Objective To discuss the indication,technique,effect,and safety of colonoscopic resection of colorectal submucosal tumor(SMT).Methods A total of 33 patients with SMT,which was diagnosed colonoscopically and pathologically,were treated by endoscopy.The sizes of the tumors were 0.2-2.2 cm in diameter,and 0.2-1.2 cm in the diameter of the roots.After injecting adequate adrenalin saline deeply into the root of SMT,the mass of those,who had negative nonlifting sign,was attracted,snared,and then cut using high frequency electrotome.In 7 cases of smaller SMT,the tumor was gripped.Results No perforation,large amount of hemorrhage,or burns of the colorectal wall was found.Complete resection was achieved(no tumor tissue was detected on the edge or bottom of the SMTs after endoscopic resection,or pathological examination found no tumor tissue after open surgery) in 29 cases,including 18 carcinoids,6 leiomyomas,2 hamartomas,2 lipomas,and 1 neurofibroma.Except 3 patients with leiomyoma were lost,26 of the patients were followed up for a median of 44.5 months(3 months to 12 years and 7 months).No recurrence was found during the follow-up.The 4 carcinoids were resected partially(there were tumor tissues remained on the edge or bottom of the SMTs after endoscopic resection,or the pathological examination after open surgery showed tumors).Two of the 4 were transferred to open surgery(one was followed up for 2 years and 3 months,the other was lost).The other two patients refused operation and received a followed-up of 5 months and 2 years and 4 month respectively.None of the 4 patients had recurrence during follow-up.Conclusions Colonoscopic treatment can be applied to the patients with SMT sized ≤1.2 cm at the root and negative nonlifting sign.The method is safe,effective,and minimal invasion.Pathological examination is recommended after the colonoscopic resection,open surgery is necessary for the partially resected SMTs.

Objective: To compare effects of sulindac, PPAR? activator and PPAR? antagonist on the proliferation and apoptosis of the colonic cancer cells, and to investigate whether sulindac exerts its colonic neoplasm inhibiting activity through pathway of PPAR?. Methods: Cell strain HT-29 of colonic cancer was divided into six groups: the control group, sulindac group, 15d-PGJ2 (PPAR? activator) group, GW9662 (PPAR? antagonist) group, sulindac+GW9662 group and 15d-PGJ2+ GW9662 group. After 24 and 48 hours’culturing, proliferation status of each group was determined by immunocytochemical staining of PCNA, and cell apoptosis status was determined by double staining method of AnnexinV-FITC/PI, examined on flow cytometer. Results: (1) Proliferation status of the colonic cancer cells of each group: 24 and 48 hours after medication, PCNA positive ratios were 33.2%?4.5% and 25.0%?4.7% of the control group, 11.8%?3.7% and 8.6%?1.9% of sulindac group, 11.2%?2.5% and 11.4%?2.1% of 15d-PGJ2 group, 35.3%?4.3% and 26.8%?3.9% of GW9662 group, 16.5%?5.3% and 12.2 %?2.4% of sulindac + GW9662 group, 21.0%?4.8% and 21.5%?4.2% of 15d-PGJ2+GW9662 group. (2) Apoptosis ratio of colonic cancer cells of each group: 24 hours after medication, apoptosis rate of colonic cancer cells was 13.0%?1.0% of the control group, 41.0%? 2.6% of sulindac group, 11.5%?0.6% of 15d-PGJ2 group, 12.4%?0.9% of GW9662 group, 33.6%?2.3% of sulindac+GW9662 group, and 13.0%?1.0% of 15d-PGJ2 + GW9662 group. 48 hours after medication, apoptosis rate was 14.0%?3.4% of the control group, 95.3%?1.5% of sulindac group, 31.5%?2.3% of 15d-PGJ2 group, 13.0%?1.9% of GW9662 group, 86.8%?0.4% of sulindac+GW9662 group, and 12.9%?1.0% of 15d-PGJ2+GW9662 group. Conclusion: Both sulindac and PPAR? activator can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of colonic cancer cells, and their effects can be antagonized by PPAR? antagonist, which indicates that as a kind of PPAR? ligand, sulindac can inhibit proliferation of colonic cancer cells via activating PPAR?.

Objective To determine whether specific angiotensin-conventing enzyme inhibitor with ramipril would affect ventricular arrhythmia generation in rabbits after myocardial infarction and discuss the mechanism of its antiarrhymic efficacy.MethodsTwenty-four New Zealand rabbits (Wuhan Laboratory Animal Research Center) were separated into 3 groups:sham-operated (SHAM) group (n =8 ),myocardial infraction (MI) group ( n =8) and myocardial infraction with ramipril (RAM) group ( n =8).SHAM group received a median sternotomy without left ventricular coronary artery ligation.MI and RAM groups' rabbits received a median sternotomy followed by left coronary artery ligation. The successful anterior MI was confirmed by elevation of the ST segment with more than 0.2 mV in lead Ⅱ and Ⅲ.After MI,RAM group rabbits were fed with ramipril [ 1mg/ ( kg · d) ]by intragastric administration for 12 weeks.Before and after MI 12 weeks in three groups.Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation episodes and the monophasic actionpotential duration in epicardium,mid-myocardium and endocardium cadiocytes were recorded.The statistical technique was t-test and ANOVA.Results Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation episodes were markedly decreased in RAM group than that in MI group after 12 weeks [ (2.6 ± 0.8) vs.(12.4 ± 2.9),P ＜0.05 ].After MI 12 weeks,the action potential duration of repolarization 90％ (APD90) of three-tier ventricular myocytes in MI group was prolonged than that before MI [ (258.2 ±21.1 ) vs.(230.1 ±23.2),( 278.0±23.8 ) vs.(245.8±25.4),(242.6±22.7) vs.(227.0±21.7),P＜0.05]; however,it was not significant difference between before and after MI 12w in RAM group (P ＞ 0.05 ).Moreover,the transmural dispersion of repolarization(TDR) was markedly increased after MI 12w in MI group than in SHAM and RAM group [ (36.2 ± 10.2 ) vs.( 18.7 ± 6.2 ),(24.9 ± 8.7 ),P ＜ 0.05 ]; but the TDR was not significant difference between RAM and SHAM group ( 18.7 ± 6.2 ) vs.( 24.9 ± 8.7 ),P ＞ 0.05].ConclusionsRamipril significantly reduced the malignant arrhythmia incidence in rabbits after MI.Mended the abnormal TDR was the mechanism for ramipril to therapy.

Objective To analyze the differences in the clinical characteristics,endoscopy,pathology and therapy between the patients with new onset ulcerative colitis(UC) in the elderly versus youth and middle-aged patients.Methods A review analysis was carried out in the 178 hospitalized patients with UC in Third Hospital of Peking University from 1994 to 2010.The patients were divided into two groups according to the age of onset:UC onset at age of 60 years and older were enrolled in elderly group; UC onset at age less than sixty years were enrolled in youth and middle-aged group.The data of clinical manifestation,endoscopy,pathology,laboratory test,the severity of disease classification and therapy were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The elderly group consisted of 21 men and 6 women.The youth and middle-aged group consisted of 83 men and 68 women.The ratio of male was higher in elderly group than in youth and middle-aged group (77.8％ vs.55.0％,P＜0.05).No significant difference in the clinical type of UC was observed (P＞0.05).The ratio of abdominal pain in elderly group was lower than in youth and middle-aged group (44.4％ vs.78.8％,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in other symptoms,laboratory test and the severity of disease between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The ratio of Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱwas much higher in the elderly than in youth-middle-aged group(70.4％ vs.39.9％,P＜0.05),but the ratio of Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ was much lower in the elderly than in youth-middle group(29.6％ vs.60.1％,P＜0.05).No significant differences between the two groups were found in the extent of disease,pathological characteristics and therapy (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with the youth and middle-aged patients with onset UC,the ratio of male patients was higher,the ratio of abdominal pain was lower,and the severity of endoscopic manifestation was less in the elderly patients with onset UC.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of adapted simplified Chinese Version of the Scoliosis Research Society-22(SRS-22)questionnaire.Methods:The English version of the SRS-22 was translated into simplified Chinese and was subjected to cross-culture adaptation;the final version of the simplified Chinese SRS-22 questionnaire was a consensus reached by an expert committee.Then the simplified Chinese version SRS-22 questionnaire and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(MOS SF-36)questionnaire were used to survey 87 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had been surgically treated;63 patients(72.4%)responded to the SRS-22 questionnaire.The average age of these patients(6 male,57 female)was(17.7?3.1)years(range,14.3-23.8 years).Fifty-six of the 63 patients returned the MOS SF-36 questionnaire.The 2 indicators of reliability were Cronbach's ? of internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).Concurrent validity of the SRS-22 questionnaire was measured by comparing with domains of the SF-36 questionnaire,which was reflected by Pearson correlation coefficient(r).Results:The Cronbach ? values for 4 domains(function/activity,pain,self-image/appearance,and mental health)were all higher than 0.7;and the Cronbach ? value for satisfaction of management domain was acceptable.The intraclass correlation coefficients for function/activity,pain,self-image/appearance,mental health,and satisfaction domain were 0.74,0.78,0.86,0.81 and 0.84,respectively,demonstrating a satisfactory reproducibility.For the concurrent validity,3 domains had excellent correlation,10 had good correlation,and 21 had moderate correlation.Conclusion:The adapted simplified Chinese Version of the SRS-22 questionnaire has satisfactory reliability and concurrent validity,and might be suitable for post-operation clinical evaluation of Chinese adolescent patients with scoliosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the current status of physical exercise of older adults and its effect on depression.Methods270 subjects from three living strata(public,community and hospital) were randomly investigated by the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form(GDS-s) and the self-designing Geriatric Exercise Scale.ResultsOlder adults had a higher risk of suffering from depression.There were significant differences between attitudes and prevalence rates among the subjects in three environments.Exercises had significant influence on older adults' depression,with the more negative attitude,less frequency,shorter exercising time,less companions,worse feeling after doing exercises,the more serious of one's depression.The demographic variables had also significant influence on both exercise and depression of older adults.ConclusionDoing exercise is one of the important measures to prevent,reduce and overcome depression of older adults.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin 35 mg/kg,and confirmed by fasting blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Type 2 DNP was confirmed by the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdraw latency (TWL) measured on day 14 after streptozotocin administration ＜ 80％ of the baseline value.The rats were then randomly divided into 3 groups (n =27 each):type 2 DNP group (group DNP); curcumin group (group Cur); solvent control group (group SC).In Cur and SC groups,curcumin 100 mg/kg and corn oil 4 ml/kg were injected intraperitonally,respectively,once a day for 14 consecutive days starting from day 14 after streptozotocin administration.Another 27 normal Sprague-Dawley male rats served as control group (group C) and were fed with normal forage.MWT and TWL were measured before type 2 DNP was induced,after type 2 DNP was induced,and at 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection(T1-5).The rats were sacrificed after MWT and TWL were measured at T3-5,and the lumbar segments of the spinal cord and DRG (L4-6) were removed for determination of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened,and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was up-regulated in DNP,Cur and SC groups.Compared with DNP group,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged,and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG was down-regulated in Cur group,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in SC group.Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin attenuates type 2 DNP may be related to up-regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the spinal dorsal horns and DRG of rats.

Objective To study the value of reverse CT scan in eliminating the respiratory motion artifacts in the thoracic CT of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD).Methods Fourty patients with COPD were randomly selected and underwent chest CT examinations with the technique of GR-Helical including directive and reverse CT scans.The images were blindly evaluated by three experienced doctors.Results In 40 cases,the respiratory motion artifacts were present in 17 cases,among them,70.59%(12/17) artifacts was in lower lung field,and 64.7%(11/17) artifacts occurred in the people over 60 years of age.The rate of artifact was 35% at directive scan,while it was reduced to 7.5% at reverse scan,the image quality was improved at 27.5%.There was statistical significance in eliminating respiratory motion artifacts between two scanning method (P＜0.05).Conclusion Reverse CT scanning can effectively eliminating or reducing the respiratory motion artifacts in lower lung field,it is the best choice of scanning mode in elderly patients with COPD.

Objective To evaluate the setup errors for lower neck with cone beam CT (CBCT) in breast cancer patients immobilized by breast bracket,and to probe the margins from supraclavicular clinical target volume (CTV) in 3 directions.Methods A total of 14 breast cancer patients with supraclavicular lymph node radiation were enrolled.All patients were immobilized by breast bracket,and each patient would undergo CBCT at the first,tenth and twentieth treatment after positioning,respectively.Then these CBCT images were registered to the planning CT to determine setup errors in translational and rotational direction,and evaluated correlation between them.At last,CTV margins were calculated from the systenatic and random errors.Results The setup errors on x (left-ring),y (superior-inferior),z (anterior-posterior) translational directions were (2.89 ±.2.52),(3.96 ±2.97),(4.21 ±2.24) mm and on θ (pitch degree),φ (roll degree),Ψ (yaw degree) rotational direction were (2.38 ± 1.97)°,(1.60±1.63) °,(1.91 ±1.54)°,respectively.The margins from CTV were 8.08,8.13,6.30mminx,y and z direction.On y and z directions translational errors were correlated significantly with φ and Ψ degree rotational errors(Pearson =-0.515,-0.509,P ＜ 0.05).In inter-fraction only on z direction the setup changes were considered as correlative with Ψ degree (Pearson =-0.583,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions For supraclavicular region irradiation breast cancer patients immobilized with breast bracket,the margins from CTV were recommended as not less than 8.08,8.13,6.30 mm in x,y,z directions,respectively.The position immobilized method and the positioning workflow should be further improved in order to reduce the influence of the neck rotational on setup errors.

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is contagious and highly lethal. Commercial vaccines against RHD are produced from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits. Although several groups have reported that recombinant subunit vaccines against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are promising, application of the vaccines has been restricted due to high production costs or low yield. In the present study, we performed codon optimization of the capsid gene to increase the number of preference codons and eliminate rare codons in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells. The capsid gene was then subcloned into the pFastBac plasmid, and the recombinant baculoviruses were identified with a plaque assay. As expected, expression of the optimized capsid protein was markedly increased in the Sf9 cells, and the recombinant capsid proteins self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) that were released into the cell supernatant. Rabbits inoculated with the supernatant and the purified VLPs were protected against RHDV challenge. A rapid, specific antibody response against RHDV was detected by an ELISA in all of the experimental groups. In conclusion, this strategy of producing a recombinant subunit vaccine antigen can be used to develop a low-cost, insect cell-derived recombinant subunit vaccine against RHDV.
Animals ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Caliciviridae Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary/virology ; Capsid Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Codon/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Rabbit/*genetics/immunology ; *Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Viral Structural Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Viral Vaccines/genetics/immunology