Objective: To investigate the household eye hygiene among students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into the management of myopia among children and adolescents. Methods: Students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools were sampled in Jinshan District using a stratified cluster sampling method from December 2021 to January 2022. The household reading environments were observed, including the height of the learning desk and chair, desk surface color and strength. The duration of reading and writing, duration of watching TV and videos, duration of outdoor activities, duration of sleep and eye use behaviors and habits after school and at weekends were investigated using questionnaires. Results: A total of 330 primary school students were surveyed, including 179 boys (54.24%) and 151 girls (45.76%), and there were 36.36% grade 3 primary school students, 36.36% grade 4 students and 27.27% grade 5 students. There were 94.24% of primary school students that used the desk and chair with heights mismatched to students' heights, 25.45% that used desks with dark surface, 26.67% that used desks with light reflection, and 48.48% that used desk lamps with an illumination intensity of <300 lx. There were 56.36% of students with reading and writing duration of 1 h and longer, 15.76% with watching duration of 0.5 h and longer, 86.97% with outdoor activity duration of <1 h and 88.48% with sleep duration of <10 h after school, and 42.42% with reading and writing duration of 2 h and longer, 29.70% with watching duration of 1 hour and longer, 65.45% with outdoor activity duration of <2 h and 55.76% with sleep duration of <10 h at weekends. There were 30.91% of primary school students with 10 cm distance from chest to desk, 26.36% with 33 cm distance from eyes to books and 35.15% with 3 cm distance from fingers to pen points when reading and writing, and 35.45% with >3 m distance from TV, 40.91% with >50 cm distance from computers, and 22.73% with >40 cm distance from cell phones when watching TV or videos. Conclusions The household eye use environments remain to be improved, and there are poor eye use behaviors among primary school students at grades 3 to 5 in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality; notably, mismatch between the desk and chair height and students' body height and inadequate sleep are common.

Objective: To elucidate the association between biorhythm disorders and health risk behaviors in adolescence, so as to provide reference for appropriate interventions. Methods: From March to April 2023, 2 381 adolescents in Shanghai were selected as research objects using convenience sampling and stratified random cluster sampling methods. The Self rating Questionnaire of Biological Rhythm Disorders for Adolescents (SQBRDA) and the self report health risk behaviors questionnaire were used to investigate the status of adolescent biorhythm disorders and nine kinds of health risk behaviors, while a multivariate Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between the two variables. Results: The average SQBRDA score was (68.25±0.42) The incidence and detection rates of health risk behaviors in the groups with no co occurrence, mild co occurrence, moderate co occurrence, and severe co occurrence were 234(9.83%), 1 176(49.39%), 830(34.86%) and 141(5.92%), respectively. The total SQBRDA score was positively correlated with the risk of co occurrence of health risk behaviors. The risk of mild co occurrence, moderate co occurrence, and severe co occurrence of health risk behaviors was 9.05 times (95% CI =4.25-19.15, P <0.01), 44.55 times (95% CI =20.75-96.05, P <0.01) and 110.05 times (95% CI =40.65-297.95, P <0.01) higher, respectively, among adolescents with higher scores of biorhythm disorders compared to adolescents with lower scores of biorhythm disorders. Conclusions Health risk behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai draw attention to a serious phenomenon whereby biorhythm disorders are positively correlated with the risk of co occurrence. Comprehensive interventions aimed at addressing adolescent health risk behaviors should focus on regulating biorhythm disorders.