifty-two patients with traumatic lipohemarthrosis underwent ultrasonic examination in supine position (26 in unbent, 16 in external rotary position, 10 in unbent and 45° rotation) before operation, and 22 of them underwent dynamic examination. Findings of ultrasography were compared with manifestations of MRI and CT regarded as gold standard.Results Fifty-two patients with traumatic lipohemarthrosis were diagnosed correctly. The best effect of ultrasonic examination of lipohemarthrosis was observed on suprapatellar bursa. Superior border of patella were showed well in supine straight position, then turned to the level of patella, and the structure below patella were showed badly. The best posture was in supine genuflex position with 45° rotation when the joint effusion presented, by which thicker layer liquids could be displayed than in straight position. Three layer liquids could not be displayed synchronously in mild external rotary rest position of lower extremity, and the combination of findings at internal and external side were favorable to the diagnosis. Liquids bed changed from one layer to two layers and then to three layers, from fuzzy to clear gradually in dynamic examination.Conclusion Ultrasonic manifestations of traumatic lipohemarthrosis are closely correlated to the position, posture and arresting time during examination.

Objective To study the technology and the result of dual plane breast augmentation using nipple margin vertical incision of areola.Methods Totally 60 cases of augmentation mammaplasty were involved in this study.The nipple margin vertical incision of areola was applied obliquely into the breast through the pectoralis major fascia.The rib starting point of pectoralis major were cut off,medial to the side of the sternum.Under the pectoralis major the cavity was peeled according to the preoperative design range.Based on the different situation of the breast types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,dual plane breast augmentations were stripped respectively.After implanting the breast prosthesis,the upper part of the prosthesis was under the pectoralis major and the lower part was under the mammary gland.Results The 60 patients were all after childbearing,20 of whom underwent type 2 dual plane breast augmentation,4 underwent type 3 double plane and the rest underwent type 1 double plane.After 3 months to 2 years follow-up,all cases got satisfactory results,except 1 case of postoperative hematoma and 1 case appeared capsular contracture.Conclusions The nipple margin vertical incision of areola can complete types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ dual plane breast augmentation operation,at the same time it can correct mild-to-moderate mastoptosis.

Objective To study DNA quantification and STR typing of samples pre-treated with pyrami-don. Methods The blood samples of ten unrelated individuals were anticoagulated in EDTA. The blood stains were made on the filter paper. The experimental groups were divided into six groups in accor-dance with the storage time, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after pre-treated with pyramidon. DNA was extracted by three methods: magnetic bead-based extraction, QIAcube DNA purification method and Chelex-100 method. The quantification of DNA was made by fluorescent quantitative PCR. STR typing was detected by PCR-STR fluorescent technology. Results In the same DNA extraction method, the sample DNA decreased gradually with times after pre-treatment with pyramidon. In the same storage time, the DNA quantification in different extraction methods had significant differences. Sixteen loci DNA typing were detected in 90.56% of samples. Conclusion Pyramidon pre-treatment could cause DNA degradation, but effective STR typing can be achieved within 24 h. The magnetic bead-based extrac-tion is the best method for STR profiling and DNA extraction.

Objective To clone and express Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. isrealensis(B.t.i.) crystal protein CryIVD gene and determine its mosquito larvicidal activity. Methods The gene encoding CryIVD (2.0 kb or so) was amplified by PCR, the amplified fragment was inserted into E.coli plasmid pUC18 to construct the recombinant cloning and expression vector pUC18 CryIVD, which was named pUC18 1. The ligation was transformed into competent E.coli DH 5? and the recombinant vector pUC18 1 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. After being inducted by IPTG, the expression of CryIVD gene in positive clone was detected by SDS PAGE and the mosquito larvicidal activity of CryIVD was also determined by standard bioassay. Results The results showed that the CryIVD gene was successfully cloned and expressed in E.coli DH 5? . Mosquito larvicidal activity of engineered E.coli (LC 50 ) to Cx.pipiens pallens and Ae.albopictus Ⅱ-Ⅲ instar larvae was 2.38?10 6 cells/ml and 1.6?10 7cells/ml respectively. Conclusion The CryIVD gene was successfully cloned and expressed, and a high mosquito larvicidal activity was observed.