Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Ducks ; physiology ; Growth Hormone ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Serum ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

The care and support for the patient of AIDS is a vital content,we should enhance international collaboration and intercourse of information,which can promote efficiency.This text shows an analysis on the actuality and characteristic of the support mode of the AIDS community in British.Its purpose is to summarize the successful experience for china and improve the support mode for AIDS.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of nano-SiO2 on spatial learning and memory.

METHODSTwenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (C group), low dose group (L group) and high dose group (H group). The rats were intragastrically administrated with nanometer particles at 25 and 100 mg/kg body weight every day for 4 weeks. After exposure, the ability of learning and memory of rats was tested by Morris water maze, and electrophysiological brain stereotactic method was used to test long-tear potentiation (LTP) in dentate gyrus (DG) of the rats.

RESULTSThe increase rate of body weight in H group was reduced significantly compared with C group ( P < 0.05). In the space exploration experiment of Morris water maze test, the escape latency of H group was longer than that of C group (P < 0.05). The rats of H group spent less time in finding the target quadrant (P < 0.05) . The rate of LP induction of H group was significantly lower than that of C group (P < 0.05). After high fre quency stimulation (HFS), The changes of amplitude of population spike (PS) of L group and H group were lower than those of C group significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNano-SiO₂may result in impairment of spatial learning and memory ability by reducing the rate of LTP induction and the increase of PS in hippocampus.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Nanoparticles ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Silicon Dioxide ; adverse effects ; Spatial Learning ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects and mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on α-naphthylisothi (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats.MethodsA total of 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected.Fouty-two rats were gavaged with ANIT (100 mg/kg) to induce acute liver injury,six rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the liver injury and the rats left were evenly divided into control group which were gavaged with saline and UDCA group which were gavaged with UDCA (20 mg/kg).Six rats were sacrificed at 48 hours,72 hours and 96 hours after modeling.The six untreated rats were set as blank control group.Serum and liver tissues of all rats were kept after sacrificed.Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil) and total bile acid (TBA) were tested,interleukin-10 (IL-10),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of multidrug resistance associated protein2 (Mrp2) at mRNA level in liver tissue was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the inflammatory reaction activity of liver tissues was inspected with Haematoidin-Eosin (HE)staining under microscope.ResultsAt 48 hours after liver injury modeling,serum TBil (143.80± 12.08) μmol/L vs.(178.50±15.19) μmol/L,TBA (13.15±3.81) μmol/L vs.(21.68±7.93)mol/L,IL-10 (44.13±3.68,37.15±6.25 ng/L),IL-6(50.80±2.09,57.32±4.63 ng/L) and TNF-α (17.53±0.84) ng/L vs,(19.10±1.64) ng/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or P＜ 0.05).At 72 hours after liver injury modeling,serum ALT (721.67±97.54) U/L vs.(929.50±148.29) U/L and IL-10 (54.68±6.79)ng/L vs.(43.85±4.08) ng/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).At 96 hours after liver injury modeling,serum ALT (156.83±14.99) U/L vs.(250.67±42.29) U/L,AST (143.67±27.45) U/L vs.(206.00±63.94) U/L and TBil (23.53±5.08) μmol/L vs.(34.02±9.98) μmol/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The differences of Mrp2 expression at mRNA level in liver tissues between UDCA group and control group at 48 hours (0.77 ± 0.21,0.46 ± 0.25),72 hours (2.27 ±0.84,1.10 ±0.38) and 96 hours (3.64±0.54,2.75±0.69) after liver injury modeling were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).ConclusionThe mechanism of the protective effects of UDCA on ANIT-induced liver injury may be related with the regulation of serum cytokines and liver Mrp2 expression.

Based on the Bacillus sp., isolated from Lop Nur Desert, the technology of separation and purification and the antioxidant effect were studied. After centrifugation and vacuum filtration, the deproteinization of supernatant was operated with Sevag reagent. The crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) was obtained by precipitation with ethanol. The optimum conditions for the isolation were as follow: pH 7.0, temperature 4?C, time 1.5 h, and material to ethanol ratio 1: 4. Dissolved in water, the crude EPS was fractional separated on activated carbon column (1.5 cm ? 24 cm), eluted with distilled water, 60% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and the main fraction was collected. Then the EPS was purified on Sephadex G-100 gel column, eluted with NaCl (0.2 mol/L). Fractions (4 mL, each) were also combined according to total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method and protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue. The results showed that EPS was relatively homogeneous glycoprotein. The data of antioxidation in vitro showed that the EPS had a high antioxidant activity, which could quench hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and had antilipid peroxidation activity. All of these indicated that EPS was a good natural antioxidant.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafting with anchor repair for the treatment of chronic achilles tendon rupture and severe scarring.

METHODSFrom April 2010 to October 2012,26 patients with chronic achilles tendon rupture(with Myerson type III ) and severe scarring were treated with autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafting with anchor repair. There were 19 males and 7 females,with an average age of 32 years old (ranged, 22 to 47 years). The time from injury to surgery was from 3 to 12 months (7 months on average). The plantar flexion strength of all injuried feet attenuated and single heel rise test were positive in 26 cases before operation. Plaster immobilization and routine rehabilitation therapy were performed after operation. Clinical effects were evaluated by Arner-lindholm criterion and complications were observed after operation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with a mean of 16 months. No complications such as achilles tendon re-rupture, wound infection, etc were found during follow-up period. According to the Arner-Lindholm standard, 15 cases got excellent results and 11 good.

CONCLUSIONUsing autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts with anchor repair to treat chronic achilles tendon rupture and severe scarring is a perfect surgical procedure.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Young Adult

Wuzhuyu Tang is a classical formula for treating migraine, but its' pharmacological ingredients is unclear yet. Present study employed the everted intestinal sac model to collect the absorption samples of 10 kinds of Wuzhuyu decoction, and then analyzed the contents of 9 ingredients in Wuzhuyu Tang and absorption samples quantitatively or semi-quantitatively by HPLC-DAD method. Reserpine was used to establish the mice model of migraine, and then the contents and activities of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, dopamine, nitric oxide and nitricoxide synthase in brain tissues and serums were determined respectively after oral administration of Wuzhuyu Tang. Using the partial least squares regression method to correlate the total absorption quantity of 9 ingredients and pharmacodynamics. The result shows that limocitrin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1, rutaevine, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine are the main ingredients influenced the effects in absorption samples in everted intestinal sacs, especially ginsenoside Rg1, rutaevine, evodiamine and rutaecarpine among them have obvious improving effects to most pharmacodynamics index, might be the pharmacological ingredients influenced the therapeutical effects of Wuzhuyu Tang treating migraine.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Migraine Disorders ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of PTEN and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of its epigenetic microsatellite in gastric carcinoma and explore their roles in progression of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSLOH of epigenetic microsatellites of PTEN (D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687) in advanced gastric cancer was detected by PCR-SSCP. Expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer was evaluated by RT-PCR and SABC immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between expression of PTEN mRNA and protein and lymph node metastasis or LOH of microsatellites was discussed.

RESULTSLOH of D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687 was found in 37.5% (21/56) of advanced gastric cancers. The positive rates of PTEN mRNA expression were 80.4% (45/56), 45.5% (5/11) and 32.1% (18/56) in normal mucosa, early and advanced gastric carcinomas, respectively, while 78.6% (44/56), 44.5% (5/11) and 28.6% (16/56) at the protein level. PTEN mRNA and protein were less frequently expressed in early and advanced gastric carcinomas than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). There was positive correlation between PTEN mRNA expression and LOH of microsatellites in advanced gastric carcinomas. PTEN protein expression paralleled with its mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis of advanced gastric carcinomas (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulated expression of PTEN gene is found in different stages of gastric carcinoma, and is closely correlated with LOH of its epigenetic microsatellites, which probably is its underlying molecular mechanisms. It suggests that altered PTEN gene contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas.

Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Neoplasm Staging ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of retinol acid (RA) and triiodothyronine (T3) on alleviating the impairment of cognitive function by sleep deprivation (SD).

METHODSMale Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (C group), sleep deprivation group (SD group), sleep deprivation + RA group (SD + RA group) and sleep deprivation + T3 group (SD + T3 group). Open field test (OFT) was used to observe the nervous behavior of the rats after SD and electrophysiological brain stereotactic method was used to test long-term potentiation (LTP) in dentate gyrus (DG) of the rats. Ng protein expression was determined by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the SD group, the number of crossing in OFT, the changes of amplitude of population spike (PS) and the expression of Ng protein in hippocampus were higher significantly in the SD + RA and SD + T3 groups. All of these had not significant difference comparing with the C group.

CONCLUSIONRA and T3 may alleviate the restrain state of neural system after SD by augmenting the expression of Ng protein in hippocampus.

Animals ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Neurogranin ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sleep Deprivation ; metabolism ; psychology ; Triiodothyronine ; pharmacology ; Vitamin A ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of T cell early activation marker (CD(69)) on peripheral CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) lymphocytes and serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) in serum and bone marrow in patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and their pathophysiological significance.

METHODSIn vitro activation of T lymphocytes was carried out by whole blood cell culture containing PHA (20 micro g/ml). The CD(69) expressions on CD(4)(+) and CD(8)(+) lymphocytes at 0 h and 4 h after PHA exposure were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. The levels of sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 in serum and bone marrow were measured by ELISA.

RESULTSThe CD(69) expression rates of CD(4)(+) and of CD(8)(+) cells in SAA patients were (8.96 +/- 7.23)% and (10.67 +/- 7.58)%, respectively, and that of CD(8)(+) cells in CAA patients was (7.36 +/- 5.49)% before PHA stimulation. The CD(69) expression rates of CD(4)(+) and of CD(8)(+) cells in SAA patients were (71.73 +/- 11.91)% and (61.74 +/- 13.44)% and in CAA (59.35 +/- 10.15)% and (48.78 +/- 8.25)% respectively, and were significantly elevated after PHA stimulation. CD(69) expression on CD(4)(+) cells was much higher than that on CD(8)(+) cells after stimulation. The levels of the two sTNF-R (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) in peripheral blood and bone marrow of SAA patients were elevated and in the bone marrow of CAA patients were also increased. The serum levels of sTNF-R2 were positively related to the CD(69) expression rates of CD(8)(+) cells before PHA stimulation.

CONCLUSIONIncreased early activation and activated potentials of T lymphocytes, along with abnormally elevated immunologically active molecules might play a major role in the pathogenesis of AA.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; blood ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; chemistry ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; chemistry ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; blood ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II