12th International Conference on AIDS was organized in 1998 in Geneva with aim 'Shorten the Distance'. The conference presented some major achievements of AIDS control including vaccine development, treatment (drug combination, early treatment, optimal and alternative treatment in the long-term, multitherapy and optimal inhibition of each drug, dosage and drug resistance).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV

The discrimination, differential treatment, refusal and uncovering of secrete related with HIV/AIDS affected badly on the HIV/AIDS control, care and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients, families and community. The anti-discrimination and anti differential treatment for patients with HIV/AIDS is a leading priority of the AIDS control in the world.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; therapeutics

It should be assured that at least 90% of young people (in the year 2005) and 95% of them (in 2010) with ages of 15-24 will approach to the education and information of HIV/AIDS, including the peer and specific education. The essential services and living experiences should be provided to young people to reduce the susceptibility of them for HIV. The comprehensive relations between parents, families, school and health staffs should be strengthened in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control. It should also equip the full, thorough information of HIV/AIDS for young people
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In 1999, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has developed rapidly and spread widely to 61 out of 61 provinces and cities. The epidemic has developed mainly in drug injected users, but it tends to increase in sex industrial workers and develop to general population, especially in thirties. HIV/AIDS remains an urgent problem now because of increase in number, expanse in geography, younger in age and tends to invade more deeply to general population.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The authors present a study on the pathological features of 45 spleens which were splenectomised by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from 1/1/1990 to 31/12/1997 at Viet Duc hospital, 43/45 were women, age from 12 to 50, in which 35/45 were under 30 ages. Weight and sexe of these spleens were observed. They are in normal size or rather enlarged, but their weight are hyperplasis, but no sclerosis and nomalignacy: neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and sometimes megakaryocytes may be found in the red
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Pathology

Men were susceptible to HIV in the special condition. The HIV/AIDS prevention and control program of United Nation recognized some groups of men that should be considered including men working in dangerous sites, army, far from their home, continuous changed there offices, prisoner and street men.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Comprehensive care for HIV/AIDS patients in community is very necessary. The author advances 3 solution groups: infectious source includes drug use, vaccine, advisory control, treatment; infectious way include sterile instrument use; sensory body include realizing safely behaviours in infection. These are also opinions of our State "considering people with HIV are patients" to create opportunity for them to integrate with community life
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV ; Communicable Diseases

BACKGROUND: Mimic pulsatile flow system is the optimal device to assess the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses, but few studies concern about the performance of mimic pulsatile flow system and the effect of mimic cardiac ventricle driving curve on hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses. OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of cardiac ventricle driving curve on the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses under physiological condition DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a control observation, was carried out in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory,Biomedical Engineering Center, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University (Chengdu, Sichuan, China)from April 1999 to February 2000.MATERIALS: Mimic pulsatile flow system was adopted, with the mimic cardiac output at 4 L per minute and heart rate at75 beats per minute. METHODS: The mimic puisatile flow system was implanted with 25 nun Carbo Medics bileaflet prosthesis into the aortic valve position, with 27 mm Bj(o)rk-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis into the mitral valve position. Standard cardiac ventricle driving curve was employed to test the system parameters and maintain the aortic pressure at 16.0/10.7 kPa (120/80 mm Hg).Experimental liquid was a mixtrue of saline and glycerine, at a viscosity of 3.5noa·s(3.5Cp)and a density of 1.06g/cm3.The mimic flow system kept at an unchanged level of ventricular end diastolic volume, aorta arterial compliance, peripheral resistance and peripheral compliance. The coordinate on several points of standard cardiac ventricle driving curve was modified to define 4 control curves, followed by a series of procedures, such as automatic interpolation, fitting, waveform smoothing and filtering. The hydrodynamic performance of each controlled curve was also tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean transvaivular pressure gradient, effective orifice area, closing volume and leakage volume of mechanical valvular prostheses were evaluated in five cardiac ventricle driving curves.RESULTS: The cardiac ventricle driving curves developed morphological changes within physiological conditions,subsequently induced a 2.9% variance of mean transvalvular pressure gradient, 1.5% variance of effective orifice area, 6.6%variance of closing volume and 3.6% variance of leakage volume.CONCLUSION: The cardiac ventricle driving curve has a certain effect on the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prosthesis, thereby leads to an adverse effect on the objectivity and comparability of the hydrodynamic evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been a great impetus to clinical hypertension research in respect of the liability, differentiation between high-risk and low-risk patients and the therapeutic effect of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, in this study we reviewed recent research on ABPM in the prevention and early intervention of hypertension. DATA SOURCF: Related articles were retrieved by computer in the Medline between January 1993 and January 2002, with the key words of 'ambulatory blood pressure monitoring', 'hypertension', 'life satisfaction', 'effect factors'and 'blood pressure monitoring' and the language confined to English. STUDY SELECTION: After the first trial, literature containing research randomized controlled clinical trial and review on the confirmed primary,allel control group. Repetitive studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: We selected a total of 20 articles on the association of ABPM with the prevention and early intervention of hypertension, 7of which accorded with the inclusion criteria. The other 13 articles were excluded because 10 of them had little relevance to the objective of our study and 13 were repetitive studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: ABPM was used to assess general BP profile, the peak level of drug action and lasting time under various states, such as resting, instable emotion, as well as movement and sleep. Then the safe dosage and medication time were draw up according to the peak-effect (the maximum decrement of diastolic pressure and systolic pressure after a dosage administration) and the valley effect (the decreasing amplitude when completing a dosage medication), as well as the relationship between them, aiming to keep the antihypertensive peak-to-valley ratio above 60%,which guaranteed the stable antihypertensive effect within 24 hours and was beneficial to the individualized treatment. CONCLUSION: ABPM can decide whether patients with hypertension need earlier intervention, and has been used in the assessment of therapeutic effect. It is also considered as an important independent predictor for the occurrence of hypertension complications. Twenty-four hours ABPM can not only determine the type of hypertension, but also keep the patients informed of their BP fluctuation profile at any time in order to avoid hypotension when sleeping, thus helping prevent severe hypertension complications such as stroke. Furthermore, ABPM can predict the severity of hypertension, and BP variation and day-night fluctuation, which provides guidance for the early intervention, correct medication and regular life.

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and neurological function in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods Patients meet the diagnostic criteria of the PSD were randomly recurited into a control group and a study group.The control group received conventional therapy. On this basis, the study group was treated with Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction.The levels of serum BDNF,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24), neurological impairment rating scale (MESSS), stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement table (STREAM) rate situation and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results After treated for 3 weeks and 6 weeks,the serum BDNF level in the study group was significantly higher(t=2.52、 2.14. P＜0.05) than the control group, while HAMD score was significantly lower than the control group(t=2.07、3.02,P＜0.01). MESSS score in the study group was also significantly lower than control group (t=2.51、4.50, P＜0.01). After 6 weeks treatment both STREAM score(t=2.01, P＜0.05) and the therapeutic effects (x2=7.93,P＜0.05) showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction can increase serum BDNF levels, reduce depression, improve nerve and motor function and boost clinical efficacy.