Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease caused worldwide. Objective: To research the epidemiology of COPD in the population of Bac Giang city and finding out the risk factors of COPD. Subjects and method: Cross-sectional survey of general population sample of 2,104 men and women with the age \ufffd?0 years in 30 wards of 11 communes of Bac Giang city. Data on respiratory symptoms, diseases, and risk factors were collected. Lung function tests were performed with Spiroanalyzer snoo, Japan. Results and conclusions: The incidence of COPD was 2.3%; in men 3.0% and in women 1.7%. The incidence of simple chronic bronchitis was 6.4%. People who smoked had higher rate of COPD than the others (OR = 2.8). The incidence of smoking in COPD was 55.9%. The three most important risk factors of COPD was the age \ufffd?0; smoking >15 pack/year and medical history of asthma.
Pulmonary Disease ; Chronic Obstructive/ epidemiology

No abstract available.
Epidemiology* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

3606 inpatients at the Department of Pneumology of Bach Mai Hospital from 1 Jan 1996 to 31 Dec 2000 were studied retrospectively. 904 patients accquired COPD, ie in the first rank, among them 142 with the chronical cardio-pulmonary complication male/female ratio was 2.13, age above 50 was 81.6%; 275/299 have had the smoking habit. The common symptoms were cough with sputum 80.75%, dyspnea 78.65%, rale 42%. 238 patients underwent an exam of ventilation function with FEV1 56.5  27.35% in comparing with theorical value, FEV1/FVC = 64  24.55%. 10/89 patients had FEV1/FVC > 75% but Tiffeneau index FEV1/VC < 70%. Average duration of hospital days was 12.9 days.
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; disease ; epidemiology

No abstract available.
Esophagitis, Peptic/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/*epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo study the death burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in west rural areas of China in 2004 - 2005.

METHODSThe data from 2004 - 2005 the Third National Mortality Retrospective Sampling Survey were used in the study. A total of 28 621 276 person years were investigated in west rural areas, which covered 12 provinces, and consisted of 42 surveillance districts. Based on the data of death cause and population, mortality of COPD, years of potential life lost(YPLL) rate, working YPLL (WYPLL) rate, YPLL rate due to COPD/YPLL rate due to all deaths in west rural areas were calculated and compared with other rural areas. Standardized death rate, standardized YPLL (SYPLL) rate, standardized working YPLL (SWYPLL) rate were calculated from census data in 2000 as standard population and 2004 - 2005 national life expectancy as standard life expectancy.

RESULTSThe elder has the higher crude death rate and YPLL rate of COPD in survey districts of west rural areas. And the crude death rate of COPD and YPLL rate were different in different genders. The YPLL rate was 15.47‰ in male and 15.73‰ in female. The crude death rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to COPD/YPLL rate due to all deaths in survey districts of west rural areas were: 109.53/100 000, 15.76‰, 2.82‰, 11.23%, which were high. While crude death rate, YPLL rate, WYPLL rate, the ratio of YPLL rate due to COPD/YPLL rate due to all deaths in the poorest survey districts of west rural areas were: 122.04/100 000, 27.47‰, 4.26‰, 13.44%, which were higher than other stratifications of west rural areas.

CONCLUSIONThe death burden of COPD in west rural areas in 2004 - 2005 was the heaviest one in China which experienced the feature that the poorer the rural regions, the heavier the death burden.

China ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; economics ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Rural Population

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; epidemiology ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the methodology on prevalence study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in line with the world, to obtain accurate epidemic data of COPD in China.

METHODSA national multi-center cross-sectional survey on prevalence, risk factors and burden of COPD was conducted in China. In each area, a population-based cluster sample of approximately 1450 individuals aged 40 years or older was interviewed, using standardized questionnaires that were revised on the methodology of burden of lung diseases (BOLD) study and according under the context of China. All participants were submitted to pre-bronchodilator spirometry. Those with airflow limitation received post-bronchodilator spirometry, physical examination, X-rays of chest and EKG (electrocardiogram) tests. The post-bronchodialators FEV1/FVC < 70% was identified as having COPD.

RESULTSInvestigation has been completed with the same standardized procedures by all sites, up to the requirement of quality control. Over 85.0% of the spirometry tests and 95.0% of questionnaires had met the criteria of quality control in each area. Overall, 95.2% of the data was valid with acceptable spirometry and questionaire, and the valid response rate was 79.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe protocol was in line with the international standards, by which the prevalence of COPD in China was of adequate quality and valid.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; epidemiology

Objective: To understand the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Suzhou cohort, and explore the risk factors for the development of COPD in Suzhou, and provide a scientific basis for COPD prevention. Methods: This study was based on the China Kadoorie Biobank project in Wuzhong District, Suzhou. After excluding individuals with airflow obstruction and self-reported chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or pulmonary heart disease at baseline, 45 484 individuals were finally included in the analysis. Cox proportional risk models were used to analyze risk factors of COPD and calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the Suzhou cohort. The effect modifications of smoking on the association between other risk factors and COPD were evaluated. Results: Complete follow-up was available through December 31, 2017. Participants were followed up for a median of 11.12 years, and 524 individuals were diagnosed with COPD during the follow-up period; the incidence was 105.54 per 100 000 person-years. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models showed that age (HR=3.78, 95%CI:3.32-4.30), former smoking (HR=2.00, 95%CI:1.24-3.22), current smoking (<10 cigarettes/day, HR=2.14, 95%CI:1.36-3.35;≥10 cigarettes/day, HR=2.69, 95%CI:1.60-4.54), history of respiratory disease (HR=2.08, 95%CI:1.33-3.26), daily sleep duration ≥10 hours (HR=1.41, 95%CI:1.02-1.95) were associated with increased risk of COPD. However, education level of primary school and above (primary or junior high school, HR=0.65, 95%CI:0.52-0.81; high school and above, HR=0.54, 95%CI:0.33-0.87), consuming fresh fruit daily (HR=0.59, 95%CI:0.42-0.83) and consuming spicy food weekly (HR=0.71, 95%CI:0.53-0.94) were associated with reduced risk of COPD. Conclusions: The incidence of COPD is low in Suzhou. Older age, smoking, history of respiratory disease, and long sleep duration were risk factors for the development of COPD in the Suzhou cohort.
Humans ; Incidence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/epidemiology* ; Tobacco Smoking

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable chronic airway disease characterized by persistent airflow restriction and associated respiratory symptoms. COPD is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases and one of the top three causes of death in the world. The prevalence of COPD among provinces in China are at a high levels for years. The prevalence of COPD varies from country to country, region to region, and population to population, and the incidence and development of COPD are influenced by multi risk factors, including individual genetic factors, age, sex, body mass index, abdominal obesity and physical activity and environment factors, such as smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and occupational exposure.
Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Asthma/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To study epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs of female inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze electronic hospitalization summary reports of female inpatients with AECOPD in Beijing from 2013 to 2020. Clinical characteristics (age distribution and comorbidities), epidemiological characteristics (temporal and spatial distribution characteristics), hospi-talization times and costs of patients were described. RESULTS: A total of 57 911 subjects in 166 hospitals were included in this study, with a mean age of (78.84±8.59) years and the highest number of patients aged 80-89 years (49.06%), followed by patients aged 70-79 years (31.08%), and the lowest number of patients under 50 years (0.41%). The proportions of patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and heart failure were 30.60%, 30.52% and 26.54% respectively. The median number of daily hospitalizations during the study period was 18 (IQR: 16). The number of daily hospitalizations for AECOPD showed an overall growth trend over the eight years from 2013 to 2020, starting to increase significantly in 2015 and continuing to increase until 2019, then followed by a decline in 2020. The proportion of inpatient admissions was higher in winter and spring (54.09%) than that in summer and autumn (45.91%). The top three districts in terms of the proportion of total inpatient admissions were Xicheng district (14.18%), Chaoyang district (14.12%) and Fengtai district (13.47%). The density of inpatients was relatively high in the western regions, central urban areas and northeastern regions of the city, while the density of inpatients was relatively low in the near suburbs. The median number of hospital days for female patients with AECOPD was 12 days, and the median hospital costs was CNY 20 648.37. Patients from urban areas had longer hospitalization times and higher hospitalization costs than those from suburban areas (P < 0.001). Western medicine expenses accounted for the largest proportion of total hospital expenses (33.32%). During the study period, hospitalization costs exhibited an overall pattern of initial growth, followed by subsequent decline, eventually stabilizing. The differences in hospitalization costs among the patients with different comorbidities were significant. CONCLUSION Female hospitalized patients with AECOPD in Beijing were older than 70 years, often complicated by cardiovascular disease. AECOPD occurred mainly in winter and spring, with regional differences. The hospitalization costs were closely associated with the patients' age, comorbidities, and the geographicical region.
Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Inpatients ; Beijing ; Retrospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Hospitalization