Wear of polyethylene (PE) tibial inserts is a significant cause of implant failure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PE inserts wear measurement and evaluation is the key in TKA researches. There are many methods to measure insert wear. Qualitative methods such as observation are used to determine the wear and its type. Quantitative methods such as gravimetric analysis, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) are used to measure the mass, volume and geometry of wear. In this paper, the principle, characteristics and research progress of main insert wear evaluation method were introduced and the problems and disadvantages were analyzed.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis ; Polyethylene ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Failure ; Tibia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Microtomography

Humans ; Hypertension ; Occupational Diseases ; Stress, Psychological

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Bortezomib ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the hemorheological changes in children with essential hyepertension,and explore their clinical significance.Methods The hemorheological parameters,blood lipid,blood glucose in 37 children with essential hyepertension [19 boys and 18 girls,median age(12.49?3.20) years] were measured and analyzed.The parameters in 30 healthy children were measured as controls.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results The whole blood viscosity under high,middle and low shear rate,plasma viscosity,hematocrit,rigidity index of erythrocyte,platelet aggregation M were significantly higher in hypertension group than those in healthy control group(Pa0.05).Conclusions There have been developed significant hemorheological changs in children with essential hypertension.The hemorheological changes might play an important role in pathogenesis of childhood hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25G illumination aided scleral buckling surgery for treatment of rhegrmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods This is a retrospective case control study.Fifty-seven RRD patients (57 eyes) were enrolled in this study.There were 35 males (35 eyes) and 22 females (22 eyes).The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmoscope group (29 patients,29 eyes) and illumination group (28 patients,28 eyes).There was no differences in the data of gender,age,onset time,logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and information of retinal tears between the two groups (P＞0.050).The patients in the ophthalmoscope group received operation of conventional scleral buckling with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.The patients in the illumination group received scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system.The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months.The BCVA,intraocular pressure,fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded.Results The difference of operation time between two groups was significant (t=2.124,P=0.031).In the ophthalmoscope group,26 eyes (89.7％) achieved retinal reattachment,3 eyes (10.3％) failed in retinal reattachment.In the illumination group,26 eyes (92.8％) achieved retinal reattachment,2 eyes (7.2％) failed in retinal reattachment.There was no difference of retinal reattachment rate (P=I.000).Five eyes failed in retinal reattachment,3 eyes received sclera buckling surgery,2 eyes received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.The final reattachment ratios were both 100％.BCVA increased in both groups compared with pre-surgery BCVA (t=4.529,5.108;P＜0.001).The difference of BCVA between two groups was not significant (t=0.559,P=0.458).There was no significant difference of intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery in both two groups (t=-1.386,-1.437;P=0.163,0.149).The difference of intraocular pressure between two groups was not significant (t=0.277,P=0.730).Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye in the ophthalmoscope group.There was no iatrogenic retinal break,choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis in the two groups.Conclusion 25G intraocular illumination aided buckling surgery for treatment of RRD is fast,safe and effective.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious complication of many fundus diseases.A variety of factors are associated with CNV.Research showed that recombinant human endostatin ( rhendostatin ) can arrest the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis.Objective This study was to observe the inhibition of rh-endostatin on experimental CNV.Methods The CNV animal models were created by Argon laser with the wavelength 532 nm to irradiate the inferior retina away optical disc 1-2 DD for 25 spots in 32 eyes of 16 chinchilla rabbits.The laser parameters were as follows:power 800 mW,spot diameter 75 μm and time shutter 50 ms.The models were then divided into model control group and rh-endostatin group.Rh-endostatin was intravitreously injected via scleral incision in 16 eyes of 8 model rabbits at 1 week after photocoagulation.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence topography(OCT) were performed at 1,2,4 weeks after photocoagulation respectively.The eyeballs were enucleated and the retinal sections were prepared for the histopathologieal examination,and the contents of VEGF and pigment epithelial derived factor(PEDF) in rabbit vitreous,and blood serum were detected by ELISA at 2,4 weeks after photocoagulation.Results Retinal edema and exudes were seen in 1 week and scarring in 4 weeks after photocoagulation.In rh-endostatin injection group,the hyperfluorescence masses were seen in the background phase and early arterial phase in 42％ (84/200) of spots in the first week.The fluorescence leakage was decreased in the rh-endostatin injection group compared with control group in the second week and ceased at the third week on the FFA after injection.Variety forms of hyperreflective zones were found below the retinal pigment epithelium on the seventh day after photocoagulation.But the partial vessel occlusion and fibroplasias were identified in the rh-endostatin injection group in the third week by the OCT.The histopathological examination showed that the morphological abnormality was mild in the rh-endostatin injection group in comparison with model group.The serum PEDF concentration was significantly elevated but the VEGF/PEDF values in vitreous and serum were declined in rhendostatin injection group compared with model group (P ＜ 0.0 1 ).Conclusions Argon laser photocoagulation could induce the experimental CNV in chinchilla rabbit.Intravitreous injection of rh-endostar can effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV in rabbit.

Endoscopes ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Rhinoplasty ; Surgical Flaps

Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Ducks ; physiology ; Growth Hormone ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Serum ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of Modified pinning combined with external tension band for the treatment of Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fractures in children.

METHODSFrom February 2009 to November 2010, 79 children with Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fractures were treated by modified pinning (pinning cross internal and external condyle assisted with lateral condyle) combined with external tension band (crossing needle end and hooking around) through lateral approach of elbow. There were 47 males and 32 females, with an average age of 8.7 years (ranging from 2.5 to 14 years). The time from injury to operation was 2 h to 8 d. The elbow joint function and Carrying angle were observed before and after treatment. The Flynn criteria were used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSSixty-one patients were followed up (18 patients' data were lost) for 6-30 months (mean 13.5 months). According to Flynn criteria, 53 patients got excellent result, 7 good and 1 fair.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of child Gartland type III humeral supracondylar fractures with modified pinning combined with external tension band through lateral approach of elbow is believed to be an ideal method, which has advantages of reliable fixation, rapid recovery and less complications.

Adolescent ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To investigate the effect of plumbagin on invasion and apoptosis of human hepatocellular car-cinoma ( HepG2 ) . Methods HepG2 cells were cul-tured in vitro with different concentrations of plumba-gin, then cell proliferation was observed by MTT as-say; cell invasion was observed by transwell invasion assay; cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results MTT results showed that plumbagin could significantly inhibit cell proliferation compared with the control group, and in a dose-dependent manner ( P <0. 05 ) . Transwell inva-sion assay showed that cell invasion was significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of plumbagin ( P < 0. 01 ) . Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rate was significantly higher in 4 , 8 μmol · L-1 group of plumbagin compared with that of the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . Immunocytochemistry showed that, with the increasing concentration of plumbagin, Bax protein expression increased, Bcl-2 protein expression was de-creased, both in a dose-dependent manner ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Plumbagin can inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis of HepG2 cells, but also has the ability to inhibit HepG2 cell in-vasion.
( P < 0. 01 ) . Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rate was significantly higher in 4 , 8 μmol · L-1 group of plumbagin compared with that of the control group ( P<0. 01 ) . Immunocytochemistry showed that, with the increasing concentration of plumbagin, Bax protein expression increased, Bcl-2 protein expression was de-creased, both in a dose-dependent manner ( P <0. 01 ) . Conclusion Plumbagin can inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis of HepG2 cells, but also has the ability to inhibit HepG2 cell in-vasion.