In filariasis the infectivity of the appropriate mosquito vector is not consistent with the microfilarial density of the host. The reason may be attributed such factors as the time of microfilarial appearance in the peripheral blood of the host, the time of maximum biting activity of the arthropod vector, or the morphological adaptation of the feeding mechanism of the vector. However, it is quite puzzling to see why the number of microfilariae taken up by mosquitoes is subjected such a great variation, even though the same batch of mosquitoes are fed on the same filarial host under same laboratory conditions. The experiment was designed to observe more detail aspect of this relation. Adult Aedes togoi (Theobald, 1907) mosquitoes were reared from egg rafes colonized in an insectary. Animals used were Taiwan monkeys, Macaca cyclopsis which had been artificially infected with Wucheria malayi. The animals showed the microfilarial counts as low as nil to ten per slide of 20 cmm3 of blood, which seem to be rather fortunate for this kind of work. The microfilarial density of each animal was counted by taking each ten smears of 20 cmm(3) of peripheral blood the ear lobes before and after mosquito bite. Feeding were done in two occations, during 1600-1630 and 1900-1930 hours of the same day. The monkeys were immobilized and a rayon cage, housed 100 female mosquitoes for two days starvation, was exposed to the shaved abdomen of each animal. Fully engorged mosquitoes were transferred to a square rearing cage, which was later placed in the insectary, where kept temperature of 23-27degree C and relative humidity of 80-85 per cent. It was found that filarial larvae of the mosquito body usually develop to the third or infective stage in about 10 days after blood meal under these conditions. Daily dissections were made of these mosquitoes, either living or dead, after one week of rearing. Analysing of the result, the following conclusion was made. The rate and intensity of infection in mosquitoes are not directly related to the blood counts of microfilariae of the host animals. This is perhaps due to fluctuations of microbial outflow in the peripheral blood of individual animals. The reason of this would be no doubt due to a patch type of microfilarial distribution in the host blood.
parasitology-arthropodology-mosquito ; Aedes togoi ; Macaca cyclopsis ; monkey ; protozoology ; Brugia malayi ; microfilaria ; animal

12th International Conference on AIDS was organized in 1998 in Geneva with aim 'Shorten the Distance'. The conference presented some major achievements of AIDS control including vaccine development, treatment (drug combination, early treatment, optimal and alternative treatment in the long-term, multitherapy and optimal inhibition of each drug, dosage and drug resistance).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV

The discrimination, differential treatment, refusal and uncovering of secrete related with HIV/AIDS affected badly on the HIV/AIDS control, care and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients, families and community. The anti-discrimination and anti differential treatment for patients with HIV/AIDS is a leading priority of the AIDS control in the world.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; therapeutics

It should be assured that at least 90% of young people (in the year 2005) and 95% of them (in 2010) with ages of 15-24 will approach to the education and information of HIV/AIDS, including the peer and specific education. The essential services and living experiences should be provided to young people to reduce the susceptibility of them for HIV. The comprehensive relations between parents, families, school and health staffs should be strengthened in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control. It should also equip the full, thorough information of HIV/AIDS for young people
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In 1999, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has developed rapidly and spread widely to 61 out of 61 provinces and cities. The epidemic has developed mainly in drug injected users, but it tends to increase in sex industrial workers and develop to general population, especially in thirties. HIV/AIDS remains an urgent problem now because of increase in number, expanse in geography, younger in age and tends to invade more deeply to general population.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The authors present a study on the pathological features of 45 spleens which were splenectomised by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from 1/1/1990 to 31/12/1997 at Viet Duc hospital, 43/45 were women, age from 12 to 50, in which 35/45 were under 30 ages. Weight and sexe of these spleens were observed. They are in normal size or rather enlarged, but their weight are hyperplasis, but no sclerosis and nomalignacy: neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and sometimes megakaryocytes may be found in the red
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Pathology

Men were susceptible to HIV in the special condition. The HIV/AIDS prevention and control program of United Nation recognized some groups of men that should be considered including men working in dangerous sites, army, far from their home, continuous changed there offices, prisoner and street men.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Comprehensive care for HIV/AIDS patients in community is very necessary. The author advances 3 solution groups: infectious source includes drug use, vaccine, advisory control, treatment; infectious way include sterile instrument use; sensory body include realizing safely behaviours in infection. These are also opinions of our State "considering people with HIV are patients" to create opportunity for them to integrate with community life
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV ; Communicable Diseases

Objective To discuss the common deviation in TCM dispensing and corresponding measures. Methods Totally 103 cases of TCM deviation happened in the TCM dispensary of outpatient clinic in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2014 were selected. Retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze case related data collation and factors that affect the quality of TCM dispensing. Corresponding measures for each factor were designed.Results Age and gender of all the 103 cases showed no influence on the statistics of TCM deviation in the study. Among the 103 cases of TCM deviation, 41 cases were caused by factors about medicine. Among the 41 cases, 9 cases were about similar packaging; 12 cases were about similar medicine names; 2 cases were about quality problems; 18 cases were about lack of standardization in medicine placement. 33 cases were caused by factors about deployment, among which, 8 cases were about dosage error, 8 cases were about waste in the preparation process of TCM decoction pieces, 17 cases were about replacement of TCM decoction pieces. 29 cases were caused by factors about prescriptions, among which, 13 cases were about errors of prescription entering deviation, 11 cases were about prescription examining deviation, 5 cases were about ignorance of prescription footnotes. Conclusion Common deviation in TCM dispensing and the reasons are complicated. Timely and correct measures targeting them should be taken to improve the quality of TCM dispensing and guarantee safety.

OBJECTIVE: To discover early the latency factors influencing assay accuracy and to improve the quality of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). METHODS: The distribution and changing trend in the original data of internal quality control (IQC ) for cyclosporine and phenytoin were analyzed, and the property and source of determination errors were estimated according to the statistical theory. RESULTS: The determined data which were more or less than target values were evidently out of balance in distribution, which showed greatly significant or significant difference(P