Objective:To analyze the risk factors of recurrence and canceration for premalignant vocal fold lesions after surgery, and to provide a reasonable basis for preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up. Methods:This study retrospective analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome（recurrence, canceration, recurrence-free survival, and canceration-free survival） in 148 patients undergoing surgical treatment in Chongqing General Hospital from 2014 to 2017. Results:The five-year overall recurrence rate was 14.86% and the overall recurrence rate was 8.78%. Univariate analysis showed that smoking index, laryngopharyngeal reflux and lesion range were significantly associated with recurrence（P<0.05）, and smoking index and lesion range were significantly associated with canceration（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking index ≥600 and laryngopharyngeal reflux were independent risk factors for recurrence（P<0.05）, and smoking index ≥600 and lesion range ≥1/2 vocal cord were independent risk factors for canceration（P<0.05）. The mean carcinogenesis interval for the postoperative smoking cessation group was significantly longer（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Excessive smoking, laryngopharyngeal reflux and a wide range of lesions may be related to postoperative recurrence or malignant progression of precancerous lesions in the vocal cord, and further large-scale multi-center prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify the effects of the above factors on recurrence and malignant changes in the future.
Humans ; Vocal Cords/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux/complications* ; Prospective Studies ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of procyanidins on cerebral injury in rat model of cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and it's possible mechanisms. METHEOD: Fifty-four health Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups randomly: sham operation group, model group of intracerebral hemorrhage, treatment group-administrate with procyanidins of low (50 mg x kg(-1)), middle (100 mg x kg(-1)) and high(200 mg x kg(-1)) dose, and positive control group-administrate with nimodipine (10 mg x kg(-1)). Intragastric administration procyanidins to rats of each treatment groups once a day, lasting two weeks and once again at one hour before operation. The sham-operation group and intracerebral hemorrhage group was administrated with Sodium Chloride of the equal volume. On the brain stereotaxic apparatus, the rat intracerebral hemorrhage model was established by injecting collagenase with microinjector into the brain caudate nucleus which was located according to the brain stereotaxic atlas. Symptoms of neurological handicap of rats with ICH was evaluated by measurement of Bederson score at 4, 8, 12, 24 hour after operation respectively. Twenty-four hours after operation, make the blood serum of rats ready to measure the level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the brain homogenate was prepared to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat's brain tissues. The content of water in rat's brain was observed by Dry-weight method, the brain tissue pathomorphology was observed with electron microscope.

RESULTIn procyanidins groups (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)), the neurological behavioral score, Brain Water Content (BWC) and the level of CK, LDH were significantly lower than those in ICH group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), whereas the activity of SOD was higher than that in ICH group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, procyanidins (100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) degrade the content of MDA in brain homogenate. In addition, changes of histopathology in procyanidin groups at every doses was better than ICH group.

CONCLUSIONProcyanidins can protect rats with cerebral hemorrhage, and the protective effect may be result from improving lipid peroxidation and reducing free radicals to generate.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Proanthocyanidins ; administration & dosage ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic basis of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (CJ LPS).

METHOD(1) IVIg (400 mg/kg x d) was given to the rats on the different days respectively during the immunization with CJ LPS. Histological study of sciatic nerve was performed on the 35 th day after immunization. The titer of anti-CJ LPS antibody in sera of immunized rats was measured by ELISA; IgG deposition was detected by immunohistochemistry and expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the pathological nerves by in situ hybridization histochemistry. (2) When PBMCs were stimulated by CJ LPS in vitro, IVIg was added into culture medium at the doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Pathological examination of sciatic nerve was performed on the 7th day after perineural injection of the supernatants. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in PBMCs stimulated by CJ LPS in medium was detected by in situ hybridization histochemistry after adding IVIg.

RESULTS(1) The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of the control group (15.0%) after immunization with CJ LPS, P < 0.01. The titer of antibody in control group was 9 times higher than that of IVIg group. There was no expression of immunoglobulin and TNF-alphamRNA in peripheral nerves in IVIg group, but high expression was found in control group in which no IVIg was injected. (2) The expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA on the PBMCs in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of control group (9.5%). (3) When the PBMCs of normal rats were stimulated by CJ LPS, the expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA in PBMCs of 5 mg/ml IVIg group (3.0%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (2.0%) were much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (15.0%) or 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (11.5%), P < 0.01. The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in 5 mg/ml IVIg group (9.8%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (8.5%) was much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (50.0%), 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (41.0%) or control group (50.8%) after the perineural injection with the supernatants, respectively, P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of high dose IVIg might be associated with inhibition of the humoral and cellular immunity simultaneously in peripheral neuropathy induced by CJ LPS.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; genetics

Procyanidins is the generic term of a large class of polyphenol compounds widespread in the plant kingdom. Because of its potential ability to eliminate free radicals, and also the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity, it is the latest craze all over the word, widely used in medicines, cosmetics, health products, etc. This paper reviews the newest research progress of pharmacological effects of procyanidins and its possible action mechanism, such as antioxidation, cardiovascular protection, prevention and treatment of cancer, anti-inflammatory action, anti-diabetic effect, liver protection, and the role of anti-gastrelcosis, anti-radiation, improving learning and memory, promoting hair growth and so on at home and abroad in recent few years.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of standardized endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation alone or in combination with tissue adhesive injection for gastric varices (GV) after the first cirrhotic esophageal variceal bleeding. Methods: A total of 97 patients who underwent a successful endoscopic therapy in our hospital due to the first cirrhotic esophageal variceal bleeding were enrolled, and according to the subsequent therapeutic regimen, they were divided into control group (48 patients) and treatment group (49 patients). The patients in the control group were given conservative treatment alone, and those in the treatment group were given endoscopic therapy regularly. The therapeutic regimen, changes in varices, complications, and death caused by rebleeding were compared between the two groups. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results: The treatment group achieved a remission rate of esophageal varices (EV) of 100% and a GV elimination rate of 93.75% after 2-3 times of endoscopic therapy; the EV recurrence, rebleeding, and mortality rates were 2.04%, 0, and 0, respectively, within 1 month, 16.33%, 4.08%, and 0, respectively, within 12 months, and 20.40%, 14.29%, and 4.08%, respectively, within 20 months; the incidence rate of gastric variceal bleeding (GVB) was 0. In the control group, the EV recurrence, rebleeding, and mortality rates were 4.17%, 2.08%, and 2.08%, respectively, within 1 month, 41.67%, 33.33%, and 8.33%, respectively, within 12 months, and 72.92%, 56.25%, and 20.83%, respectively, within 20 months; the incidence rate of GVB was 18.75%. There were significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rate of GVB (χ ² = 13.605, P = 0.001) and EV long-term recurrence, rebleeding, and mortality rates (12 months: χ ² = 16.326, P < 0.01; 20 months: χ ² = 27.144, P < 0.01). Conclusion Gastroscopy and continuous endoscopic therapy for 2-3 times should be performed regularly after the first cirrhotic esophageal variceal bleeding to alleviate EV, eliminate GV, and reduce rebleeding and mortality rates.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of pathogens and risk factors of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with infection, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: From February 2011 to January 2018, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 438 patients with SAP were selected. The samples including ascites, sputum and blood were collected and cultured. Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing the risk factors related to SAP complicated with infection. Results: The total infection rate of SAP was 49.09% (215/438), of which the bacterial infection rate was 44.29% (194/438) and the fungal infection rate was 22.60% (99/438). A total of 625 pathogens were cultured, including 333 (53.28%) strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 171 (27.36%) strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 121 (19.36%) strains of fungi. Gram-negative bacteria were extremely resistant to β-lactams antibiotics, among them Acinetobacter baumannii was the highest (63.93% to 100.00%), and resistance rate to enzyme inhibitors was slightly lower (11.54% to 48.15%). The resistance rates of Gram-positive bacteria to penicillin and erythromycin were both high, which were 92.86% to 100.00% and 81.25% to 95.00%, respectively, and Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline were not found. The resistance rate of fungi was generally low (0 to 28.57%). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (odds ratio (OR)=2.031, 95% confidence interval (CI)1.230 to 3.356), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score≥11 (OR=1.780, 95%CI 1.129 to 2.806), fasting time more than three weeks (OR=3.437, 95%CI 2.119 to 5.574), mechanical ventilation (OR=2.697, 95%CI 1.643 to 4.427) and surgery (OR=3.464, 95%CI 1.806 to 6.643) were the independent risk factors of SAP complicated with infection (all P<0.05). The results of stratified analysis indicated that MODS, fasting time more than three weeks, mechanical ventilation and surgery were the independent risk factors of more locus infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions The infection rate of SAP is high and the risk factors are complex. Early prevention, improvement of the pathogen detection and guiding the reasonable use of antibiotics are necessary. For patients with invasive procedures and treatment, aseptic awareness should be strengthen to prevent iatrogenic infection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with autologous hepatoma cell lysates on postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSDCs isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HCC patients were cultured and propagated in vitro using rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and then were pulsed with autologous hepatoma cell lysates. Thirty postoperative patients with HCC were randomly divided into two groups. Fifteen cases were treated with DC vaccine; fifteen cases received chemotherapy only as a control group. Immune function, clinical effects, hepatic tumor recurrence rate and the survival rate of patients of the two groups were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe levels of CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells in the DC vaccine group were significantly increased after vaccination, while those of the control group had no significant changes. The concentration of IL-10 in the DC vaccine group was significantly decreased after the vaccination (P < 0.05). The hepatic tumor recurrence rate at 18 months in the DC vaccine group was 13.33%, compared with 53.33% in the control group (P < 0.05). The survival rate in the former was 93.33%, compared with that of 60% in the later (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHepatoma cell lysates pulsed DC vaccine may improve the immune function of the postoperative HCC patients and play an important role in prevention of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of HCC, which would provide an innovative approach for the immunotherapy of HCC.

Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; therapy ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-4 ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Period ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Liver Neoplasms ; NF-kappa B

Immobilization of heparin onto the surfaces of biomaterials is an effective approach for improving their anticoagulant properties and biocompatibility. In this article are reviewed the relevant principle, experimental researches and applications. Finally, a prospect for heparin immobilization is made as well.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Heparin ; chemistry ; Humans ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) on microRNA-31 (miR-31) expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma using HepG2 hepatoma cells.

METHODSStable HBsAg-overexpressing cell lines were established by transfecting HepG2 cells with an HBsAg-bearing mammalian expression vector, and the clones (designated as HepG2-H2 cells) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Effects on expression of miR-31 were determined by measuring the mRNA level by real-time PCR and performing statistical comparisons with levels detected in HepG2-H0 cells (stably transfected with empty vector) and HepG2.2.15 cells (stably transfected with the HBV genome).

RESULTSThe HepG2-H2 HBsAg-overexpressing transfectant cell line was successfully established. The expression level of miR-31 was significantly higher in the HepG2-H0 cells than in the HepG2.2.15 cells (t = 583.8, P less than 0.001). In contrast, the expression level of miR-31 was significantly higher in the HBsAg-overexpressing HepG2-H2 cells than in the HepG2-H0 cells (F = 24.9, P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntact HBV leads to down-regulation of miR-31 expression and HBsAg overexpression leads to up-regulation of miR-31 expression in hepatocarcinoma cells.

Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Transfection ; Virus Replication