Objective This study was to explore the prevalence of overweight and obesity,and the effects of contextual and individual level determinants on them in the rural areas of Kunming city.China.Methods Shilin County was selected as the study site.Probability Proportional to Size(PPS)sampling method was used to select representative sample of 6006 residents aged 45 years and over from Shilin.Information was obtained from a cross-sectional survey on health.Data was analyzed using a muhilevel logistic modeling.Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 12.10% and 2.15% in the study area.Males had a higher prevalence of overweight than females(13.60% vs.10.71%).Similar situation was seen in the prevalence of obesity(2.82% vs.1.52%).Both village level and individual level variables were associated with obesity.whereas only individual level variables were related to overweight.Elderly had lower probability of being overweight and obese than younger people with odds ratio(OR)as 0.95(95% CI:0.83-0.97)and 0.93(95% CI:0.82-0.96),respectively.Males had higher probability of being overweight and obese than females:OR of 0.89(95% CI:0.78-0.98)and OR of 0.87(95% CI:0.78-0.97),respectively.Individuals with lower family income had increased probability of having obesity (OR=0.81,95% CI:0.73-0.95).Factor as living in a higher income village was associated with lower prevalence of obesity(OR=0.92,95% CI:0.85-0.98).Conclusion Interventions at village level on obesity in parallel with those at individual level were needed.Prevention and intervention on obesity should be emphasized in villages with higher income.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Multi-slices spiral(MSCT) perfusion and microvessel density (MVD) in maxillofacial tumors. Methods Thirty-one cases of maxillofacial tumors were studied with MSCT perfusion imaging before operation. The time-density curve, perfusion, time to peak(TTP), and Peak enhancement imaging (PEI) of tumors were calculated. MVD of the tumors was measured with immuno-histochemical method by means of detecting factor Ⅷ in all the histologic specimens. Relativity analysis was carried between MSCT perfusion imaging parameters, perfusion curve types and MVD. Results MVD of maxillofacial tumors were higher than normal tissue. MVD remarkably correlated with malignancy of the tumors. Perfusion and time to peak (TTP) correlated well with MVD(t=7.09,4.10, P0.05). Significant difference of MVD in three types of perfusion curve was found(F=8.09,P

OBJECTIVETo improve the resectable rate of massive hepatic tumors and operative tolerance of hepatectomy in the treatment of advanced liver cancers.

METHODSSixteen cases of massive hepatic tumors were reviewed. The selective exclusion of hepatic outflow and inflow in hepatectomy was discussed.

RESULTSAll the patients had normal course after the operative procedure and no hepatic coma or other severe hepatic disturbances were observed.

CONCLUSIONWhile the selective exclusion of hepatic outflow and inflow were applied, the resectable rate of massive hepatic tumors and operative tolerance of hepatectomy were improved.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Hepatic Artery ; surgery ; Hepatic Veins ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver Circulation ; Liver Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the temporal trend and spatial distribution of premature mortality burden due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in terms of years of life lost (YLL) in an urban region of Kunming for the years 1998-2003.

METHODSPan Long district was selected as the study region. YLL was used to measure premature mortality burden due to COPD. The tate of YLL per 1000 residents was calculated without age-weighting but with 3% discounting rate and broken down by year. Geographic information system (GIS) technique was used to display the spatial distribution of premature mortality burden due to COPD during the six years of study.

RESULTSDuring the years from 1998 to 2003, the premature mortality burden due to COPD decreased by years while males seemed to have a higher YLL rate of COPD than females. Central areas remained to have higher YLL/1000 population values of COPD for the six years, whereas remote areas tended to have a decreasing trend of YLL/1000 population values of COPD in the same period.

CONCLUSIONCentral areas of the city should be emphasized in further control of COPD in the urban region of Kunming.

Cause of Death ; trends ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective To evaluate the imaging methods,characteristics,diagnostic value of multi- slice CT urography(MSCTU)in congenital abnormities of urinary system.Methods To collect 33 urinary congenital abnormities cases in three years and to analyses these MSCTU images.All examinations were performed with a multi-slice spiral CT scanner.The patients were intravenously injected with 90 ml of Iohexol 300 with a power injector at the rate of 3 ml/s.Nephrographic-phase images were obtained at 75 s after initiation of the injection of contrast material,the appropriate delay time is according to Kidney's enhancement extent and nephrohydrosis degree.Excretory-phase images were obtained through the abdomen and pelvis from 10 min.to 23 h after initiation of the injection of contrast material without abdominal compression.Excretory-phase images were transferred to the workstation and performed maximun intensity projection(MIP),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),volume rendering(VR),and virtual cystoscopy (VC).Results The urinary congenital abnormities diagnosed by MSCTU in 33 cases,including 1 ectopic kidney,1 horseshoe kidney,1 renal malrotaion,2 supernumerary kidneys,2 ureteral valves,2 retrocaval ureters,4 congenital megaureters,6 ureteropelvic junction stenosis,9 pelviureteric duplication malformations and 5 bladder diverticula.The displaying rate of ureter was 91%(61/66).The scanning time of excretory-phase was less than 20 seconds in All cases.The average CT value of contrast media in displayed ureter lumens was 520 HU.The postprocessing images had clear,dimensional feature and It was satisfy the diagnosis.Conclusion MSCTU has clear,dimensional feature and has strong ability of displaying total anatomy shape and tiny pathology change of congenital abnormities in the urinary system.It is a very useful method for detecting the congenital abnormities in the urinary system.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Pancreatitis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible roles of adenosine and the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in rats.

METHODSForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A (ABP), B (ABP + theophylline intervention), C (sham) and D (blank control). ABP models were established by injecting Escherichia coli 0157 into the prostate, and those in group B were treated by intraperitoneal injection of theophylline immediately after modeling. At 4 and 14 days, the prostate tissues of the rats were collected for detection of the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by immunohistochemistry and the concentration of adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTSAt 4 and 14 days, the concentrations of adenosine were significantly higher in group A ([48.38 +/- 17.27] and [26.54 +/- 11.22] microg/g) than in C ([0.45 +/- 0.25] and [0.46 +/- 0.29] microg/g) and D ([0.41 +/- 0.23] and [0.43 +/- 0.27] microg/g) (P < 0.05), and so were the expressions of TNF-alpha in A (0.23 +/- 0.08 and 0.21 +/- 0.03) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.01) and D (0.07 +/- 0.06 and 0.07 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05), and those of IL-10 in A (0.13 +/- 0.03 and 0.25 +/- 0.01) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.03) and D (0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.02) (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the rats in group B showed significant increases at 4 and 14 days in the severity of inflammation, concentration of adenosine ([86.64 +/- 32.87] and [51.17 +/- 22.96] microg/g, P < 0.05) and expression of TNF-alpha (0.37 +/- 0.08 and 0.32 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), but exhibited no remarkable difference in the expression of IL-10 (0.12 +/- 0.06 and 0.15 +/- 0.06, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAdenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.

Adenosine ; physiology ; Animals ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Male ; Prostate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Theophylline ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDNon-adhesive liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We investigated the use of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as a non-adhesive embolic agent in swine rete mirabile.

METHODSThe PNIPAM hydrogel was mixed with iohexol and embolization was performed in swine rete mirabile in 30 animals. The microcatheter was examined after embolization. Follow-up angiography was performed for embolic efficacy after embolization. Embolized retia were examined histopathologically, and the alterations of inside rete and surrounding tissue were observed.

RESULTSThe copolymer hydrogel was used for rete embolization in 30 swine, 28 swine survived the procedure, 2 swine died, 1 swine died of cerebrum infarction and the other died of embolic agent reflux into the occipital artery. The inside wall of the microcatheter was smooth, without copolymer adhering to it. Follow-up angiography was performed in 22 swine, there was no rete recanalization in 20 swine and partial rete recanalization in 2 swine because of the trunk embolization of ascending pharyngeal arteries. Histopathologically, the copolymer was found diffused into vessels of 100 - 150 microm in diameter. In acute group, neutrophils scattered surrounding the copolymer and endothelial integrity was observed, without endothelial denuding and necrosis. In subacute and chronic groups, the copolymer was found inside retia, a few mononuclear cells and eosinocytes scattered inside and surrounding it. The muscular layer was loosened with most muscular nuclei degraded.

CONCLUSIONExperimental rete embolization with PNIPAM, made radiopaque with iohexol, is technically feasible in swine. Because of its properties, PNIPAM has great potential as a therapeutic non-adhesive embolic agent.

Acrylic Resins ; Animals ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; therapy ; Swine

PURPOSE: Although the polymorphisms of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in patients with malaria have been extensively studied, a question of whether the polymorphisms of CR1 are associated with severe malaria remains controversial. Furthermore, no study has examined the association of CR1 polymorphisms with malaria in Chinese population. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of CR1 gene polymorphism and malaria in Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed polymorphisms of CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T in 509 patients with malaria and 503 controls, using the Taqman genotyping assay and PCR-direct sequencing. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T polymorphisms between patients with malaria and controls. Furthermore, there was no association of polymorphisms in the CR1 gene with the severity of malaria in Chinese population. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T polymorphisms may not be involved in susceptibility to malaria in Chinese population.
Adult ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; Malaria/ethnology/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Receptors, Complement/blood/*genetics ; Taq Polymerase

Background Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We investigated the use of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) as a non-adhesive embolic agent in swine rete mirabile.Methods The PNIPAM hydrogel was mixed with iohexol and embolization was performed in swine rete mirabile in 30 animals. The microcatheter was examined after embolization. Follow-up angiography was performed for embolic efficacy after embolization. Embolized retia were examined histopatholgically, and the alterations of inside rete and surrounding tissue were observed.Results The copolymer hydrogel was used for rete embolization in 30 swine, 28 swine survived the procedure,2 swine died, 1 swine died of cerebrum infarction and the other died of embolic agent reflux into the occipital artery. The inside wall of the microcatheter was smooth, without copolymer adhering to it. Follow-up angiography was performed in 22 swine, there was no rete recanalization in 20 swine and partial rete recanalization in 2 swine because of the trunk embolization of ascending pharyngeal arteries. Histopatholgically,the copolymer was found diffused into vessels of 100-150 μm in diameter. In acute group, neutrophils scattered surrounding the copolymer and endothelial integrity was observed, without endothelial denuding and necrosis. In subacute and chronic groups, the copolymer was found inside retia, a few mononuclear cells and eosinocytes scattered inside and surrounding it. The muscular layer was loosened with most muscular nuclei degraded.Conclusion Experimental rete embolization with PNIPAM, made radiopaque with iohexol, is technically feasible in swine. Because of its properties, PNIPAM has great potential as a therapeutic non-adhesive embolic agent.