Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of tension-free vaginal tape(TVT) procedure in the treatment with elder female stress incontinence(SUI). Methods Six patients with proven SUI were undergone the TVT with SPRAC. Results Six patients were operated under low spinal anesthesia. Mean operation time was 31.6 minutes and the mean blood loss was 36.2 ml. Five patients were able to micturate spontaneously within 24 hours after operation. One patient with fatty and vaginal colpoptosis was in-dwelling catheter for one week. Patients were followed-up for 10-28 months. Five patients were completely cured and one patient was failed after operation three months. Two patients were de novo urgency. One patient complained of persistent suprapubic discomfort. Conclusions The tension-free vaginal tape operation is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of urinary stress incontinence with fatty vaginal colpoptosis in elderly females.

The cytolytic effect of perforin is a mechanism of anti-virus,killing microbial-infected cells and tumor cells.Perforin is a very important non-specific immune factors in fish.In order to understand the function of perforin,the cDNA of grass carp perforin C-terminal peptide was amplified from grass carp liver and kidney cDNA library.It contains a protein kinase C conserved region 2(C2).The cDNA was connected with pET32a,and transformed to expression bacteria DE3.PFP-C was expressed by a prokaryotic expression system and then purified by affinity chromatography.It showed a significant haemolytic activity when tested with rabbit red cells,the optimal pH for haemolytic activity was 7.5,and its haemolytic function dependents on Ca2+ apparently.

Objective To compare the urodynamic parameters in female patients with incontinence with or without pelvic organ prolapse. Methods The urodynamic data from 140 patients diagnosed urinary incontinence and another 42 patients coexisted with pelvic organ prolapse were reviewed and analyzed. The urodynamics parameters were compared in perfusion, urination, bladder compliance, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), detrusor muscle pressure of maximum urinary flow rate (Pdet,Qmax), minimum urinary flow rate(Pdet, Qmax), urethral resistance factor (RUA), obstruction of bladder index (OBI) and normalized detrusor contractility. The influence of pelvic organ prolapses with incontinence on bladder filling and voiding function was evaluated also.Results There were no significant differences between 140 patients of urinary incontinence and 42 patients coexisted with pelvic organ prolapse in perfusion (P=0.142), bladder compliance (P=0.273), Qmax(P=0.192),Pdet (P=-0. 629), Qmin (P=0.365) and normalized detrusor contractility (P=0.380). There were significant differences in age(P=2.2×10-5), urination(P=0.034), Pdet.Qmax(P=0.045), RUA(P=0.018), OBI (P=0.017). Conclusions There is not clinically significant change in urine storage function of bladder in patients with pelvic organ prolapse, but the parameters of voiding function of bladder may existe difference. The increased bladder outlet resistance and postvoid residual urine are noticed in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum IL-23 in predicting the progression of prostate cancer at different stages of treatment.Methods:A total of 124 patients with metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed in Beijing Hospital from June 2018 to March 2019 were collected.Patients were TNM-staged according to the Prostate Cancer Guidelines of the European Association of Urology.Serum IL-23 levels were measured in patients with metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer(mCRPC), metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer(mCSPC)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), respectively.Patients with mCRPC were subgrouped based on disease stability, and serum IL-23 levels were compared between the subgroups.Serum IL-23 levels in the groups were analyzed and compared with the Gleason score and the prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level.Results:The median value of serum IL-23 in the mCRPC group was 79.73(45.61, 95.63)μg/L, which was higher than that in the BPH group[30.88(15.01, 44.94)μg/L, Z=22.66, P=0.000]and the mCSPC group[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L, Z=11.46, P=0.001]. Serum IL-23 levels were higher in the mCSPC group than in the BPH group( Z=7.17, P=0.007). Analysis for the subgroups showed that the median value of serum IL-23 was 110.25(88.47, 159.09)μg/L in mCRPC patients with unstable disease, which was higher than that in mCRPC patients with stable disease[46.52(44.97, 80.33)μg/L, Z=33.99, P=0.000]. There was no significant difference in serum IL-23 levels between mCRPC patients with stable disease and mCSPC patients[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L]( Z=0.35, P=0.554). Conclusions:Serum IL-23 can be used as a potential biological indicator to predict the therapeutic effect of mCSPC and to predict tumor metastasis.

Objective　To evaluate the real-life clinical characteristics of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with moderate and severe enlarged prostate.　Methods　From February 2009 to January 2011,a prospective,non-interventional,multi-center study was conducted on 2 758 BPH patients recruited from 32 hospitals in 10 cities nationwide with the following criteria:prostate volume (PV) larger ≥30 ml and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) ≥ 8. Patient age,PV,IPSS,Qmax medical treatment patterns and physician prescription practice were recorded. The demographic information and clinic characteristics were evaluated as well.　Results　The mean patient age,PV,IPSS score and Qmax of 2 786eligible patients were 69.2 ±8.5 years (50 to 97 years),47.8 ±16.6 ml (30 to 165 ml),17.5 ±5.4 (8to 35 ) and 11.6 ± 3.6 ml/s (2 to 36 ml/s),respectively.Age subgroup analysis pointed that the mean PV and Qmax in 50 -55 years group were 42.8 ml and 13.3 ml/s compared to 49.0 ml and 11.1 ml/s in the group beyond 71 years.Both parameters had statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05 ). For 56.1％ of the patients,it was their first time coming to clinic seeking for medical advice. Of whom,22.8％ patients had taken BPH prescription medication regularly beyond two weeks.Only 31.3％ of the patients had a history of BPH shorter than one year.22.9％ and 18.3％ of the patients had a history of BPH for 1 -2 and 3 -4 years.And 27.5％　of the patients had a history of BPH related symptoms longer than five years. Only 52.6％ patients were treated with α adrenoceptor antagonists + 5-α reductase inhibitor by urologists according to the recommendation in Chinese guideline of BPH.　Conclusions　The symptoms and key parameters of moderate and severe benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients become worse and more with increased age in China.It is quite late for most patients coming to clinic seeking for their first medical advice.Furthermore,there is a huge gap between urologist prescription and the recommendation of the Chinese guideline on BPH.

OBJECTIVETo understand the demography changes and behaviors in drug users.

METHODSelf-reported questionnaires was used and longitudinal investigation was conducted in one of the detoxication centers in Beijing in 1998 and 2000. Drug users were randomly chosen.

RESULTSResults showed that age of drug users tend to become younger with the numbers of drug users aged below 25, increased from 18.7% in 1998 to 28.2% in 2000. Majority of drug users remained males, but the proportion of females seemed to increase. Distribution of occupation showed that the largest increase fell among individual enterprisers, from 15.2% in 1998 to 25.9% in 2000. With educational back-ground, the proportion of lower than elementary education level, including illiterate, increased. Fifty percent of drug users were unmarried which increased from 40.8% in 1998 to 53.2% in 2000. Needle sharing was quite common, 16.5% in 1998 and 11.9% in 2000, but the decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fifty-seven point three percent of the injecting drug users did not have constant partners to share equipments. Proportion of extra-marriage sexual practice increased from 12.5% in 1998 to 27.5% in 2000, and significant difference (Chi-square = 12.50, P < 0.001). Multiple partners in extra-married drug users was also found (mean = 2). Compared to 1998, condom use during every sexual practice increased in 2000, but 47.7% drug users still never used condom.

CONCLUSIONIn summary, as the quick increase of drug users, sharing of injecting equipment and high-risk sexual behavior, including multiple partners and unprotected sex, were quite common, with the possibility of HIV epidemic in drug users.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of interleukin-2(IL-2)on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)mice.Methods After establishment of the EAE(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) mouse models with MOG35-55 polypeptides,the mice were grouped according to the neurological function score and divided into control group,EAE group and low dose IL-2 treatment group.A double blind method was used to evaluate the neuro-logical impairment in mice.On the 29th day,pathological experiments were carried out in the mice's brain and spinal cord, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the scoring of inflammatory cell infiltration and luxol fast blue staining was used to evaluate the scoring of demyelinating.The proportion of regulatory T cells(Treg)and NK cells(natural killer cell, NK)was detected by flow cytometry,and the immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of glial fibril -lary acidic protein(GFAP)and myelin basic protein(MBP)in the spinal cord.Results Compared with the EAE group, the neurological function score, the inflammatory cell infiltration score and the demyelinating score of the low dose IL-2 treatment group were reduced.The proportion of Treg cells in the low dose IL-2 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the EAE group,and the proportion of NK cells in the low dose IL-2 treatment group was slightly higher than that in the EAE group The expression of GFAP and MBP was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression level of GFAP in low dose IL-2 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the EAE group,while the expression level of MBP was higher than that in the EAE group.Conclusion Low dose IL-2 has significant therapeutic effect on EAE mice.

OBJECTIVE To illuminate the adenoid bacteria distribution in children with adenoid hypertrophy. METHODS PubMed, Embash, Medline, CNKI, VIP Information and Wanfang data were searched for studies on the adenoid bacteria distribution and adenoid hypertrophy. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this meta analysis. The pooled detection rates of haemophilus influenza, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumonia were 0.21 (95%CI, 0.09-0.32), 0.14 (95%CI, 0.09-0.20) and 0.15 (95%CI , 0.08-0.22) respectively. CONCLUSION Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae are three main kinds of pathogenic bacteria of adenoid hypertrophy in children.

Although previous studies have shown functional efficacy of myelotomy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), the underlying mechanism remained unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between myelotomy-mediated neuroprotection and autophagy following SCI by evaluating the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-II) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Ninety-nine adult female rats were randomly assigned to either sham-operated group (SG), model group (MG), or 24 h-myelotomy group (MTG). SCI at T10 was induced with a New York University impactor, and myelotomy was performed 24 h after SCI. Functional recovery was evaluated via the open-field test. The protein expression of LC3-II was analyzed by Western blot, and the mRNA expression of LC3-II and mTORC1 were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Rats in the MTG exhibited significantly better performance in the hind limbs compared to those in the MG on day seven and fourteen post-injury. Myelotomy suppressed the protein and mRNA expression of LC3-II on day three, seven and fourteen post-injury and increased the mRNA expression of mTORC1 in the MTG on day three and seven post-injury. The LC3-II protein expression was significantly and negatively correlated with BBB scores at day seven and fourteen post-injury. These results showed that myelotomy-induced neuroprotection in a rat model of SCI was likely mediated by inhibition of autophagy by activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway

OBJECTIVESTo study the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes of the revision surgery to treat recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom March 1997 to November 2010, 12 patients (12 hips) with revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation were reviewed. There were 5 male and 7 female, aged from 20 to 73 years (mean age 52.7 years), whose body mass index (BMI) were 14.8-30.0 kg/m2 (mean 23.6 kg/m2). The Harris score and WOMAC score were registered and analyzed before surgery and at the time of latest follow-up. Any episode of dislocation and other complications such as deep infection, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (DVT-PE) events, periprosthetic fracture, or early aseptic loosening were recorded.

RESULTSTwelve patients were successfully followed for 1.0-12.7 years (mean 4.0 years). No further dislocation episodes reported and all the hips were stable at the time of follow-up. No one complicated as deep infection, DVT-PE events, periprosthetic fracture, or early aseptic loosening. The Harris score was greatly improved from 38±21 before surgery to 81±9 at the time of last follow-up with statistic significance (t=-8.616, P<0.05) accompany with the WOMAC score elevation from 54±21 to 82±12 significantly (t=-6.200, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONWith a reasonable algorithmic approach, the recurrent dislocated total hip arthroplasty can be treated with a relatively high success rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Dislocation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult