Objective To study a gene determing the sensitivity to sevoflurane in autosomal chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Virgin females of wild type Drosophila melanogaster(H) were crossed with ebony(e) males to breeding F 1 hybrids ,to measure the ED 50 of e,H and F 1 for sevoflurane. Then, e virgin females were crossed with F 1 males to breed F 2 hybrids. Sevoflurane ED 50 of F 2 hybrids was measured according to body's colour. The ED 50 was measured when the fruit flies were 7 days old.A hereditary analysis was conducted to determine the localization of gene(s) in chromosome determining sensitivitiy to sevoflurane. Results The ED 50 of H was significantly higher than that of e . The ED 50 of phenotype of F 1 hybrids was similar to one of H of F 1.The number ratio of flies with black abdomen to ebony flies was about 1∶1 in F 2 hybrids which generated from crosses of F 1 hybrid males with e virgin females. The sevoflurane ED 50 of F 2 hybrids was significantly higher than that of F 2 fly of e and was significantly lower than the ED 50 of F 2 fly of H . The dose response curve of F 2 hybrids had a two peak, however, the dose response curve of F 2 fruit fly of e or H had a single peak. Conclusions The gene(s) or major gene(s) determining the sensitivity to sevoflurane is (are) located on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was developed on the basis of 128 randomized controlled clinical studies by a group of experts led by Kondrup from the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN).As the first evidence-based nutritional screening tool worldwide,NRS 2002 has been recommended for nutritional risk assessment of hospitalized patients in Europe for the addition of disease metabolism and its simplicity.In this article,we reviewed the increasing applications of NRS 2002 in China,pointed out the existing problems and made several suggestions on improvement for popularization and standardization of its clinical use.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and therapy of familial adenomatous polyposis with desmoid tumour. Methods Clinical data of 6 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and desmoid tumour from Jan 1989 to Jan 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Five patients received proctocolectomy and 1 abdominoperineal resection. The most common symptom was progressive painless mass in abdomen. All patients were confirmed by image examination. Four received surgery, 2 were treated by medicine postoperatively and 1 got watchful therapy. Postoperative recurrence developed in two cases and one suffered from short bowel syndrome. All patients were alive at the follow-up. Conclusions FAP with desmoid tumour is not a rare condition and we should pay attention to diagnosis and manage this disease entity. A reasonable remedy was selected according to general state of health and location of desmoid tumour which can improve prognosis and quality of life.

Objective To compare the effects of subgluteal(SG) and sub-subgluteal-fold(SSGF)approach for ultrasound-guided siatic nerve block. Methods One hundred forty-eight patients undergoing lower limb surgery were randomly divided into two groups to receive SG approaches and SSGF approaches to sciatic nerve block under real time ultrasound guidance. A combined posterior lumbar plexus block under ultrasound guidance was performed for sufficient surgery anesthesia. 20 ml of 0. 5% ropivacaine was used for sciatic nerve and lumbar plexus block separately. Measurements included skin-to-nerve distance,reorientation of the needle during block and execution time,rates of sensory and motor blockade after 15 min and 30 min of injection, quality of surgery blockade, duration of the sensory and motor block, and postoperative complications related to sciatic nerve block. Results In SSGF group, execution time and reorientation of needle for sciatic nerve block was significantly less than those of the SG group( P ＜0.01).But motor blockade in the SG group was quicker when compared with SSGF group ( P ＜0.01). There were no significant differences in the quality and duration of blockade between the two groups. Conclusions Both SG and SSGF approach can be used for sciatic nerve block with equal sensory and motor block rate,whereas sciatic nerve block via SSGF approach was faster and easy to perform than the SG one.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the combination of general anesthesia ( GA) and single-shot bilateral thoracic paravertebral block ( TPVB) by ropivacaine in the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery ( OPCAB) . Methods Forty patients with coronary heart disease scheduled for elective OPCAB surgery were randomly divided into two groups:general anesthesia group (group A, n=20) and general anesthesia combined with bilateral thoracic paravertebral block group (group B, n=20). The frequency of hemodynamic abnormalities and dosage of vasoactive drugs during the period of operation were recorded. Meanwhile, other reference data were recorded, such as the consumption of sufentanil during operation and postoperative analgesia, the time of endotracheal tube retention and intensive care unit ( ICU) stay. Results Two cases were excluded from the study in group B for failure block. Compared with group A, the frequency of hypertension and the amount of nicardipine was lower during operation in group B (P<0. 05), the consumption of sufentanil was less both during operation (P<0. 01) and postoperative analgesia (P<0. 05). Moreover, the time of tracheal tube retention and ICU stay were shorter in group B (P<0. 05). Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that GA combined with single-shot TPVB is superior to GA alone in improving haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing OPCAB surgery. The combination therapy can also reduce the use of opiates and shorten the time of recovery.