Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to public health, leads to health and economic burden. Studies show that knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use is poor, especially among rural residents. However, there is no study conducted on knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use among the public in rural area Malaysia. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and attitude on antibiotic use among public in rural area Batu Pahat, Johor. This was a cross-sectional study in which closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to 350 rural residents in Batu Pahat by convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was constructed into socio-demographic, antibiotic use and indication, knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use. The most inappropriate knowledge responses were found for assumption about the effectiveness of antibiotics towards viral infection (69.1%), colds and coughs (57.7%). Only few were aware about the decrease in antibiotic effectiveness following antibiotic overuse (29.1%). Misuse antibiotics for cold (64.0%), expect antibiotics to be prescribed for common cold symptoms (52.6%) and discontinue antibiotics when start feeling better (63.4%) were the several highest inappropriate responses in attitude domain. Significant association was shown between both knowledge level and attitude level with age, gender, educational level, monthly income, occupation related to healthcare, family member’s occupation related to healthcare and most common location seek for healthcare. In conclusion, the rural residents demonstrated moderate knowledge (50%) but negative attitude (56.9%) towards antibiotic use. To cope with antibiotic resistance issue, proper planning on effective methods to promote appropriate use of antibiotics are necessary.

Occupational stress exists in all professions, but the nursing profession appears to experience more stress at work compared to other health care workers. Stressful conditions at the workplace may cause the high turnover and burnout among nurses. This study objective was to determine the level of stress and its associated factors among in-patient ward nurses. A cross sectional study using the stratified random sampling method was carried out among 114 staff nurses from 5 different departments in a public hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Respondents were requested to complete a single set of validated and self-administered questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) . Data was analysed using SPSS 17. In general, the prevalence of stress at the department of Medicine was found to be higher compared to other departments studied. There was also a statistical significant relationship between the prevalence of stress and types of department (p<0.05). The association between prevalence of stress and age, marital status, financial status and working shift were not found to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, stress had no significant association with socio-demographic factors (age, marital status and financial status) and working environment except for type of department nurses work in. There might be some other possible confounders that have a bigger potential in becoming stressors compared to those independent variables in this study.

To assess the oral health behaviour and preventive dental care experiences of patients with special health care needs (SHCN) who attended the Special Care Dental (SCD) Clinic at University of Malaya. Data were collected from 31 patients using a self-administered questionnaire which consisted of questions pertaining to their oral health behaviours and experiences on receiving preventive dental care (PDC). For patients who were unable to answer due to existing health conditions, parents or primary caregivers were approached as proxy. Descriptive analysis was conducted and reported based on percentages to identify the oral health behaviour and PDC of the individuals. Majority brushed their teeth at least once a day (84%), used fluoridated toothpaste (87%) and oral hygiene aids (58%). However, almost half of them (48%) required assistance from parents or caregivers during tooth brushing and consumed sugary snacks in between meals (58%). About 80% had received PDC where the type of care received was mainly oral hygiene advice (77%). Slightly more than 80% preferred the one-to-one demonstration method during PDC. Most gave positive evaluation on their PDC experience especially on items pertaining to the dentist’s attitude. Whilst most of the SHCN patients in this study had positive perception on the PDC that they received and practised good brushing behaviour, their dietary habits need to be improved. Thus, regular preventive dental visit amongst SHCN patients is important for appropriate and comprehensive dental care in maintaining oral health..