Objective To understand the status quo of related knowledge,attitude and practice of religious belief among undergraduate nursing students and provide reference for education on religious belief.Methods A self-filled questionnaire on religious belief was used randomly among undergraduate nursing students in 4 medical universities in Wuhan.Results Most nursing students were inferior to the cognitive degree of related knowledge on belief religious,which was greatly related to the grade,nationality,parents’ religious belief and family residence factors.The notion of nursing students towards religious belief policy was nebulous.Most students could cognize the relationship between religion and science correctly.The university had minor effect on students’ religion view.Students contacted religious belief with various channels and the role of the network could not be underestimated.Undergraduate nursing students understood and pardoned their religious belief and other students’.Their religious belief was not the mainstream of current belief.The Buddhist belief of religion was in the first place.The majority of students went to religious activities not for the belief.Conclusions We should face the reality,examine rationally at this society and strengthen the social,school,family and individual guidance on religion together with related education coustruction.

The article describes the current situation of training mode of community nurses in community health service institutions in Hubei province from several aspects,including training object,training target,training base,teaching staff,training organization and government,training method and time,training curriculum,training effect evaluation and certification.The article suggests a multitude of factors influencing the training quality,such as formal training,dominant job training,and monotonous community training content and less training time.Overall,the government should be done something to increase government support and funding and accelerate the community nursing services and community nursing education.It is also essential to establish community nursing personnel training mechanism,improve and perfect the community health personnel training system,increase the construction of community nursing practice base and facilities and strengthen clinical practice skills.

To address the role of Pr1 gene in the process of Hirsutella sinensis infecting Hepialus gonggaensis, differential expression of subtilisin-like protease gene was detected. In the present study, Pr1 gene analogues from H. sinensis were obtained by PCR strategy using specific primers designed from conserved regions of Pr1 gene reported in the GenBank. Then we detected the changes in the expression of Pr1 gene before and after infecting H. gonggaensis using real-time quantitative PCR. We obtained the partial sequence of Pr1 gene with the length of 535 bp (GenBank accession: KC009680). Real-time PCR results showed that the expression level of Pr1 gene was significantly different among 8 samples (P < 0.01). Pr1 gene showed the obvious higher expression level (2-3 folds) after infecting the H. gonggaensis, suggesting that the Pr1 gene may play an important role in the process of H. sinensis infecting H. gonggaensis. The present study paves a way for further identification on infectivity assessment of H. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Hypocreales ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Larva ; Lepidoptera ; microbiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Subtilisin ; genetics ; metabolism

【Objective】 To investigate the management of adverse reactions to blood donation(ARBD) in blood services, so as to promote the surveillance of ARBD and improve the quality of blood donation service in Chongqing. 【Methods】 A questionnaire, involving the staff and facilities in blood donation sites as well as the prevention and treatment, the record and report, the following up and data related to ARBD was developed by Chongqing Society of Blood Transfusion in February 2019, and was issued to 18 blood services(1 blood center and its sub-center, 6 central blood stations and 11 hospital blood banks) in the Chongqing via email. The questionnaire was filled in and submitted before March 31 by management personnel participating in the investigation, and the data was collected, collated, revised and analyzed by Excel 2011. 【Results】 A total 19 questionnaires were collected, with the valid rate at 100%(19/19). 78.95%(15/19) of the blood services met the requirements of medical personnel allocation(>6 medical staff) when the number of daily blood collection was more than 60, and 100%(19/19)met the requirements of medical personnel allocation(2 to 6 medical staff) when the number of daily blood collection was less than 60. 89.47%(17/19) of the blood services were equipped with epinephrine hydrochloride, and 84.21%(16/19) with dexamethasone(an anti-allergic drug). There were significant differences in the allocation of other types of drugs. 100.00%(19/19) of the blood services formulated prevention and treatment measures concerning ARBD. In 2019, the incidence of ARBD in Chongqing was reported to be 0.54%(1 958 / 359 871), with the highestas [1.35%(223/16 543)] in subcenters and the lowest [0.32%(179/56 299)] in central blood centers (P<0.05). There was statistical significances in the incidences of ARBD reported by different blood stations(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The monitoring and management of ARBD among blood services in Chongqing should be further standardized in terms of staffing allocation, emergency drugs allocation and reporting, so as to gradually realize regional homogenization and ensure blood safety.

With retrieval of the ancient medical classics, the descriptions on meridians and collaterals are checked, and the different methods, way of thinking and presuppositions on experiment of propagated sensation along meridian are studied and compared in this paper. The result shows that the basic feature of meridians and collaterals is based on not the propagated sensation along meridian, but the arteriopalmus. Therefore, propagated sensation along meridian can not reflect the entity of meridian. It is the abuse of inference to conclude that the result of "experiment of progated sensation along meridian" equals to meridians and collaterals. The experimental methods are difficult to be applied on part of the meridian theory that is gained through experiences and practice. Thus, a new foothold should be taken as the basis of study on essence of meridians.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; Sensation

Lingshu: Gudu (Miraculous Pivot: Bone-Length Measurement) is compared with literatures concerning the Shushu (ancient Chinese numerology) of the Qin Dynasty (221 B. C. - 206 B. C. ) and the Han Dynasty (206 B. C.-220 A. D.) in this article. And it is discovered that "the number of heaven and earth" in Yijing (The Book of Change) was implied in the bone-length measurement. The theory of Shushu is hidden in the sized of head, neck, chest, abdomen, back and 4 extremities according to the measurement. The meaning of establishment of bone-length measurement, which is found to have universality, laid in setting down the measurement of meridians. And it is the origin of the proportional measurement of locating acupoints. Checked with the theory of Shushu, errors in the description of bone-length measurement could also be found in Lingshu: Gudu (Miraculous Pivot: Bone-Length Measurement) of the present edition, which is helpful for the modern study on the measurement.
Acupuncture ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

The function, circulation, distribution and characteristics of Weiqi (Defensive qi) in ancient literatures are retrieved and extracted in this article to analyze and study the theory of "applying acupuncture according to the properties of Weiqi (Defensive qi)" in Internal Classic. The result shows that Deqi (arrival of qi) is closely related with Weiqi (Defensive qi). The circulation of Weiqi (Defensive qi) has its own temporal regularity, which should be followed by the application of acupuncture. The gathering and scattering of Weiqi (Defensive qi) can be used to explain the relationship between distribution of acupoint and curative effect. Circulation of Weiqi (Defensive qi) is influenced by yang qi in the universe which varies according to seasonal factors. Therefore, acupoint selection according to time should not be adopted mechanically. Furthermore, the circulation of Weiqi (Defensive qi) can be either independent or identical with the channels. Therefore, it is still under discussion whether the needling sensation is actually transmit along the channels in the experiment of "propagated sensation along channels".
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Qi ; Seasons

To compare the efficacy of interferon and thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy with interferon monotherapy for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. The relevant randomized controlled trials were searched throughout PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, CBMdisc, VIP, WanFang since Janurary 1990. Studies were included if patients were followed up for at least 6 months after cessation of treatment. Meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan5.0 software. Subgroup analyses were used at different time of observation. Seven randomized controlled trials were included(535 patients in total). According to the results of meta-analysis, the combination therapy was remarkably more effective than monotherapy both at the end of the treatment and the follow-up in terms of HBV-DNA negative rate (54.9% vs 36.3%, OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.64-3.49, P value is less than 0.01; 58.6% vs 30.7%, OR=3.68, 95% CI=2.51-5.41, P value is less than 0.01, respectively), ALT normalization rate (74.5% vs 60.9%, OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.26-3.00, P value is less than 0.01; 74.0% vs 55.6%, OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.54-3.62, P value is less than 0.01, respectively), HBeAg loss rate (56.9% vs 36.7%, OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.61-3.51, P value is less than 0.01; 62.2% vs 33.2%, OR=3.42, 95% CI=2.31-5.06, P value is less than 0.01, respectively) , and HBeAg seroconversion rate (40.1% vs 29.0%, OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.10-2.47, P value is less than 0.05; 47.0% vs 29.5%, OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.43-3.16, P value is less than 0.01, respectively); the HBsAg loss rate of the combination therapy group was significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group only at the end of the follow-up (9.8% vs 3.7%, OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.09-7.76, P value is less than 0.05). Interferon and thymosin alpha-1 combination therapy achieves superior effect with no increase in the adverse effects as compared to interferon monotherapy for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B.
Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Thymosin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

The theory, methods and ideas of "experiment of progated sensation along meridians (PSM)" were examined in the article through retrieval of ancient medical books, excavating the theory of meridians, the qi of meridians, ying (nutrient) qi, wei (defensive) qi and the related acupuncture techniques. The result shows that PSM is not the reaction of the meridian qi, but the reflection of wei (defensive) qi. Therefore, whether the experiment of PSM revealed with the phenomenon of meridian and all hypothesis based on it or not are still remained as a question. However, although PSM is considered to be related with the wei (defensive) qi, it can not be concluded that the experiment of PSM revealed the function of the wei (defensive) qi.
Humans ; Meridians ; Qi ; Sensation ; Yin-Yang

To search ancient literature and Chinese medicine references, consult the modern humanities research achievement, and discuss the meridians theories such as "going and coming", "going along and against", "acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing", and "deficiency and excess" etc. the results show that the ancient's space and time idea, meridian qi moving are manifested in meridian theory, and play an important role in "the unity of heaven and humanity". The pulse and circulation of meridian qi can be checked by the method of "waiting for qi arriving", and the acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing is applied due to the "waiting for qi arriving", in order to promote qi in line with time. Nowadays, compared with ancient method, the acupuncture method of reinforcing and reducing in teaching material is lack of the time factor.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi