By analyzing "Diagnose and treatment of cholera in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)", we found that such symptoms as serious vomiting and dysentery appeared in febrile diseases, which is similar to cholera. Therefore, Shanghan Lun named it "cholera illness". This name not only clearly manifested the characteristics of such gastrointestinal-febrile disease, but also emphasized the significance of differential diagnosis between cholera with "cholera illness" in febrile diseases.

Objective To investigate the influence of astragalus polysaccharide administration on the the expression of pancreatic Kir6.2 in diabetes rats.Methods Wistar rats were induced diabetes mellitus,then divided into model group,control group,low dose group,and high dose group randomly.After OGTT of them were observed,determination of the Kir6.2 mRNA and protein expression levels in pancreas was performed by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The expression of Kir6.2 in model group decreased significantly,and the expressions of Kir6.2 in low dose and hish dose groups were higher than the model group (P<0.05).Conclusion Astragalus polysaccharide displayed up-regulation to the expression of pancreatic Kir6.2.which may be a mechanism on reducing blood glucose.

Objective To investigate the effect of Xinhuang Pian on pancreatic apoptosis and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc in rat with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods 90 Wister rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including control group, AP group and Xinhuang Pian treatment (XP) group.AP model was induced by pancreaticobiliary injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1ml/kg weight). Rats in XP group were given Xinhuang Pian solution (480 mg/kg weight) lavage 30min after AP induction, The rats were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24 h after AP induction, and serum amylase levels were determed, pancreatic pathological change was observed; apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method. The determination of Bcl-2and c-Myc protein expression was performed by Western blot. Results 12 h after AP induction, serum amylase, pancreatic pathological scores, apoptotic indexes and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc were (1927 ± 186) U/L, 0, 0.59 ± 0. 12, 0.406 ± 0. 112, 0. 185 ± 0. 046 in control group; (5611 ± 473) U/L,2.65 ± 0. 56, 3.80 ± 0. 91, 0. 282 ± 0.082, 0. 339 ± 0. 076 in AP group; and (4572 ± 400) U/L, 2.40 ± 0. 75,7.15 ± 0. 86, 0. 220 ± 0.068, 0. 302 ± 0. 090 in XP group. The levels of serum amylase, pancreatic pathological scores, apoptotic indexes and the protein expression of c-myc in AP and XP group were all significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0. 05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was significanfiy lower than that in control group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with AP group, the levels of serum amylase, pancreatic pathological scores, protein expression of Bcl-2 were all significanfiy lower in XP group (P < 0. 05 ), but the apoptotic indexe was significantly higher (P < 0. 05 ), and there was no significat change of expression of c-Myc protein.Conclusions Xinhuang Pian may induce the pancreatic apoptosis through down-regulating Bcl-2 protein expression, and result in the alleviation of pancreatic inflammatory reaction.

Objective To establish an isolation method for solid GTC in peripheral blood using EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads and evaluate the sensitivity of the method and its application significance. Methods Five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred MCF7 (breast cancer), KYSE70 (esophageal cancer), BxPC-3 (pancreatic cancer) and 9811P (stomach cancer) cells were added into 7. 5 ml erythrocyte lysed peripheral blood obtained from healthy volunteers respectively. EpCAM antibodylinked nanobeads were used to enrich cancer cells. The recovery rates of the in vitro added cancer cells were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Then, the untreated thirty cases of esophageal cancer (six cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, twenty-four cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-five cases of breast cancer (fifteen cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty cases of pancreatic cancer (five cases at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ , twenty-five cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ), thirty-three gastric cancer (thirteen cases for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,twenty cases at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were enrolled to enrich the peripheral blood CTC. Thirty healthy volunteers and thirty gastritis patients served as two groups of control. Meanwhile the enriched CTC was identified by IF and HE staining. FISH was used to analyze the copy number of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 in two hundred esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic caner and gastric cancer CTC. Results After DAPI staining and mixing with 7.5 ml peripheral blood from healthy donors, the average cell recovery rates of KYSE70, MCF7, BxPC-3 and 9811P cells evaluated under fluorescence microscope were 87%, 87%, 86% and 88% (within group), and the recovery rates of 5 gradient dilution levels were 88%, 85%, 87%, 88% and 87% (intergroup). With a high sensitivity, this method was able to isolate one cancer cell in 107 white blood cells of peripheral blood. The positive rates of more than 2 CTC in the peripheral blood detected by this method were 50% (15/30) of esophageal cancer, 63% (22/35) of breast cancer, 70% (21/30) of pancreatic cancer and 61% (20/33) gastric cancer patients respectively,but no CTC was detected in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and gastritis patients (P = 0. 000).The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and chromosome 20 were found in 80% esophageal cancer, 75% breast cancer, 65% pancreatic cancer and 59% gastric cancer. Conclusions The CTC isolation technique with EpCAM antibody-linked nanobeads is sensitive and accurate. The aneusomy of chromosome 8 and 20 is frequent in CTC from esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer.

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene,and to detect the expression of mir-7-3 gene in U251 cells.Methods The fragments containing all the mir-7-3 gene were amplified by RT-PCR and were cloned into the lentivirus vectors labeled with GFP,which was transfected together with the packaging plasmids into 293T cells by CaC12.The supernatant was collected,concentrated,identified,and was transfected to U251 cells of gliomas.Fluorescent microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence in the 293T cell,and real time RT-PCR was used to examine the relative contents of mir-7-3 in U251 cells.Results Electrophores was shown that the sequence of the RT-PCR product was consistent with the data of mir-7-3 by DNA sequence analysis,indicating that the mir-7-3 gene was successfully cloned,and strong green fluorescence was observed by fluorescent microscopy.The supernatant of lentivirus-transfected 293T cells effectively infected U251 cells and the relative content of mir-7-3 was observed in the transfected U251 cells.Conclusion It is concluded that the lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene was constructed successfully,which provides a basis for further study of mir-7-3 function.

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene and study the function of mir-7-3 gene and its role in glioma gene therapy.Methods The plasmid Lenti-GFP-mir-7-3 and packaging plasmids pRsv-REV,pMDlg-pRRE and pMD2G were co-transfected into the human embryonic kidney epithelial cell line 293T cells,and then,recombinant lentiviral FIV-CMV-GFP-mir-7-3 carried mir-7-3 gene and GFP gene was obtained; fluorescence expression of 293T cells was observed under fluorescence microscope.The supematant was collected,concentrated and identified,and then,it was used to transfect into the U251 glioma cells (positive transfection group); and blank control group (cells transfected with empty vector) and negative control group (parental cells) were also employed.Real time-PCR was used to examine the relative contents of mir-7-3 in U251 cells; Westem blotting was employed to detect the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and serine/threonine kinase (AKT2) protein expressions; cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and cell proliferative activities were measured by MTT method.Results Recombinant lentiviral FIV-CMV-GFP-mir-7-3 carried mir-7-3 gene and GFP gene was successfully constructed in 293T cells; electrophores showed that the sequence of RT-PCR product was consistent with the data ofmir-7-3 by DNA sequence analysis,indicating that the mir-7-3 gene was successfully cloned; strong green fluorwscence was observed by fluorwscent microscopy.The supernatant of lentivirus-transfected 293T cells was effectively infected into U251 cells and the relative content of mir-7-3 could be observed in the transfected U251 cells.As compared with those in the parental cells and the cells transfected with empty vector,the protein expressions of EGFR and AKT2 in the transfected group decreased significantly,reaching 38％ and 42％,respectively (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the parental cells and the cells transfected with empty vector,the cells at G0/G1 phase increased,the S phase fiaction was lower and the survival rates dramatically dropped in the mir-7-3 transfected cells 3,4,5 and 6 d after implanation.Conclusions The lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene was constructed successfully.Mir-7-3 could specifically suppress EGFR and AKT2 expressions,induce gene silencing,inhibit cell growth,indicating that this way should be a new strategy in glioma gene therapy.

Breast augmentation is a surgical method to enlarge the breasts and to enhance women＇s body image and self-confidence. Implant-based augmentation mammaplasty is currently the most common cosmetic breast surgery, and its outcomes are of great concern to the surgeons. The choice of an appropriate implant is crucial for the postoperative results. This article reviews the types of breast implants, principles of selection, and factors to be considered when choosing implants.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of correcting breast ptosis using the rotational filling of an inferolaterally pedicled tongue-shaped parenchymal flap via a double periareolar incision.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 34 female patients (68 breasts) with breast ptosis treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery at the Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2023. The patients＇ ages ranged from 23 to 53 years, with an average of (37.4±7.9) years. All patients underwent correction of breast ptosis using an inferolaterally pedicled tongue-shaped parenchymal flap via a double periareolar incision. Pre-operative and post-operative measurements were taken to assess the corrective outcomes, including mammary base width (MBW), areola diameter (AD), nipple-to-nipple distance (NN), suprasternal notch-to-nipple distance (SSN-N), nipple-to-inframammary fold distance (N-IMF), and thoracic circumference at the nipple level (TN). Patients＇ satisfaction was assessed using the BREAST-questionnaire (BREAST-Q) module.Results:Postoperative first-stage wound healing was achieved in all 34 patients without complications such as hematoma, infection, or nipple necrosis. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 60 months, with a median of 12 months. Early postoperative observations showed periareolar folds, which disappeared within 3 to 6 months in 31 cases, while mild periareolar folds, persisted for up to 12 months in 3 cases. Four patients reported reduced nipple sensation postoperatively. Measurements showed a statistically significant increase in TN and a reduction in NN, SSN-N, AD, N-IMF, and MBW compared to preoperative values (all P<0.001). BREAST-Q scores indicated significant improvements in satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being and physical well-being, with preoperative scores of (21.6±8.9), (42.4±11.9) and (49.7±12.9) scores increasing to (82.3±8.5), (81.9±8.1) and (81.2±8.3) scores, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The double periareolar incision technique with rotational filling of an inferolaterally pedicled tongue-shaped glandular flap is a safe and effective method for correcting breast ptosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of using autologous mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" grafting to augment mandible for correcting lower facial asymmetry with normal occlusal relationships.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with lower facial asymmetry treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from January 2016 to December 2019. Preoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans of the maxillofacial region were obtained to acquire three-dimensional data of the maxillofacial skeleton. Computer-aided design was used to determine the osteotomy range of the mandibular outer cortex and design osteotomy guide template. The outer cortex of the larger mandibular side (donor site) was harvested according to the osteotomy guide template and sectioned. The segmented mandibular outer cortex was then contoured to match the arc of the recipient side’s mandibular outer cortex and fixed to the inner side of the recipient mandibular outer cortex, thus increasing the width and thickness of the expanded mandible. Follow-up was conducted at 7th day and 6 months postoperatively, CBCT scan was performed to measure the changes in ramus height (Co-Go), mandibular body length (Go-Me), and mandibular outer cortex thickness, and volume, and the patient satisfaction with facial appearance (1 to 5 points, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction), were assessed to evaluate surgical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0 software. Paired t-tests were used to compare patient satisfaction scores preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to compare Co-Go and Go-Me measurements preoperatively, 7th day, and 6 months postoperatively. If a statistically significant difference is found, further analysis using post-hoc testing(Tukey’s HSD test) will be conducted to examine the data. Results:Sixteen patients with lower facial asymmetry were included, comprising of 5 males and 11 females, aged 18 to 40 years, with an average age of 25.2 years. Surgical method included contralateral mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" grafting to the expanded mandible in 9 cases and simultaneous genioplasty in 7 cases. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years, with an average follow-up of 18.6 months. All patients experienced numbness of the lower lip postoperatively, which resolved within six months, and no severe complications occurred. The symmetry of lower facial contour improved significantly and remained stable. Patient satisfaction score for facial appearance increased from (1.63±0.62) points preoperatively to (4.19±0.75) points six months postoperatively( P<0.01). The differences in Co-Go on the donor side and Go-Me on the recipient side across the three time points(preoperatively, 7th day and 6 months postoperatively) were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). However, the differences in Go-Me on the donor side and Co-Go on the recipient side across the three time points were statistically significant(all P<0.05). On the donor side, the mandibular outer cortex thickness decreased by a maximum of 6 mm on 7th day postoperatively and increased by a maximum of 2 mm at 6 months postoperatively compared to 7th day. On the recipient side, mandibular outer cortex thickness increased by a maximum of 6 mm on 7th day postoperatively and decreased by a maximum of 2 mm at six months postoperatively compared to 7th day. The volume of the mandibular outer cortex on the recipient side increased by (4 415.94±1 017.21)mm 3 at 7th day postoperatively compared to preoperatively, and decreased by (202.63±300.85)mm 3 at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion:For lower facial asymmetrical with normal occlusal relationships and no occlusal plane deviation, contralateral mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" bone grafting can effectively increase the width and volume of the mandible on the grafted side, achieving favorable clinical outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of using autologous mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" grafting to augment mandible for correcting lower facial asymmetry with normal occlusal relationships.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with lower facial asymmetry treated at the Department of Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from January 2016 to December 2019. Preoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans of the maxillofacial region were obtained to acquire three-dimensional data of the maxillofacial skeleton. Computer-aided design was used to determine the osteotomy range of the mandibular outer cortex and design osteotomy guide template. The outer cortex of the larger mandibular side (donor site) was harvested according to the osteotomy guide template and sectioned. The segmented mandibular outer cortex was then contoured to match the arc of the recipient side’s mandibular outer cortex and fixed to the inner side of the recipient mandibular outer cortex, thus increasing the width and thickness of the expanded mandible. Follow-up was conducted at 7th day and 6 months postoperatively, CBCT scan was performed to measure the changes in ramus height (Co-Go), mandibular body length (Go-Me), and mandibular outer cortex thickness, and volume, and the patient satisfaction with facial appearance (1 to 5 points, with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction), were assessed to evaluate surgical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0 software. Paired t-tests were used to compare patient satisfaction scores preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to compare Co-Go and Go-Me measurements preoperatively, 7th day, and 6 months postoperatively. If a statistically significant difference is found, further analysis using post-hoc testing(Tukey’s HSD test) will be conducted to examine the data. Results:Sixteen patients with lower facial asymmetry were included, comprising of 5 males and 11 females, aged 18 to 40 years, with an average age of 25.2 years. Surgical method included contralateral mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" grafting to the expanded mandible in 9 cases and simultaneous genioplasty in 7 cases. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 5 years, with an average follow-up of 18.6 months. All patients experienced numbness of the lower lip postoperatively, which resolved within six months, and no severe complications occurred. The symmetry of lower facial contour improved significantly and remained stable. Patient satisfaction score for facial appearance increased from (1.63±0.62) points preoperatively to (4.19±0.75) points six months postoperatively( P<0.01). The differences in Co-Go on the donor side and Go-Me on the recipient side across the three time points(preoperatively, 7th day and 6 months postoperatively) were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). However, the differences in Go-Me on the donor side and Co-Go on the recipient side across the three time points were statistically significant(all P<0.05). On the donor side, the mandibular outer cortex thickness decreased by a maximum of 6 mm on 7th day postoperatively and increased by a maximum of 2 mm at 6 months postoperatively compared to 7th day. On the recipient side, mandibular outer cortex thickness increased by a maximum of 6 mm on 7th day postoperatively and decreased by a maximum of 2 mm at six months postoperatively compared to 7th day. The volume of the mandibular outer cortex on the recipient side increased by (4 415.94±1 017.21)mm 3 at 7th day postoperatively compared to preoperatively, and decreased by (202.63±300.85)mm 3 at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion:For lower facial asymmetrical with normal occlusal relationships and no occlusal plane deviation, contralateral mandibular outer cortex "sandwich" bone grafting can effectively increase the width and volume of the mandible on the grafted side, achieving favorable clinical outcomes.